scholarly journals Development of soybean genotypes as a function of water availability and sowing seasons in Rio Verde, state of Goias

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Gilmar Oliveira Santos ◽  
Samuel Leandro Soares ◽  
Gustavo André Simon ◽  
Renata Cristina Alvares
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Soybean crop yield is affected in the absence of favorable conditions for its complete development, and one of the most limiting factors is the water availability throughout the crop cycle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of three soybean genotypes, in two sowing dates, during two harvests, in the city of Rio Verde, Stat of Goiás. Four experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replicates in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 harvests. The variables analyzed in the experiment were plant height at maturity, days to maturity, and grain yield. The water balance in the soil considered the water storage of 46.8 mm. It was observed periods with greater water deficiency (53.5 mm) in the 2018/2019 harvest for all genotypes. In short, for genotypes with 100 to 110 days of the cycle, the sowing time that showed to be the most promising to obtain higher yields, was between October 20 and November 20, for genotypes with a cycle of 120 days. This range of adaptation becomes broader, mainly because these genotypes have a longer vegetative period, being, therefore, the period of least water requirement for the crop.

scholarly journals Thermal and radiation effect studies of different wheat varieties in Chhattisgarh plains zone under rice-wheat cropping system

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
J. L. CHAUDHARY ◽  
S. R. PATEL ◽  
N. MANIKANDAN ◽  
RAJESH KHAVSE ◽  
P. K. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Dates

Field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons of 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Research and Instructional Farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur to examine and study the phenology, accumulation of growing degree days (GDD), heliothermal units (HTU), photothermal unit (PTU) and performance of wheat (Triticum aestivam L.) of four wheat varieties grown under five different sowing dates in factorial Randomized Block Design. It was observed that GDDs got reduced significantly with subsequent delay in sowing time. For our study purpose and as per package of practices, 25 November D1 can be taken as early sowing and D2 - 5 December as timely sowing conditions.  The wheat varieties Amar and Sujata took highest GDD, HTU and PTU to maturity.  On the mean basis the variety Kanchan produced highest grain yield (3147 kg/ha) followed by GW-273 (2947 kg/ha).  The significant reduction in grain yield was recorded when sowing was delayed beyond D2 - December 05.  Among the wheat varieties Kanchan showed better performance in terms of RUE followed by GW-273 and Sujata. Highest HUE was observed in wheat variety Kanchan followed by Sujata and GW-273. Varieties giving higher yield, RUE and HUE are identified under varying growing environments so as to suggest the appropriate sowing dates of wheat varieties in Chhattisgarh plains. GDD is giving consistent results as its variability is least varying between 3.4-5.3 per cent for different varieties and therefore it is reliable index for studying environmental effects on wheat in this region. Lowest RUE was observed under 5 January sowing (D5) in the all varieties which leads to conclusion that this sowing date must be avoided and wheat crop sowing must be completed latest by 25 December to avoid adverse effects on productivity.       

scholarly journals Assessment of Soybean Resistance Level to Pod Sucking Bug Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) based on No-choice and Free-choice Tests

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krisnawati ◽  
K. Noerwijati ◽  
S.W. Indiati ◽  
Trustinah . ◽  
E. Yusnawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Background: The infestation of the pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis is one of the limiting factors of soybean productivity in Indonesia. The research aims were to identify the level of resistance to the pod sucking bug R. linearis on several soybean genotypes based on the no-choice test (NCT) and free-choice tests (FCT). Methods: The genetic materials used were 49 soybean genotypes. The study was conducted in the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) from August to December 2020, using the randomized block design in triplicates. The evaluation for pod sucking bug resistance was based on NCT and FCT. Result: The FCT resulted in two genotypes with a consistent moderately resistance level (20-40% of damage intensity) to pod sucking bug based on the pod and seed damage intensity. The NCT method resulted in five genotypes as moderately resistant (20-40% of damage intensity) to pod sucking bug based on the seed damage. The NCT resulted in higher average intensity of pod and seed damage (80.25% and 71.23%, respectively) than the FCT (69.91% and 69.09%, respectively). Two soybean genotypes (Degra/Anjasmoro-1-559 and Anjasmoro/IAC100-2-618) with a consistent moderately resistance level could be used for cultivar improvement in the breeding program. The pod trichome density was suggested to be one of the effective morphological defenses against the pod sucking bug attack.

scholarly journals Okra seedlings production in protected environment, testing substrates and producing fruits in field

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Costa ◽  
Taynara G de Souza ◽  
Gleciane de L Benteo ◽  
Katiane SS Benett ◽  
Cleiton GS Benett
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The okra grows well in hot weather, finding favorable conditions for development in Brazil. We evaluated the production of okra seedlings and productivity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. In the seedling phase we tested substrates (100% triturated cassava stems, 75% triturated cassava stems and 25% vermiculite, 50% triturated cassava stems and 50% vermiculite, 25% triturated cassava stems and 75% vermiculite and 100% vermiculite). These substrates were placed in two protected environments (nursery with black screen, 50% of shading, and aluminized screen, 50% of shading). Each environment was considered an experiment conducted in completely randomized design with eight replications. After that we realized joint analysis. In the field, a total of 10 treatments generated from combinations of environments and substrates (2 environments x 5 substrates) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The average proportions of cassava stems and vermiculite may be suitable for okra seedlings. The results of shoot and total dry phytomass indicate that the aluminized screen can be recommended for okra seedlings production when the substrate with a 1:1 ratio is used. Seedlings grown on higher percentages of vermiculite anticipate production, while seedlings produced only in cassava stems tend to slow it down. The aluminized screen tends to increase the yield of okra seedlings. Average proportions of vermiculite and cassava stems for seedling production under aluminized screen, provide more fruits and yield of okra in Aquidauana.

scholarly journals Populasi Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Tiga Cara Budidaya Padi Sawah di Sukamandi

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
N. Usyati ◽  
Nia Kurniawati ◽  
Ade Ruskandar ◽  
Oco Rumasa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTPest and natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation in Sukamandi RegionSome on limiting factors in rice production include the cultivation system and pest damage. To suppress the damage, several control techniques have been applied, such as technical culture. The aim of this study was to gain information on population and pest damage, as well as natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation systems. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three treatment and 9 replications. The treatments were: 1) organic rice cultivation, 2) semi organic, and 3) farmer technique. The used rice variety was Inpari 30. The plot size was 6 m x 90 m. The variables observed included population and pest damage, natural enemy population, and rice yields. Thirthy two rice hills were observed randomly in diagonal direction, with 2 weeks interval from two weeks after transplanting until harvest. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the difference among the treatments was evaluated with Duncan multiple area test at 5% level. The results showed that brown plant hoppers population on organic rice cultivation is lower than semi-organic rice cultivation and farmer technique, but there were no difference of natural enemy population among treatments. The lowest yield was obtained from the organic rice cultivation (2.67 t/ha).Keywords: Rice cultivation, Pests, Natural enemiesABSTRAKBeberapa faktor pembatas produksi padi diantaranya adalah cara budidaya dan adanya serangan hama. Untuk menekan serangan hama, beberapa teknik pengendalian telah diterapkan diantaranya adalah pengendalian secara kultur teknis (cara budidaya). Pada MT-2 tahun 2016, penelitian dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai populasi dan serangan hama, serta populasi musuh alami pada tiga cara budidaya padi telah dilakukan di lahan kebun percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga cara budidaya dan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Adapun cara budidaya yang digunakan terdiri atas:1) budidaya padi organik; 2) semi organik; 3) cara petani. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 30. Ukuran plot 6 m x 90 m. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi dan tingkat serangan hama, populasi musuh alami, dan hasil panen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di pertanaman pada 32 rumpun sampel secara acak diagonal dengan interval dua minggu sekali mulai umur tanaman dua minggu setelah tanam sampai menjelang panen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dievaluasi dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama wereng coklat pada cara budidaya padi organik lebih rendah dibandingkan cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan populasi musuh alami pada cara budidaya padi organik, cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani. Hasil panen terendah (2,67 t/ha) terlihat pada perlakuan budidaya padi organik.Kata Kunci: Budidaya padi, Hama, Musuh alami

scholarly journals Effect of spatial arrangement on the production components and yield of sunflower

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra ◽  
João Bosco Pitombeira
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle

ABSTRACT The sunflower plant is an oilseed crop that has aroused a great interest in the Brazilian and international scenery especillay because of the possibility of using its oil for biodiesel production. The objective of this study was to evaluate productivity and yield components of Embrapa 122 sunflower according to the spatial arrangement. Treatments were arranged in 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, which are the four spacings between rows (0.30; 0.50; 0.70 and 0.90 m) and four sowing densities (30,000; 45,000; 60,000 and 75,000 plants ha-1). The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Plant Science Department in Fortaleza, State of Ceará-Brazil and on the Curu Vale Experimental Farm in Pentecoste, State of Ceará-Brazil. Productivity and the following production components were analyzed in the end of the crop cycle: harvested capitula, capitulum diameter, capitulum mass, achene mass per capitulum, mass of 100 achenes, achenes per capitulum, harvest index and oil content in the achenes. The experiments were analyzed jointly in relation to the cropping area and the data submitted to analysis of variance and quantitative factors tested by polynomial regression. The variables, spacing, density and cropping area did not interact with these variables and the spatial arrangement of the plants affected only the components. The cropping area influences the productive behavior of sunflower Embrapa 122. The spatial arrangement of the plants of sunflower of variety Embrapa 122 influences yield components but does not affect productivity.

scholarly journals Influences of two CO2 concentrations and water availability on bean crop

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
João B. L. da Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Ferreira ◽  
Luanna C. Pires ◽  
Eduardo G. Pereira ◽  
José E. S. Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bean Crop

This study was carried out to determine some physiological and phenological responses of the bean under high [CO2] and drought stress. The experiment was conducted from April to July 2009 in Viçosa, Brazil. The open-top chambers were used to enrich the air with CO2, whereas the drought stress was applied between the flowering and the ripening. The randomized block design was used, with four replicates in the subplots. The following plots were [CO2] at 700ppm (F1) and [CO2] environmental (F2) and the subplots were well watering (S1) and drought stress (S2). The results were subjected to Anova and the Tukey test (P < 0.05). For the treatments F1S1 and F1S2 the photosynthetic rate showed increments of 59% and the transpiration reduction of 12%. The yield, leaf temperature and stomatal conductance were not significant different to high [CO2], different from the dry matter, who showed increment of 20% (F1S1) and the water use efficiency who showed increase of 90% for high [CO2]. The osmotic potential was lower in plants under drought stress (F2S2 and F1S2), followed by plants under high [CO2] (F1S1). Despite the increment in photosynthesis, high [CO2] does not guarantee higher yield.

scholarly journals Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
B.M. SILVA ◽  
Q. RUCHEL ◽  
D.S. FRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.

scholarly journals SUGARCANE CROPS WITH CONTROLLED WATER DEFICIT IN THE SUB-MIDDLE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
WELSON LIMA SIMÕES ◽  
MARCELO CALGARO ◽  
MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES ◽  
ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MÍRIAN PAULA MEDEIROS ANDRÉ PINHEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Technological Quality

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is one of the most affected crops by water scarcity. The efficient use of the irrigation water is an alternative to minimize this problem. The objective of this work was to evaluate biometric parameters, yield, and technological quality of sugarcane plants subjected to different controlled water deficit regimes in the sub-middle São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in two crop cycles, with three replications, with ten treatments consisted of three controlled water deficits (15%, 30%, and 45% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc), applied at three development stages of the plant - sprouting and tillering (Stage I), grand growth (Stage II), and maturation (Stage III) - and a control with 100% of the ETc throughout the entire crop cycle. The controlled water deficit did not affect the technological quality of the sugarcane in any development stage. The sugarcane yield was higher when using a controlled water deficit of 30% of ETc in the sprouting and tillering stages of the plants. The water deficit of 15% of ETc is recommended for the grand growth, or maturation stages of the sugarcane plants for a greater water use efficiency of the production system.

scholarly journals Estimating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars as a function of air temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1742
Author(s):  
Josana Andreia Langner ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger ◽  
Angelica Durigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Emergence Phase

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the maximum development rates for the phases of emergence, vegetative and reproductive, and to test the performance of the Wang and Engel (WE) model for simulating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars sown on different dates. Model calibration was with data collected from a field experiment with a sowing date on December 13, 2014, and the model was tested with independent data from experiments with five sowing dates (August 20 and November 4, 2013, February 3 and August 15, 2014, and January 7, 2015) in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with four replicates. The dates of emergence (EM), silking (R1), and physiological maturity (R6) of two landraces ('Cinquentinha' and 'Bico de ouro') and two improved maize cultivars ('BRS Planalto' and 'AS 1573PRO') were recorded. Maximum daily developmental rates varied among cultivars from 0.2400 to 0.3411 d-1 for the emergence phase, from 0.0213 to 0.0234 d-1 for the vegetative phase, and from 0.0254 to 0.0298 d-1 for the reproductive phase. The WE model adequately estimated the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars with a mean error of 3.7 days. The cardinal temperatures used in the WE model were appropriate to estimate the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars.

scholarly journals Action of auxin inhibitors on growth and grain yield of soybean

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gederson Luiz Buzzello ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
José Abramo Marchese ◽  
Elouize Xavier ◽  
Edemir Miotto Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean genotypes grown in sub-tropical climate may exhibit lodging. The plant lodging is influenced by soil type and fertility level, sowing date, latitude and altitude of the location, plant population and conditions of crop development. Plant regulators and herbicides are able to avoid or reduce plant lodging. This study aimed to verify the effects of the growth regulators TIBA and daminozide on vegetative growth and yield of soybean cultivar CD 214 RR. The experiment was carried out at a field in randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme. The A factor was represented by the combination of regulators TIBA and daminozide and its concentrations, and the Factor B was seven times of evaluation of injury and plant height or eight times of evaluation of lodging. In the range of doses used, the application of daminozide resulted in greater injury to soybean plants than TIBA. The smaller plant height was achieved by the application of 6 g ha-1 of TIBA and 1200 g ha-¹ of daminozide. Treatments with daminozide (100 g ha-¹) and TIBA (10 g ha-1) stood out due to the reduced lodging of soybean plants. Grain weight increased linearly when the levels of TIBA increased. There was a negative correlation between lodging and grain yield and a positive correlation between plant height and lodging. There was also a negative correlation between injury caused by the application of plant regulators and lodging.

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