scholarly journals Pocketbook on Regional Anesthesia Techniques: Each Line Matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Md Reazaul Karim ◽  
Abhijit S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
The Relationship

Dear editor, There has been an ardent interest noticed in the last decade amongst members of anaesthesia fraternity to learn the art of regional anaesthesia (RA). Use of ultrasound (US) has revolutionised the practice of RA all over the world. Every month there is a description of either a new block or a modification of an existing block. Although this keeps RA enthusiasts occupied with various experiments and thus reinventing his/her skills, it also adds to the confusion. The US workshops are useful to Anaesthesiologist’s who have access to the US. Practitioners in the periphery especially freelancers and Anaesthesiologists working in small, resource-limited setups are the ones who should be skillful in landmark/ loss of resistance (LOR) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) guided RA techniques. Anatomy, landmarks, and techniques are equally important [1]. RA that is usually taught in medical colleges and teaching institutes to postgraduate students are spinal/epidural anaesthesia, few upper limb blocks (supraclavicular/axillary), and few lower limb blocks (femoral/sciatic/popliteal). The students do not get adequate confidence during training and later either have to attend workshops or become faculty in some teaching institutes to master RA skills. The relationship between nerve and needle tip at the moment of injection is critical. Nerve localisation techniques have evolved over the years [2]. There are workshops conducted all over the globe that teach US and PNS-guided RA techniques. However, it has been observed that the participants are mostly not actively practicing hands-on during such sessions. An illustrated pocketbook showing images, key points, and relevant landmarks of the regularly performed RA techniques were therefore long-awaited. Finally, three RA enthusiasts from India: Dr. Santosh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Tuhin Mistry, and Dr. Kala Eshwaran have compiled a book in which they have described LOR-based and PNS-guided techniques using illustrated and sel

The Historiography of Environmental History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the emergence of environmental history, which developed in the context of the environmental concerns that began in the 1960s with worries about local industrial pollution, but which has since evolved into a full-scale global crisis of climate change. Environmental history is ‘the history of the relationship between human societies and the rest of nature’. It includes three chief areas of inquiry: the study of material environmental history, political and policy-related environmental history, and a form of environmental history which concerns what humans have thought, believed, written, and more rarely, painted, sculpted, sung, or danced that deals with the relationship between society and nature. Since 1980, environmental history has come to flourish in many corners of the world, and scholars everywhere have found models, approaches, and perspectives rather different from those developed for the US context.

scholarly journals Opportunity or Crisis? Volatility and Leverage Effect in the World’s Largest Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amalendu Bhunia ◽  
Devrim Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Stock Market Returns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between asset volatility and leverage for the three largest economies (based on purchasing power parity) in the world; US, China, and India. Collectively, these economies represent Int$56,269 billion of economic power, making it important to understand the relationship among these economies that provide valuable investment opportunities for investors. We focus on a volatile period in economic history starting in 1997 when the Asian financial crisis began. Using autoregressive models, we find that Chinese stock markets have the highest volatility among the three stock markets while the US stock market has the highest average returns. The Chinese market is less efficient than the US and Indian stock markets since the impact of new information takes longer to be reflected in stock prices. Our results show that the unconditional correlation among these stock markets is significant and positive although the correlation values are low in magnitude. We also find that past market volatility is a good indicator of future market volatility in our sample. The results show that positive stock market returns result in lower volatility compared to negative stock market returns. These results demonstrate that the largest economies of the world are highly integrated and investors should consider volatility and leverage besides returns when investing in these countries.

Uncertain Times: The Reconstruction of China–US Relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Weixing CHEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trump Administration

The rise of China has shaken, to some extent, the pillars sustaining the US dominance in the world. Facing structural challenges from China, the United States has responded on three levels: political, strategic and policy. The Donald Trump administration has adopted a hard-line approach while attempting to engage China at the structural level. The China–US relationship is entering uncertain times, and the reconstruction of the relationship could take a decade.

Mutuality, responsibility, and reciprocity in situations of marked inequality

Focaal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (63) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
American Anthropological Association ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Conference Attendance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Paradoxes shape the relationship of the US anthropological community to its counterparts elsewhere and require new thinking about leadership that focuses on mutuality, responsibility, reciprocity, and pragmatism. Explored here are some key contradictions I see in ways of looking at the current, past, or plausible role of the US anthropological community and, in particular, the American Anthropological Association and its nearly forty Sections. Marked inequality exists among national and international anthropological organizations in size, finances, journal production, and conference attendance and often in perceived degree of importance, control, vibrancy, or agenda-setting. Yet this intervention argues for ways to mitigate that marked inequality, nonetheless, by refusing a binary us-them conceptualization and emphasizing creative pragmatism, mutuality, and responsibility. Unconventionally it even asks whether US anthropology should lead more in the world of anthropology than it currently does or lead less, and why both are worth exploring.

scholarly journals The Body Surpassed Towards the World and Perception Surpassed Towards Action: A Comparison between Enactivism and Sartre’s Phenomenology

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Federico Zilio
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perception Action

Enactivism maintains that the mind is not produced and localized inside the head but is distributed along and through brain-body-environment interactions. This idea of an intrinsic relationship between the agent and the world derives from the classical phenomenological investigations of the body (Merleau-Ponty in particular). This paper discusses similarities and differences between enactivism and Jean-Paul Sartre’s phenomenology, which is not usually considered as a paradigmatic example of the relationship between phenomenological investigations and enactivism (or 4E theories in general). After a preliminary analysis of the three principal varieties of enactivism (sensorimotor, autopoietic and radical), I will present Sartre’s account of the body, addressing some key points that can be related to the current enactivist positions: perception-action unity, anti-representationalism, anti-internalism, organism-environment interaction, and sense-making cognition. Despite some basic similarities, enactivism and Sartre’s phenomenology move in different directions as to how these concepts are developed. Nevertheless, I will suggest that Sartre’s phenomenology is useful to the enactivist approaches to provide a broader and more complete analysis of consciousness and cognition, by developing a pluralist account of corporeality, enriching the investigation of the organism-environment coupling through an existentialist perspective, and reincluding the concept of subjectivity without the hypostatisation of an I-subject detached from body and world.

scholarly journals Parametric status of the subject of utterance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
N. K. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Zero Position ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The article proposes a possible solution to the problem of the poly-subjectness of narrative discourse, associated with the hybrid nature of artistic communication, in which not only the world of narration is modeled, but also the communicative situation of communication. As one of the parameters of the discursive process, the analysis of which makes it possible to observe the intensive interaction of a number of systems participating in modeling the imaginary world of a work of art, the subject of the statement is considered, in M. Foucault's terminology, an empty position in discourse. The narrative text can be viewed as a complex of a number of communicative phenomena, as a special type of social interaction. A speech act, in which the text becomes an integral component, represents, according to this point of view, a two-unit complex of events, the process of the speaker's production of an utterance and the process of interpretive perception of the finished speech product. The interaction of the author and the reader takes place at the point I here now (Origo), in which an event takes place, which in the theory of the speaking subject of Yu. Kristeva is defined as passing the zero position subject of evocation-process and statement-result. In a complexly structured artistic message, the dynamics of the subject of utterance is expressed in the alternation of pronoun forms. In the structure of discourse, the subject of utterance forms a position, filling which the grammatical subject realizes the relationship between the grammatical and the communicative system, which represents a complex perspective of communication. The observer's area, which determines the communicative situation of narrative discourse, completely excluding interpersonal relations (this is what Bakhtin means when he speaks of the absence of dramatic relations between the author and the reader). The introduction of the observer category makes it possible to describe the position of out-of-access, according to which the author is on the border of fiction. The perspective of the observer explains another feature of literary communication, described by M.M. Bakhtin as the birth of meanings at the moment of meeting (dialogue) of the consciousnesses of both participants.

Autobiographical narration in short prose by Yevgeniya Bozhyk

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Textual Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Rhetorical Constructions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

The article devotes to the analysis of the autobiographical aspect of narration in short prose by Yevgeniya Bozhyk (1936–2012). It investigates interesting stories, essays, sketches as well as short stories. They are united by a holistic thematic and problematic circle of relevant universal issues that are outside of time and space. The writer reveals the secrets of her creative laboratory, uses various expressive means (metaphor, metonymy, refrain, symbol, rhetorical constructions, ellipse, excursion and anticipation, stream of consciousness, and open finale). She emphasizes such qualities of the creator as the ability to hear and listen, to catch the slightest nuances of mood in the world around her. It is noteworthy that literary texts have components of fiction, journalism in confessional presentation (author, hero and reader). The works have unique textual structure (fragmentation, sensitive dominant, intersemiotic components, primarily musical, aphoristic statements, changes in tempo, and autoallusions). The writer can communicate with people, read thoughts and feelings thanks to fine mental organization, guess unsaid things by female intuition, feel the relationship with the interlocutor at the highest sensory and mental levels. The artist of the word manages to capture the moment when there are changes in nature and man — two components of the universe. Therefore, the reader also becomes an author. He empathizes with the heroes, relates them to himself, learns and ponders what he has read. So, the creator builds conditional and frank conversation with each recipient of her works. Yevgeniya Bozhyk reproduces in literature her rich experience of meeting with different people (prototype characters), sharing her own view of the world with the reader and presents the vision of the Motherland in the bright and exciting kaleidoscope of events, perceptions, reflections. The keynote is the search for Man and Will. Only the brave can get rid of stereotypes and slavery. Indeed, the freedom of the country is unthinkable without the freedom (primarily spiritual) of each of its citizens.

scholarly journals Migrating architectures: Palladio’s legacy from Calcutta to New Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Maria Guerrieri
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPalladianism, which originated in Italy, is a style of architecture which spread widely across the world and has been extensively studied. It is known that it migrated to the UK during the eighteenth century at the same time as it did to Germany through Georg Knobelsdorff, to Russia through the work of Charles Cameron and Giacomo Quarenghi, to the US through Thomas Jefferson between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and was adopted in Poland, Sweden, and elsewhere. Palladianism became a tool of politicians and a status symbol for the elites to differentiate themselves from the common man. There are a few studies on the migration and adoption of Palladianism in India, primarily in relation to Calcutta’s architecture between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, there is specific research focusing on Lord Wellesley’s Palladian building programme, frequently highlighting the relationship between Government House, Calcutta and Kedleston Hall in Derbyshire. This essay focuses on the subject of the migration of Palladian architecture and, in particular, on its adoption by the capitals of India, Calcutta and Delhi, on the basis of primary archival material.

scholarly journals Japan and Changes of International Order: Concepts and Countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 2150005
Author(s):  
Bojiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Order ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The issue of order is the core of international relations. Both the dimensions of history and reality should be explored in order that the relationship between Japan and the world should be acknowledged in a scientific way. This paper analyzes Japan’s cognition and practice from such three aspects as the evolution of Japan’s view of international orders from a historical perspective, the post-war international order and “the crisis of liberal international order” and Japan’s responses to the international order under the ongoing unprecedented changes in the world. Based on principles of pragmatism, Japan strove to maintain its independence while expressing its respect with the order within the framework of the Hua-Yi Order. In face of the impact of rising Western civilization, Japan attempted to extricate itself from and overthrew the Hua-Yi Order and achieve the objective of “leaving Asia and embracing Europe,” and then turned from a follower of the Western dominant order into a challenger. After being defeated in WWII, the US occupation and the democratic transformation, Japan chose to accept and integrate into the liberal international order dominated by the US and gradually formed a unique view of international order through constantly sizing up the international situation, maintaining dynamic adjustment and making efforts to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. Faced with the changing international relations nowadays, Japan has been committed to enhancing the “comprehensive strategic activity” and repairing the liberal international order in crisis. The relationship between Japan and the international order not only reflects historical continuity but also presents newly emerging characteristics.

scholarly journals The typicality of the Vietnamese people's national liberation struggle for the

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-249
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship

The Vietnamese people's resistance war against the US imperialists' invasion to gain national liberation and reunification in the 20th century was a struggle expressing the Vietnamese people's intense desire for peace and national reunification and opposing the American neo-colonialism. The struggle of the Vietnamese people was deeply epochal, and typical of the national liberation movement in the world. This was not merely a struggle for national liberation, but also a struggle that reflected and fully converged three major revolutionary trends of the era: national independence, democracy and socialism. The article focuses on presenting brief outlines of the struggle for national independence, typical features of the Vietnamese people's struggle for national liberation, and puts it in the relationship between the revolution in Vietnam and revolutionary movements in the world. As a result, not only the value and aspiration for peace of the Vietnamese people and progressive humanity, but also the art of combining national strength with the strength of the times in the American war was recognized.

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