Analysing use of evidence in public policymaking processes: a theory-grounded content analysis methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Yanovitzky ◽  
Matthew Weber
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
Different Levels

A broad range of methodologies is routinely employed to track and analyse use of research evidence in public policymaking. However, available methods and tools are mostly equipped to track ‘evidence’ but are less equipped to capture and represent ‘use’ of evidence. In particular, existing methods overlook policymakers’ frequent use of evidence for political persuasion and bargaining. Drawing on established theories and research tools from the field of persuasive communication, we developed a content analysis instrument for tracking and analysing policymakers’ use of evidence based on the information contained in policy documents. We provide a specific example of applying this tool and demonstrate how it may be used to generate rich and nuanced insights regarding the scope, nature, and timing of policymakers’ evidence use at different levels and phases of the public policymaking process. We conclude with a discussion of potential strengths and limitations and offer recommendations regarding the optimal application of this methodology.

‘La radio émouvante, divertissante, intéressante?’

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien De Cang ◽  
Katia Segers
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Service Broadcasting ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

How to serve the audience? The Belgian National Radio Institute (N.I.R.) in search of putting into practice the public service remit through its music and audience policy before the era of television (1930-1953). How to serve the audience? The Belgian National Radio Institute (N.I.R.) in search of putting into practice the public service remit through its music and audience policy before the era of television (1930-1953). This article questions in what way the Belgian radio-broadcaster was searching how to put into practice the central public service remit through its music and audience policy from the start of the institute in 1930 till the launch of television in 1953. Departing from a theoretical reflection on the concept of Public Service Broadcasting, this article presents the results of a qualitative content analysis of policy documents (minutes, annual reports) as well as writings of key members of the N.I.R.-staff. It reveals a shared paternalistic vision on the public service remit as well as oppositional views upon the audience and how to serve it.

Where Is the Pill for the “Reproductive Man?”: A Content Analysis of Contemporary US Newspaper Articles

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Campo-Engelstein ◽  
Suzanne Kaufman ◽  
Wendy M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Cultural Narrative ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Newspaper Articles

We used content analysis methodology to examine the reasons newspaper articles ( n = 121) provide for why we do not have new male contraceptives (NMCs). Articles were six times more likely to state that developing NMCs is good than bad. Yet half of all articles noted the safety or side effects of NMCs, which could leave the public with a sense of confusion or hesitation around the science and interest in NMCs. Our results indicate that while articles recognize the advantages of NMCs and are ostensibly supportive of them, we as a society are not yet culturally ready for them. We highlight the emergence of a new cultural narrative regarding men and contraceptive responsibility, which we refer as the “reproductive man” because he considers himself a reproductive being who needs to take ownership and responsibility for his reproductive activity and decisions.

scholarly journals Kawalan Penularan Wabak Merbahaya Menurut Perspektif Siasah Syar'iiyyah

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Mohd Hapiz Mahaiyadin ◽  
Zakiah Samori
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Life Threatening

At the end of December 2019, a pandemic of life-threatening disease known as COVID-19, caused by a virus that is highly infective and capable of damaging the respiratory system of a human body, to eventually causing death within a short span of time, has been reported in Wuhan, China. This virus has spread to hundreds of countries with hundred thousand positive cases of COVID-19, as well as thousands of death recorded until April 2020. Similarly, Malaysia also faces the pandemic of COVID-19 and recorded an increase of positive cases with more than 50 deaths until today. Multiple drastic preventive measures and steps have been implemented by the authorities in Malaysia to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Hence, this study is conducted to identify control measures that have been used globally, by looking into recent literature studies and focusing on the enforcement of Restriction of Movement Order (RMO) measure in Malaysia. In evaluating the legality of the implementation, the concept of siasah syar’iyyah, which is an effective mechanism in safeguarding the public interest or common good as required in Islam, must be taken into consideration. Therefore, qualitative methodology was duly adopted to explore the jurisprudential approach of prior Muslim governments, by analyzing highly regarded principal references that addressed similar cases. The basic principles of Islam, as contained in the Quran and ḥadīth of Rasulullah PBUH, applied in the decision making process and the rationality of actions taken in addressing any pandemic of disease would also be observed through data analysis methodology (content analysis). The approach of Islamic jurispru-dence methodology that is relevant and its application to this issue is also very important to be elaborated to understand that the process used before arriving at each decision by the authorities should adhere to the concept of maqāṣid and main principles of sharī‘ah. The result of the study found that the preventive measures to control the pandemic outbreak currently implemented by Malaysian government as well as the policies being enforced in dealing with the life-threatening pandemic is consistent with the injunctions of Islamic law that should be obeyed by all parties. Abstrak Pada akhir Disember 2019, pandemik penyakit yang mengancam nyawa manusia dikenali sebagai COVID-19, sejenis virus yang mudah dijangkiti, mampu merosakkan sistem respiratori tubuh manusia seterusnya menyebabkan kematian dalam jangka masa pendek telah dilaporkan berlaku di Wuhan, China. Virus ini telah merebak ke ratusan buah negara dengan  ratusan ribu kes positif COVID-19 beserta ribuan kematian telah dicatatkan sehingga April 2020. Malaysia turut  berdepan dengan wabak COVID-19 dan merekodkan peningkatan kes positif dengan lebih 50 kematian setakat  hari ini. Pelbagai langkah dan kaedah kawalan drastik telah dilaksanakan oleh badan berautoriti di Malaysia untuk mengawal penularan wabak COVID-19. Justeru kajian ini dibuat  untuk mengenalpasti kaedah-kaedah pengawalan yang dilaksanakan di peringkat global dengan melihat kajian-kajian literatur terkini dengan penumpuan kepada penguatkuasaan kaedah Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) di Malaysia. Dalam menilai kesahan pelaksanaan, konsep siasah syar’iyyah yang merupakan satu mekanisme efektif dalam menjaga kemaslahatan awam seperti yang dituntut oleh Islam harus diambilkira. Oleh yang demikian, metod kualitatif digunapakai untuk meneroka pendekatan ijtihad kerajaan Islam terdahulu dengan menganalisis kitab-kitab muktabar dalam menangani beberapa kes yang sama. Prinsip-prinsip asas Islam yang terkandung dalam al-Quran dan sunah Rasululullah SAW dalam proses membuat keputusan dan kewajaran tindakan yang perlu diambil dalam menangani suatu wabak penyakit akan turut diteliti melalui kaedah analisis data (content analysis). Pendekatan kaedah-kaedah memastikan yang relevan serta pengaplikasiannya dalam isu ini juga sangat penting untuk diperhalusi bagi memahami bahawa proses setiap keputusan yang diambil tindakan oleh badan berautoriti perlu menepati konsep maqasid dan prinsip utama syariah. Hasil kajian mendapati, kaedah kawalan penularan wabak yang sedang dijalankan oleh kerajaan Malaysia berserta dasar dan polisi yang dikuat kuasakan dalam menangani pandemik yang mengancam nyawa masyarakat adalah bertepatan dengan perintah syarak yang wajib dipatuhi oleh semua pihak.

Turkish and Slovenian health ministries' use of Twitter: a comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydemir Okay ◽  
Pedja Ašanin Gole ◽  
Ayla Okay
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Health Ministries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the health ministries of Turkey and Slovenia use Twitter as government agencies obliged to communicate with the public.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a content analysis methodology to examine how Turkish (TR) and Slovenian (SLO) health ministries use Twitter for informing and encouraging behavior change in the public. A total of 662 “tweets” were analyzed. Drawing on prior studies, a coding scheme was developed and employed, and χ2 and t-tests were conducted for data analysis. Additionally, this study aimed at effecting a content analysis according to the “four models” method of Grunig and Hunt regarding efforts made to build communication with the public.FindingsThis study uncovered that the TR and SLO health ministries did not utilize two-way communication principles for Twitter communication, and their frequency of Twitter use is inadequate.Research limitations/implicationsThe sampled tweets were selected by using a scientific sampling method. However, this might not have been substantial enough to represent the entirety of tweets in the study timeframe. Analyzing tweets across a longer timeframe would be helpful in confirming this study's findings. This study was also limited to two countries and to publicly available tweets; the messages of health ministries' followers to the ministries themselves were not examined. The findings of this study may not be generalizable to other countries. Other potential studies, with a particular focus on this topic, may be able to measure individual perceptions of the credibility and usefulness of messages from health ministries and their willingness to engage in two-way communication.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to evaluate how the health ministries of Turkey and Slovenia communicate on Twitter and to apply the four models of Grunig and Hunt with regard to Twitter. This study also identified that noncompeting government agencies were not minded to communicate with their publics.

scholarly journals Perspectives and Experiences of Policy Makers, Researchers, Health Information Technology Professionals, and the Public on Evidence-Based Health Policies: Protocol for a Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Mallidou ◽  
Dzifa Dordunoo ◽  
Elizabeth Borycki ◽  
Andre Kushniruk ◽  
Kirsten Sadeghi-Yekta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Technology Platforms

BACKGROUND Evidence-based health policy (EBHP) development is critical to the judicious use of public funds. EBHPs increase transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency of policies. Encouraging collaboration between researchers or knowledge producers and policy makers is important because both communities have distinct professional cultures, resulting in them working separately without understanding each other. Knowledge sharing is a complex process that requires understanding of cultural aspects that may reduce cultural differences and increase the use of common language. Health information technology (HIT) is a useful tool to increase knowledge translation, which may result in the transparent use of evidence and networking in developing EBHPs. Our vision is to leverage HIT tools for a better health system that includes digitalized, open source, evidence-based, and transparent ways for collaboration and development of robust mechanisms and for sharing of synthesized evidence with knowledge user–friendly forms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework on Knowledge translation and health Information Technology for Transparency (KhITT) in policy making and EBHPs (ie, the KhITT framework). The framework will be informed by the views of four key stakeholder groups (ie, policy makers, knowledge producers, HIT professionals, and the public) toward EBHP. The informants may also describe practices that demonstrate the EBHP development process and suggest technology platforms to enable this process. METHODS We propose an exploratory, descriptive qualitative study to take place in British Columbia, Canada, using in-depth semistructured interviews. To ensure data saturation and trustworthiness, we will use a nonprobability, purposive snowball sample of up to 15 eligible participants in each of the four stakeholder groups. We will analyze the data using content analysis. RESULTS The KhITT framework focuses on various stakeholders’ perspectives to better understand their perceived needs and priorities in identifying issues with EBHP, in order to make informed recommendations. Ethics approval has been obtained by the harmonized Behavioural Research Ethics Board at the University of British Columbia. We anticipate that we will complete data collection and analysis by December 2020. Preliminary results will be published in summer 2021. CONCLUSIONS Our ultimate goal of this study is to develop a conceptual framework and describe the technology platforms that would enable the EBHP process. We anticipate that our rigorous content analysis will be able to produce insights and themes that are able to address our objectives, contribute to an in-depth understanding of the EBHP process within British Columbia, highlight all influential factors, explicitly disseminate and communicate the study results, identify issues with EBHP and provide informed recommendations to address them, and enhance efforts toward transparent EBHPs. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/16268

scholarly journals Perspectives and Experiences of Policy Makers, Researchers, Health Information Technology Professionals, and the Public on Evidence-Based Health Policies: Protocol for a Qualitative Study

10.2196/16268 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e16268
Author(s):  
Anastasia Mallidou ◽  
Dzifa Dordunoo ◽  
Elizabeth Borycki ◽  
Andre Kushniruk ◽  
Kirsten Sadeghi-Yekta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Technology Platforms

Background Evidence-based health policy (EBHP) development is critical to the judicious use of public funds. EBHPs increase transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency of policies. Encouraging collaboration between researchers or knowledge producers and policy makers is important because both communities have distinct professional cultures, resulting in them working separately without understanding each other. Knowledge sharing is a complex process that requires understanding of cultural aspects that may reduce cultural differences and increase the use of common language. Health information technology (HIT) is a useful tool to increase knowledge translation, which may result in the transparent use of evidence and networking in developing EBHPs. Our vision is to leverage HIT tools for a better health system that includes digitalized, open source, evidence-based, and transparent ways for collaboration and development of robust mechanisms and for sharing of synthesized evidence with knowledge user–friendly forms. Objective The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework on Knowledge translation and health Information Technology for Transparency (KhITT) in policy making and EBHPs (ie, the KhITT framework). The framework will be informed by the views of four key stakeholder groups (ie, policy makers, knowledge producers, HIT professionals, and the public) toward EBHP. The informants may also describe practices that demonstrate the EBHP development process and suggest technology platforms to enable this process. Methods We propose an exploratory, descriptive qualitative study to take place in British Columbia, Canada, using in-depth semistructured interviews. To ensure data saturation and trustworthiness, we will use a nonprobability, purposive snowball sample of up to 15 eligible participants in each of the four stakeholder groups. We will analyze the data using content analysis. Results The KhITT framework focuses on various stakeholders’ perspectives to better understand their perceived needs and priorities in identifying issues with EBHP, in order to make informed recommendations. Ethics approval has been obtained by the harmonized Behavioural Research Ethics Board at the University of British Columbia. We anticipate that we will complete data collection and analysis by December 2020. Preliminary results will be published in summer 2021. Conclusions Our ultimate goal of this study is to develop a conceptual framework and describe the technology platforms that would enable the EBHP process. We anticipate that our rigorous content analysis will be able to produce insights and themes that are able to address our objectives, contribute to an in-depth understanding of the EBHP process within British Columbia, highlight all influential factors, explicitly disseminate and communicate the study results, identify issues with EBHP and provide informed recommendations to address them, and enhance efforts toward transparent EBHPs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16268

scholarly journals Development of a checklist for people communicating evidence-based information about the effects of healthcare interventions: a mixed methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Oxman ◽  
Claire Glenton ◽  
Signe Flottorp ◽  
Simon Lewin ◽  
Sarah Rosenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Consensus Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

ObjectivesTo make informed decisions about healthcare, patients and the public, health professionals and policymakers need information about the effects of interventions. People need information that is based on the best available evidence; that is presented in a complete and unbiased way; and that is relevant, trustworthy and easy to use and to understand. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance and a checklist to those producing and communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions intended to inform decisions about healthcare.DesignTo inform the development of this checklist, we identified research relevant to communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions. We used an iterative, informal consensus process to synthesise our recommendations. We began by discussing and agreeing on some initial recommendations, based on our own experience and research over the past 20–30 years. Subsequent revisions were informed by the literature we examined and feedback. We also compared our recommendations to those made by others. We sought structured feedback from people with relevant expertise, including people who prepare and use information about the effects of interventions for the public, health professionals or policymakers.ResultsWe produced a checklist with 10 recommendations. Three recommendations focus on making it easy to quickly determine the relevance of the information and find the key messages. Five recommendations are about helping the reader understand the size of effects and how sure we are about those estimates. Two recommendations are about helping the reader put information about intervention effects in context and understand if and why the information is trustworthy.ConclusionsThese 10 recommendations summarise lessons we have learnt developing and evaluating ways of helping people to make well-informed decisions by making research evidence more understandable and useful for them. We welcome feedback for how to improve our advice.

Addressing corporate social responsibility in corporations: a content analysis of Amazon's and Walmart's websites

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugce Ertem-Eray
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Corporate Social

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze how Amazon and Walmart, two of the largest global companies, present the balance among their economic, social and environmental activities and construct their identities as good corporate citizens helping to create a sustainable world.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis methodology was applied to the companies' official websites in order to examine their corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework was used to provide coding categories.FindingsThe findings indicate that expectations and pressures from the public may help trigger companies to report their CSR efforts. In addition, this study also indicates that the triple bottom line TBL concept does not fully explain each companies' global CSR efforts.Originality/valueMost CSR studies have analyzed communication in only one country, rather than taking a global view. This study examines how Amazon and Walmart have constructed their identity as global corporate citizens and how they work to communicate their identity globally.

What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ebp Implementation

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.

Housing Inflation: Policy Guidelines from Shariah Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Azrul Azlan Iskandar Mirza ◽  
Asmaddy Haris ◽  
Ainulashikin Marzuki ◽  
Ummi Salwa Ahmad Bustamam ◽  
Hamdi Hakiem Mudasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The soaring housing prices in Malaysia is not a recent issue. It is a global phenomenon especially in developing and developed countries, driven by factors including land price, location, construction materials cost, demand, and speculation. This issue demands immediate attention as it affects the younger generation, most of whom could not afford to buy their own house. The government has taken many initiatives and introduced regulations to ensure that housing prices are within the affordable range. This article aims to introduce a housing price control element from the Shariah perspective, as an alternative solution for all parties involved in this issue. It adopts content analysis methodology on policy from Shariah approved sources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document