Freedom, exit and basic income

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-330
Author(s):  
Stuart White
Keyword(s):  
Basic Income ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Contracts ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Modest Level

According to a ‘republican’ argument, universal basic income increases workers' power to exit employment and so allegedly reduces workers’ vulnerability to domination from this source. However, critics argue that a basic income will have limited impact on exit power, especially if set at a modest level, and that employer domination is anyway built into standard labour contracts independently of workers’ exit power. This chapter acknowledges these criticisms, but argues that we can rescue a republican argument for basic income if we refine it so that it attends to some important but neglected distinctions: between mitigating, reducing and eliminating domination; between a basic income helping, being necessary to, or sufficient for, one or more of these effects; and by recalling that the potential impact of basic income on domination applies not just in the workplace but in other contexts such as the family and in relation to welfare bureaucracy.

scholarly journals Unconditional basic income as an instrument for reducing income inequalities. The case of Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Piotr Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Economics Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
Size And Structure

Unconditional basic income (UBI) is the income allotted to all members of society individually, without the need to work. The right to this income and its level are unconditional and independent of the size and structure of households. In addition, the unconditional income is paid regardless of the income of citizens from other sources. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the UBI, with particular emphasis on the genesis and the effects of introducing this mechanism. The research was based on the analysis of economics literature and empirical results. In the empirical part, the effects of the UBI pilot program implemented in various high and low economically developed countries have been taken into account. In particular, the effects of the Family 500+ program introduced in Poland have been presented, which is widely identified with the UBI program.

Environmental Issues of Perfluorocompounds in the Semiconductor Industry

1996 ◽  
Vol 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
The Family ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Critical Class

AbstractA critical class of semiconductor manufacturing compounds is the family of perfluorocompounds, or PFCs. Originally thought to be environmentally benign compounds, they are likely long-lived atmospheric compounds with high global warming potentials. This paper reviews the options available to industry to reduce PFC emissions. Process optimization, chemical substitution, abatement, and recovery will be discussed as they relate to specific processes. Each will be reviewed with respect to the particular gas affected and the potential impact realized. Collateral environmental impacts will also be discussed. Finally, the voluntary EPA program, the PFC Emission Reduction Partnership for the Semiconductor Industry, will be presented.

Individuals and their families

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Malcolm Torry
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Past Half

This chapter examines the changing family patterns in the UK and argues that a benefits system containing a Citizen's Basic Income would go a long way towards meeting the needs of families and households, now and in the future. It first considers the ways in which households and the family have changed during the past half century, citing the ‘flexible employment market’ which gives rise to ‘whole communities in which it is very difficult to establish and maintain families’, and how a Citizen's Basic Income would enable households to benefit from the economies of scale that they generate. It then discusses the changing role of women and asks what kind of benefits system will most benefit women and enhance individual dignity. Finally, it describes the ways in which women are affected by the current tax and benefits structure and the ways they might be affected by a Citizen's Basic Income.

scholarly journals Scotland’s Progressive Rhetoric: Devolution and Carer’s Allowance

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-413
Author(s):  
Sara Cantillon ◽  
Eleanor Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The Family ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Family Resource ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Social Security Benefits

The Scotland Act 2016 devolved powers over eleven social security benefits (including Carer’s Allowance) providing Scotland with some, albeit limited, opportunity to differentiate itself in terms of welfare policy progressivity. The Carers (Scotland) Act 2016 set out the strategy for supporting those who limit their employment or educational enrolment due to the responsibility of caring for an adult or child with a health condition. Using a microsimulation of Scottish data from the Family Resource Survey, this article explores the potential impact, on income and poverty rates of carer households, of raising the level of CA by various amounts and by changing the eligibility criteria. It concludes that, while the Scottish Government’s ambitions are too modest to fully support their progressive rhetoric, or to change the overall income inequality landscape, the reforms in targeted policy do make a substantial difference to the lived experience to carers in poverty and, by extension, to the receipt of that care.

The Family Assistance Plan and the End of Work

No More Work ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Family Assistance ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Donald Rumsfeld ◽  
Positive Effect

This chapter describes the US Congress’s attempts to pass a universal basic income scheme in 1970. It details the work of Nixon Administration operatives, Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney, to accomplish this effort. It describes the sociological experiments that proved that decoupling income from work actually had a positive effect.

Considerations for Touch and Massage in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Browne
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Developmental Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Impact

AN EXPANDING BODY OF research has documented the short-term advantages of gentle touch and massage for healthy term infants and some growing and medically stable preterm infants. These findings have provided the impetus for extension of massage techniques to very small, fragile newborns, promoting the utilization of new personnel in NICUs specifically to provide massage therapy for newborns. It is important, before engaging in these approaches, for professionals in the NICU to consider the potential impact of massage on the infant and the family. It is also imperative that professionals in the NICU take into account the current growing knowledge base regarding developmental care and the implications for decision making regarding provision of stimuli of any sort to fragile, sick newborns in the NICU.

scholarly journals Unsettling the Household: Act VI (of 1901) and the Regulation of Women Migrants in Colonial Bengal

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (S4) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samita Sen
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Age Of Consent ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Contracts

The advent of capitalism has traditionally been associated with a transformation of the economic and political functioning of the family. Capital is presumed to weaken, certainly to modify, gender and age hierarchies by undermining the productive role of the household. The labour market takes over the organization of work and age of consent legislations undermine parental authority in order to create the new legal subject capable of entering “free” labour contracts. The family, though it remains outside the norms of capitalism, primarily undertakes the physical and social reproduction of labour within the capitalist sphere. Such a transformation of the “family” is, however, not inevitable. In nine-teenth-century India the colonial state, though avowedly committed to a free market in labour, in practice often upheld familial claims on women's labour and sexuality. As a result, gender and generational controls within the family were enhanced rather than weakened.

scholarly journals A Review on Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy by Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Calsamiglia ◽  
Sabine Flamand
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Current Transfer ◽  
Income Policy ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Potential Impact

In order to clarify the potential impact of a basic income, we argue that any discussion on whether to adopt a basic income policy should be framed within the greater context of the transfer system as a whole. In particular, such discussion should consider separately the issues of (i) the desired income distribution to be achieved and (ii) the most efficient way of achieving it through a transfer system. Further, we stress the importance of the non-take-up phenomenon in current transfer systems and discuss the potential necessity of a basic income policy in the age of automation. (JEL D31, I32, I38)

scholarly journals Parents under Lockdown: the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Biffi ◽  
Maria Benedetta Gambacorti-Passerini ◽  
Daniela Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Impact

This paper explores aspects of parenting during COVID-19 lockdown, analyzing the international literature and presenting a study conducted in Italy during the initial period of social isolation (March-May 2020). The pandemic has made childcare challenging for parents globally, compromising the well-being and mental health of caregivers themselves (Brooks et al., 2020), and creating a potentially highly vulnerable situation for children (Gromada, Richardson, Rees, 2020). The COVID-19 emergency and the restrictions it has entailed bear short- and long-term implications for families, including the potential impact of delaying implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations, 2015) and increased risk of children witnessing or experiencing violence and abuse (End Violence Against Children, 2020). Given this background, we investigated the family ecosystem, exploring both individual and parental factors in parents’ relationships with their children, during lockdown.

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