Dignity, self-respect and real poverty in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Christian Neuhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Do So

Many people seem to believe that absolute poverty is very serious, a violation of human dignity even, while relative poverty is not. Against this assumption, I will defend the claim that both, absolute and relative poverty, are degrading. I will do so by connecting dignity with a certain understanding of self-respect that rests on the ability to take care of oneself in basic matters of life as well as the ability to see and present oneself as a respect-worthy member of one’s society. Absolute poverty threatens the ability to take care of oneself in basic matters of life. Relative poverty threatens the ability to present and see oneself as a respect-worthy member of one’s society. The consequence of this argument is that relative poverty is also serious and real poverty in the sense that relatively poor people lack what is needed to live in dignity. It is closer to absolute poverty then commonly assumed. Relating absolute as well as relative poverty to dignity and self-respect shows that serious poverty is not only a problem for very poor societies in what is called the developing world, but also prevalent in the wealthier regions of Europe.

scholarly journals Poverty as the impact of the COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanto Limbong ◽  
Senada Siallagan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Single View ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

This is an ethnography study which aimed to find out the real condition of poverty in Indonesia. Preliminary study showed that there are massive social impacts in the new normal due to COVID-19. There are three kinds of poverty that can be seen in real terms namely extreme poverty, absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Moreover, when viewed from the biblical approach, there are two words used that helped us in our  research on poverty, namely "race” = “poor people" and "dal” which is more translated as “weaker” than “poor”. The Bible does not state a single view on poverty but mentioned some Bible passages. The first is idleness poverty. This poverty is caused by laziness or negligence over personal responsibility to look for means to meet needs. The Bible uses ants as an opposite example of laziness in the book of Proverbs 6:6. The second is theodise poverty. This poverty is illustrated by Job who was stripped off of his riches, yet he was able to accept and embrace whatever the Lord gave to him. 

scholarly journals Reconceptualising poverty in Europe: exclusion, marginality and absolute poverty reframed through participatory relational space

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Lena Dominelli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Relational Space ◽  
New Policies

This chapter argues that monetarised conceptualisations of poverty cannot address the multiple complexities of poverty because these focus on individual behaviour, and ignore its multiple aspects including its relationality, emotionality, social exclusion, and structural forms of inequality. By exploring the conceptual limitations of absolute and relative poverty, this chapter reconceptualises poverty holistically within participatory relational space, uncovering its relational dimensions involving self-fulfilment, agency, and realisation of welfare entitlements rooted in universal human rights not nation-state-based citizenship. It situates poverty within participatory relational space which combines action within domestic relational space and public relational space to transcend concepts that portray poor people as passive objects of policymakers. This chapter also contends that the nation-state has ‘a duty of care’ towards those residing within its borders that requires tackling structural inequalities and 21st century realities on the European continent. Addressing the structural welfare needs of both citizens and non-citizens will strengthen social solidarity and endorse new policies and practices to eradicate poverty in Europe.

scholarly journals The Study on Poverty Reduction Effects of Chinese Urban Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System—Empirical Analysis Based on CHIP 2002 and 2007

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Chen Zongsheng ◽  
Wen Wen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Guarantee System ◽  
Poverty Lines

The Chinese urban minimum living-standard guarantee system, mainly functions to guarantee the poor people to have minimum living-standard life; at same time it can make some people to get rid of poverty by some poverty lines. But how much of the rates can be reduced? What differences among provinces, and what impact on all kind of families? The paper tries to answer these questions by using Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) 2002 and 2007, taking international poverty line, minimum living standard line, Martin’s poverty line and relative poverty line respectively to measure the poverty reduction impact of urban minimum living standard guarantee. On the whole, the urban minimum living standard guarantee is effective to alleviate absolute poverty and even part of relative poverty. For example, taking international poverty line as standard, in 2002 the urban minimum living guarantee respectively decreased absolute poverty rate, poverty gap and squared poverty gap of national urban area by 4.58%, 11.41% and 16.32%, while in 2007 decreased respectively by 47.24%, 70.87% and 83.04%. Taking relative poverty line as standard, in 2002 respectively poverty rate, poverty gap and squared poverty gap of national urban area decreased by 1.92%, 4.65% and 8.37%, while in 2007 the 3 indices reached by 3.28%, 11.63% and 22.57% respectively, but which are lower than by international poverty line. On the whole, according to different poverty lines and indices, the urban citizen in different provinces and families gained different poverty reduction effects brought by the urban minimum living standard guarantee.

“As Slow as a Tortoise, and as Clever as a Hare.” Folktales as Lessons on Democracy, Equal Opportunities, and Human Rights among the Ndebele

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindiwe Ndlovu ◽  
Faith Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
Do So

Indigenous African societies have, for a long time, been using their knowledge for the betterment of their lives. They have also demonstrated an ability to manipulate their immediate or remote surroundings to live sustainably. Those who claim to fight for equal and human rights in Africa do so under the misconception that they, and the developing world, have historically and inherently violated, and continue to violate, human rights in numerous ways. While this might not be completely dismissed, there is a plethora of evidence from African folktales to demonstrate that Africans have not only respected human rights, but have also encouraged equal opportunities for every member of their society. This article cross-examines Ndebele folktales with the intention of demonstrating that African indigenous knowledge exhibited through folktales was a well-organised system, which ensured respect for human rights for all members, regardless of their physical or social stature. Central to this discussion are the folktales which focus on the role played by the vulnerable members of the animal community, who replicate their human counterparts. Folktales are unarguably a creation by the indigenes and emanate from their socio-political experiences, as well as their observations of the surroundings. This suggests that indigenous people already had an idea about human rights as well as the need for equal opportunities since time immemorial. 

The Ethics of Nurse Poaching from the Developing World

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A Singh ◽  
Busi Nkala ◽  
Eric Amuah ◽  
Nalin Mehta ◽  
Aasim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Do So

Recruiting nurses from other countries is a long-standing practice. In recent years many countries in the developed world have more frequently recruited nurses from the developing world, causing an imbalance in the health services in often already impoverished countries. Despite guidelines and promises by developed countries that the practice should cease, it has largely failed to do so. A consortium of authors from countries that have experienced significant nurse poaching consider the ethical aspects behind this continuing practice.

Mutiny and Leadership

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Grint
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
The Masses

Mutiny is often associated with the occasional mis-leadership of the masses by politically inspired hotheads or a spontaneous and unusually romantic gesture of defiance against a uniquely overbearing military superior. In reality it is seldom either, and usually it has far more mundane roots, not in the absolute poverty of the subordinates but in the relative poverty of the relationships between leaders and led in a military situation. Using contemporary leadership theory to cast a critical light on an array of mutinies across time and space, this book suggests we consider mutiny as a permanent possibility that is further encouraged or discouraged by particular contexts. What turns discontent into mutiny, however, lies in the leadership skills of a small number of leaders, and what transforms that into a constructive dialogue or a catastrophic disaster depends on how the leaders of both sides mobilize their supporters and their networks. From mutinies in ancient Roman and Greek armies through those that were generated by uncaring European monarchs and those that toppled the German and Russian states—and those that forced governments to face their own disastrous policies and changed them forever—this book covers an array of cases across land, sea, and air that still pose a threat to military establishments today.

scholarly journals Mekanisme Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Proses Penyadapan dilihat dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)

JURNAL BELO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ingelyne Nussy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT Recognition and protection of a guarantee of human dignity to earn a respectable place in the eyes of the law and government. Related to the interests of law enforcement, the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for the purpose of wiretapping evidence in court, while will protecting the privacyrights of suspects. Legal protections for the accused to be seen as matter of law adopted. Therefore, the protection of the privacy rights of a person to be seen in the investigation process. For the Commission to conduct wiretaps should see privacy rights as stipulated in the law and the government should establish a special set of rules that intercepts, thus providing the possibility for law enforcement has the authority to do so does not conflict with human rights.

scholarly journals New Patterns in China’s Rural Poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-240
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Peng Zhan ◽  
Yangyang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Chip Data ◽  
Positive Effects

The purpose of this chapter is to understand the structure of rural poverty in China. On the basis of CHIP data for 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, and 2013, the authors analyze poverty trends and the structure of poverty, comparing the recent period to earlier periods. Factors that raise household income, factors that reduce the need for household expenditures, and other factors related to China’s poverty alleviation goals are considered. The analysis finds that although the absolute poverty rate continued to decline, the poverty gap and relative poverty increased after 2007. An analysis of the reasons for poverty reveals some positive effects of the rural social welfare policies; however, health problems among the elderly, among children below the age of 15, and among disabled adults continued to be a key source of poverty.

Making Class: Children's Perceptions of Social Class through Illustrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Adam Howard ◽  
Katy Swalwell ◽  
Karlyn Adler
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Rich ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Background Context ◽  
Do So

Background/Context Though there has been attention to how class differences impact children's experiences in schools and how young people perceive racial and gender differences, very little research to date has examined how young people make sense of social class differences. Purpose In this article, the authors examine young children's conceptualizations of differences between the rich and the poor to better understand children's process of classmaking. Research Design To access young children's ideas about social class, the authors examined kindergartners’, third graders’, and sixth graders’ (N = 133) drawings depicting differences between rich and poor people and their corresponding explanations of their drawings. These children attended two schools, one public serving a majority working- class population, and one private serving a majority affluent population. Findings/Results Children understand social class to be inclusive emotions, social distinctions, and social status. Children's drawings and explanations show that perpetuated ideology-justifying status quo of poverty and economic inequality. Children have complex sociocultural insights into how social class operates that manifest themselves through four domains: material, intersectional, emotional, and spatial. Conclusions/Recommendations Educators should provide more opportunities for teaching about social class, and can do so in ways that engages students in processes of classmaking that do not reinforce stereotypes and that interrupts inequality.

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