Imagine …

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Malcolm Torry
Keyword(s):  
Basic Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Child Benefit

This chapter asks the reader to imagine some representative people trying to cope with the UK's tax and benefits system, and then to imagine themselves creating a tax and benefits system in a country without one. In the first scenario, inflation is low, forcing the government to print some extra money and to give equal amounts to every citizen. People who had been on means-tested Jobseeker's Allowance are now on lower amounts of it. They all want to support themselves and their families and to contribute to society, but the only income that they can rely on is Child Benefit. In the second scenario, everyone is given a Citizen's Basic Income with all the positive changes it would bring to households, relationships, wages, or hours of employment. The chapter concludes by proposing an ideal tax and benefits structure whose requirements conform to the idea of a Citizen's Basic Income.

scholarly journals Indonesian Economic Policy Universal Basic Income During the Covid-19 Pandemic for National Defense

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yulivan
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the government to carry out social assistance programs. The purpose of this study is to analyze Universal Basic Income as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic which can simultaneously strengthen economic defenses in Indonesia as a form of peace dividends. This research uses the literature study method to previous relevant research strategy theory by identifying ends, ways, and means. The results of this study support universal basic income as a policy (ways) to deal with the crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic. UBI can provide an increase in Indonesia's economic growth and empower Indonesian people to be better prepared to face risks, which will lead people to innovate more. UBI can also strengthen the defense economy in Indonesia because by reducing poverty, unemployment and social inequality, the crime rate caused by the economy will decrease, human resources will increase, and community relations will be stronger (ends). The resources (Means) needed to implement UBI in Indonesia are the budget, existing regulations, human resources (HR), and the latest Indonesia’s population data.

scholarly journals Basic Income—an early Icelandic experiment**

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Johannes Karlsson ◽  
Thorolfur Matthiasson
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Tax Allowance ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Role Of The Government

Abstract Old age, illness, and/or physical and/or mental disabilities may limit the ability of an individual to generate enough income to cover basic costs of living. Most developed nations provide financial assistance to persons with limited abilities. In 1974, an Icelandic government passed an act of law providing a tax credit, payable to taxpayers under certain conditions. The tax allowance was applied first to settle the taxes and public levies owed by the taxpayer, with any amount remaining paid out to the individual. This system can be seen as a first, limited attempt at establishing a partial universal basic income of sorts. This social interaction between stakeholders on how to share the tax revenue between the taxpayers led to a government crisis. The shareholders in this partial universal basic income system, the state and municipalities, the old age community, the trade unions, and the employers all have different financial and political interests and were affected by this reform. The lesson is that a basic income would need strong supporters if implemented, where the role of the government and/or the parliament would be mapped. Its supporters must be able to withstand the pressure from the social partners in the labor market because of the interactivity of the social security system and the pension fund system, which is not a part of the fiscal system in Iceland. The conflict of interests becomes apparent.

scholarly journals ACCELERATED AUTOMATION AND THE ECOSYSTEM OF ADAPTATION TO THE CHANGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
QUJI BICHIA
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
The Government

The spread of the pandemic has further accelerated the already accelerated process of automation, as it reduces all interactions and helps social distancing, as it was advised to combat the virus. Automation is proceeding at a very fast pace in many sectors of the economy and creating the need for countries to respond to these new challenges at the level of national economic strategy. The new challenge has changed the attitudes of not only manufacturers but also consumers and given them additional impetus to the using robots and artificial intelligence. During this period, those, who are the first to be able to switch to online sales, reduce the need for communication with employees and increase the level of automation, will be able to gain an advantage. Because of this, there is a danger that after the pandemic ends, some of those currently temporarily unemployed will not be able to return to work and will need to adapt to the new reality. In the light of such changes, it is important to identify areas of declining and growing sectors of labor demand and to prepare the population for change to prevent technological unemployment. As it turns out, technological skills and social skills are becoming increasingly demanded, while physical and basic cognitive skills are on the decline. In order to adapt to a new reality, firms have a choice of retraining old employees, redeploying them to different sets of tasks, hiring individuals with skills that are increasingly needed, contracting specialists outside the company (freelancers) and releasing employees that do not fit the new paradigm of business models. Automation involves the disappearance of a large proportion of low-skilled occupations, leading to a critical role for education in employment. It is therefore important for the government to establish a strategic position on higher and professional education, which will be based on a long-term plan for the structural transformation of the workforce. Automation may be used as an opportunity if a productive ecosystem is established and all stakeholders get actively involved in the process of adjusting to the new reality. For that it is necessary to form an overall ecosystem of stakeholders, which should contain employers at the center and different supporting institutions around them. The ecosystem should consist of labor agencies that help individuals find new jobs, retrain and get some benefits. Educational institutions play a crucial role in devising courses and specializations that fit an exact position that is in demand in some companies. Industry associations and non-profit organizations also need to be coordinated with companies to expand this ecosystem. Combined effort of all these five groups of stakeholders can manage to overcome the looming challenge of rapid unemployment growth and wide skill mismatch. If a society fail to coordinate in the ecosystem, the aftermath will be devastating and income inequality will be amplified. One solution to that is thought to be universal basic income (UBI) but so far it doesn’t seem feasible and cannot be relied on. Adapting society to a change instead of giving out basic income seems to address the problem better and not just on a surface.

Basic income in Europe will face increasing scrutiny

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Five Star Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Single Instrument

Subject Universal basic income in Europe. Significance The appeal of universal basic income (UBI) programmes, which aim to give citizens 'free money' without conditions, has risen in recent years in the face of growing job insecurity as well as persistent social and economic inequality. UBI schemes are, however, falling short of aspirations largely due to costs and the difficulty of meeting targets. Impacts As Italy’s UBI is a flagship policy of the co-governing Five Star Movement (M5S), its future looks uncertain if the government collapses. Italy’s experience will highlight the difficulties of combating poverty and strengthening the labour force with a single instrument. Despite mixed results so far, trials of the scheme will continue to hold appeal, albeit in limited or 'UBI-lite' forms.

scholarly journals The National Front Against Poverty: The Struggle for Income Redistribution

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ernesto Campos
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
National Front ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Government

<p>This article describes the campaign developed by unions, human rights organisations and other social movements in Argentina at the end of the 1990s in order to push the government to implement measures to eliminate poverty and extreme poverty. It also refers to the results of this campaign in the following years, highlighting not only its direct impact but also its indirect consequences in the medium term, in particular on the public debates related to the social policies implemented by the new centre–left government since 2003. This campaign, popularly known as FRENAPO (National Front Against Poverty), was organised in the context of the implementation of neo-liberal macroeconomic policies in Argentina, which led the country to the biggest crisis in its history at the end of 2001. The members of the campaign proposed a package of economic and social measures oriented to unemployed workers (a basic income grant plus a professional education scheme), to the children and to the elderly (a basic income grant for both). The proposal was supported in a referendum by more than three million people all over the country during December 2001, but it was not considered by the Parliament. Although the alliance that supported FRENAPO eventually crumbled, the campaign was successful in its objective of influencing the public debates on how to respond to poverty and extreme poverty. Several measures implemented by the new centre–left government since 2003 were inspired by those debates, particularly those aimed at guaranteeing an income for children and the elderly. This article analyses the context of the campaign, identifies its concrete goals, origins and members, and explains how FRENAPO built power in order to achieve those objectives. Finally, it addresses the main consequences of FRENAPO, both in the short and long term, and highlights its lessons for future campaigns.</p>

scholarly journals UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME AS A FOUNDATION OF HAPPINESS-ORIENTED ECONOMIC POLICY OF A CONTEMPORARY STATE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman PURII ◽  
◽  
Mariya FLEYCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Social Discomfort ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Social Order

The contemporary capitalistic social order has reached its apogee and starts to decline. COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic and financial problems. Digitalization of production processes, automation and robotization of production leads to the elimination of jobs, and hence, to a reduction of the tax base that leads to the destruction of existing institutions of social security. Universal Basic Income or Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) as a way of distribution of public goods and a form of social welfare has been considered in recent decades as the foundation for a social component of a new social order. We interpret UBI in terms of the Ukrainian citizens’ happiness. The main task of the government in this respect is to eliminate factors of social discomfort in citizens’ lives. UBI as a passive income provides a citizen with the feeling of dignity, creates favourable conditions for self-accomplishment, strengthens national identity, provides economy and the Ukrainian commodity producers with solvent customers. The Single Digital Fiscal Accounting Payment System (SDFAPS) is introduced as a tool for UBI implementation; it elimination corruption and serves as a foundation for a new social justice. Keywords: Universal Basic Income (UBI), happiness, a new social order, Single Digital Fiscal Accounting Payment System (SDFAPS).

scholarly journals Can Computers Automate Welfare?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Karl Kristian Larsson ◽  
Marit Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Systems ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Child Benefits ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benefit System ◽  
Child Benefit

Information-driven automated systems that deliver services proactively to citizens in need are heralded as the next level of digital government. There is, however, concern that such systems make welfare services less accessible to some citizens. This study uses the case of Norway’s child benefit system to discuss the general obstacles to having welfare policies implemented by proactive digital systems. Norway’s automated child benefit system uses data from Norway’s national resident register to award this benefit to eligible parents whom the system identifies. As such, it is representative of many government systems that use registry data to perform tasks previously done by caseworkers. While the eligibility rules for child benefits are simple, and the register has sufficient data to automate most cases, many parents are not awarded the benefit automatically. This article argues that when developing automated digital services, public administrators are faced with a trilemma. Ideally, proactive automation should be (1) precise in its delivery, (2) inclusive of all citizens, and (3) still support welfare-oriented policies that are independent of the requirements of the digital system. However, limitations with each requirement prevent all three from being realized at the same time. Only two can be simultaneously realized: a public administrator must decide which of them to forego. Consequently, automated services cannot meet all the expectations of policymakers regarding the benefits of digital government. Instead, governments need to find ways of utilizing the benefits of public digitalisation without infringing on citizens’ right to be treated equally and fairly by the government.

COVID-19 lockdown will deepen India’s rifts

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
The Government ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
The Right

Subject Impact of India's COVID-19 lockdown. Significance Prime Minister Narendra Modi today extended India’s COVID-19 lockdown to May 3. Police have frequently resorted to heavy-handed tactics to enforce restrictions on movement, and the lockdown has left millions unable to earn a daily wage. Impacts Modi will aim to assert his credentials as a global leader by encouraging greater international cooperation in handling the pandemic. Even after curbs on movement are lifted, the government will likely cite public health concerns to restrict the right to protest. There will be growing calls for a universal basic income.

Administrative efficiency

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Malcolm Torry
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Insurance Benefits ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Administrative Efficiency ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
Child Benefit

This chapter discusses the ways in which a Citizen's Basic Income would translate into a benefits system that is coherent, simple to administer, and avoids error and fraud compared to means-tested benefits. It argues that the current tax and benefits structure does not fit together, with different sets of rules for means-tested benefits, National Insurance benefits, Income Tax, National Insurance Contributions, and universal benefits such as Child Benefit. The current tax and benefits structure is also not simple to administer, and the chapter elaborates on why the regulations for a Citizen's Basic Income would not cause problems for the administration of any other parts of the system, and therefore would make a good basis for a future benefits and tax structure. Finally, it explains why and how a Citizen's Basic Income would reduce administrative error, fraud and criminalisation.

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