Risedronate for the Prevention and Treatment of Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Oral Bisphosphonate ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Corticosteroid Osteoporosis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of risedronate in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–February 2001). Key search terms included risedronate, corticosteroid, osteoporosis, and bisphosphonate. DATA SYNTHESIS: Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CIO) is clinically challenging and can lead to fractures. Risedronate, an oral bisphosphonate, has been studied for use in CIO. Trials focusing on the use of risedronate in these patients were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Risedronate 5 mg/d increased bone mineral density at lumbar, femoral neck, and trochanter skeletal sites in patients recently initiated on or receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. Further investigation is needed to determine risedronate's effects on fracture prevention. The drug was well tolerated.

Use of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Laird ◽  
Barry E Gidal
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
First Line ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Favorable Safety

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature was identified through MEDLINE (from 1990 to October 1999). Key search terms were gabapentin and pain. DATA SYNTHESIS: Neuropathic pain can be a problematic, chronic syndrome that is frequently refractory to current drug treatments. Gabapentin is a newer generation antiepileptic drug that is commonly used in treatment of neuropathic pain. An evaluation of clinical trials using gabapentin to treat neuropathic pain was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin appears to be effective in treating various neuropathic pain disorders. Gabapentin may have advantages over current therapies, such as a favorable safety profile and lack of drug interactions; however, cost issues and limited experience may limit the use of gabapentin as a first-line option.

Safety of Selegiline with Cold Medications

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeena E Jacob ◽  
Mary L Wagner ◽  
Jacob I Sage
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Interaction Potential ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Clinical Literature

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of the coadministration of selegiline with cold medications. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE(1965–September 2002), IPA database, and Drug-Reax System. The following search terms were used: selegiline, pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, MAOI, and drug interactions. Somerset Pharmaceuticals, the marketers of Eldepryl (selegiline HCI), were also contacted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite a warning against its concomitant use with pseudoephedrine and dextromethorphan, interactions with selegiline have not been reported. However, there have been reports of patients experiencing adverse events with related agents. CONCLUSIONS: Patients taking selegiline should try to avoid pseudoephedrine and dextromethorphan or use drugs without interaction potential. If selegiline is used with these medications, watch for adverse events or replace selegiline with another drug.

The Role of Immunomodulators and Biologics in the Medical Management of Stricturing Crohn’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Rodríguez-Lago ◽  
Javier P Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Endoscopic Balloon Dilation ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Endoscopic Balloon

Abstract Crohn’s disease is a progressive and disabling inflammatory disease involving the gastrointestinal tract. It usually produces inflammatory lesions in the ileocolonic region, but up to half of patients will also develop complications such as strictures in the long term. Indeed, a proportion of patients have progression of the disease with the development of stricturing lesions because there are no drugs that effectively prevent or reverse established fibrosis, and hence these patients are usually treated with surgery or endoscopic balloon dilation. Fibrotic lesions are always associated with some degree of inflammatory changes, but there is little evidence supporting the use of medical therapy in this context. Here, we discuss the most important findings on the possible use of immunomodulators or biologics in the prevention and treatment of intestinal strictures in Crohn’s disease patients. Recent evidence demonstrates that these drugs may also be effective in treating lesions with high levels of collagen deposition, and thus might, at least in some patients, reduce the progression of the disease and bowel damage, and further avoid the need for surgery and a disabling course in the long term.

Bismuth Subgallate–Epinephrine Paste in Adenotonsillectomies

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy C Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Science Citation Index ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Bismuth Subgallate ◽  
Minimal Evidence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of bismuth subgallate–epinephrine (BSE) paste as a hemostatic in adenotonsillectomies. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (January 1966–October 1999) and Current Contents (January 1997–October 1999) were searched, using bismuth subgallate, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and adenotonsillectomy as search terms. A citation search was performed using Science Citation Index (January 1977–October 1999). DATA SYNTHESIS: Adenotonsillectomies are common procedures; although there are few complications, hemorrhage is a concern. Bismuth subgallate has historically been used as an astringent and hemostatic. An evaluation of studies of bismuth subgallate and BSE paste was conducted. CONCLUSIONS: There is minimal evidence to support this practice, but data suggest that epinephrine may be the active ingredient in BSE paste. BSE paste is inexpensive, poses little risk, and may decrease postoperative bleeding; therefore, it may be a reasonable hemostatic agent.

Prevention and management of type II diabetes chronic complications: the role of polyphenols (Mini-Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Pani ◽  
Francesco Baratta ◽  
Daniele Pastori ◽  
Mattia Coronati ◽  
Francesco Scaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Ischemic Events

: The numerous complications of diabetes may be at least in part generated by the oxidative stress associated with the constant state of hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are plant based secondary metabolites that have high potentials in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, in particular those that involve oxidative stress, such as complications of diabetes. The purpose of this narrative review is to show the main evidence regarding the role of polyphenols in treating and preventing these complications. For the bibliographic research, the papers published up to March 15, 2021 were considered and the search terms included words relating to polyphenols, their classes and some more known compounds, in association with the complications of diabetes. There are numerous studies showing how polyphenols are active against endothelial damage induced by diabetes, oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory states that are at the origin of the complications of diabetes. Compounds such as flavonoids, but also anthocyanins, stilbenes or lignans slow the progression of kidney damage, prevent ischemic events and diabetic nephropathy. Many of these studies are preclinical, in cellular or animal models. The role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications is undoubtedly promising. However, more clinical trials need to be implemented to understand the real effectiveness of these compounds.

Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Solution for Acute Myocardial Infarction

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L Janiger ◽  
Judy WM Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–October 2001) database, using the search terms glucose, insulin, potassium, and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant English-language human studies and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most studies that have investigated the use of GIK in AMI have been from the prethrombolytic era. Although most data trended toward favoring GIK in improving mortality and morbidity of AMI, the Polish GIK study was terminated prematurely because of an increase in mortality in patients treated with GIK. Dosage, duration of treatment, and route of administration of GIK varied among studies. CONCLUSIONS: Until results from larger-scale studies become available, the routine use of GIK infusion in AMI patients is not recommended.

scholarly journals Postnatal Corticosteroids for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lung Disease in the Preterm Newborn

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Gupta ◽  
Kaninghat Prasanth ◽  
Chung-Ming Chen ◽  
Tsu F. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Reactive Airway Disease ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Harmful Effects

Despite significant progress in the treatment of preterm neonates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be a major cause of neonatal morbidity. Affected infants suffered from long-term pulmonary and nonpulmonary sequel. The pulmonary sequels include reactive airway disease and asthma during childhood and adolescence. Nonpulmonary sequels include poor coordination and muscle tone, difficulty in walking, vision and hearing problems, delayed cognitive development, and poor academic achievement. As inflammation seems to be a primary mediator of injury in pathogenesis of BPD, role of steroids as antiinflammatory agent has been extensively studied and proven to be efficacious in management. However, evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding other glucocorticoid doses and preparations. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effects of steroid. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate these studies in order to elucidate the beneficial and harmful effects of steroid on the prevention and treatment of BPD.

Treatment of Listeriosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Temple ◽  
Milap C Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Food Borne Illness

OBJECTIVE: To review the most currently accepted treatment options for the treatment of listeriosis. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–October 1999). Key search terms included Li steria monocytogenes, food-borne illness, penicillins, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and vancomycin. DATA SYNTHESIS: Listeriosis is mainly a food-borne illness caused by L. monocytogenes;people most prone to the disease are pregnant women, newborns, elderly, and those with HIV or other diseases compromising immunity. Listeria infections are associated with a high mortality rate, and thus effective antibiotic treatment is essential. Although a variety of antibiotics have activity against the organism, ampicillin alone or in combination with gentamicin remains the treatment of choice. Some patients may require alternative therapies due to allergies or certain disease states. Second-line agents for these cases include trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, vancomycin, and the fluoroquinolones. Cephalosporins are not active against Listeria. CONCLUSIONS: Ampicillin is currently the drug of choice for treating L. monocytogenes infections. Many antibiotics have been shown to be effective and are used as second-line agents. However, further study is required for some of the most recently introduced antibiotics, such as the fluoroquinolones, to determine their place in the treatment of Listeriainfections.

Atypical Femur Fracture in the Setting of Long-Term Bisphosphonate use for Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Parker J. Prusick ◽  
Steven D. Jones Jr. ◽  
Jesse Roberts ◽  
Nathan Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Femur Fracture ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Research ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Atypical Femur Fractures ◽  
Impending Fracture

Bisphosphonate (BP) therapy for moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has become a mainstay of treatment in the last three decades. Given the significant improvements in bone mineral density and theoretical reductions in fracture risk, many patients are treated with bisphosphonates for prolonged periods of time. There currently lacks consensus in the optimal duration of BP therapy for patients with OI, and patients are often treated on a case-by-case basis. Long-term BP therapy has been associated with atypical femur fractures in adult patients treated for osteoporosis. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research concluded that the median duration of BP therapy in patients with atypical femur fractures was 7 years. The role of long-term BP therapy in OI patients with atypical femur fractures remains unclear. Here, a case report is presented of an adolescent patient with type V OI that sustained a subtrochanteric femur fracture with features of an atypical pattern following treatment with intravenous pamidronate for 10.5 years. At the time of injury, the contralateral femur was also found to have atypical features suggestive of an impending fracture. The completed fracture was treated with closed reduction and cephalomedullary nail fixation. The impending fracture was prophylactically stabilized using the same technique. Prior to the injury, limb-length radiographs obtained to evaluate lower extremity alignment demonstrated features of an impending fracture but went unnoticed. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of long-term BP therapy in patients with OI suffering from atypical femur fractures.

Pharmacokinetics of levodopa and personalized therapy in Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
A. A. TAPPAKHOV ◽  
◽  
T. E. POPOVA ◽  
T. G. GOVOROVA ◽  
Yu. I. KHABAROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Personalized Therapy ◽  
Motor Fluctuations ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Type B ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The article provides a review of the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and personalized therapy for Parkinson’s disease. We analyzed the methods used to prolong the action of levodopa using peripheral inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors. The influence of levodopa metabolites with their own biological activity in the possible progression of the disease is emphasized. The role of determining the concentration of levodopa in blood plasma is discussed, as well as the concept of «continuous dopamine stimulation» for the prevention and treatment of side effects of long-term levodopa therapy, such as drug dyskinesias, motor and non-motor fluctuations. The article also provides an overview of the modern forms of levodopa that are currently being investigated.

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