Social Connections Among Siblings With and Without Intellectual Disability or Autism

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Hilary E. Travers ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Carlton ◽  
Erik W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Quality Relationships

Abstract Although the significance of sibling relationships is widely affirmed, little is known about these relationships in young adulthood. In this study, we examined the experiences and perspectives of 155 siblings (ages 18–30) of individuals with intellectual disability or autism. Our focus was on how young adults spend time with their brother or sister with a disability, the ways in which they view their relationship, and the expectations they hold for the future. We found that most siblings spent time together engaging in a wide range of activities, described their relationships as of high quality, and held varied expectations regarding their brother's or sister's future. Several factors were associated with more time spent together and higher quality relationships. We address implications for practice and suggest future directions for research.

Comprehensive Assessment of Individuals With Significant Levels of Intellectual Disability: Challenges, Strategies, and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-448
Author(s):  
Charlotte DiStefano ◽  
Anjali Sadhwani ◽  
Anne C. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Behavioral Assessments ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
True Ability

Abstract The variety and extent of impairments in individuals with severe-profound levels of intellectual disability (ID) impact their ability to complete valid behavioral assessments. Although standardized assessment is crucial for objectively evaluating patients, many individuals with severe-profound levels of ID perform at the floor of most assessments designed for their chronological age. Additionally, the presence of language and motor impairments may influence the individual's ability to perform a task, even when that task is meant to measure an unrelated construct leading to an underestimation of their true ability. This article provides an overview of the assessment protocols used by multiple groups working with individuals with severe-profound levels of ID, discusses considerations for obtaining high-quality assessment results, and suggests guidelines for standardizing these protocols across the field.

scholarly journals Older People and Social Connectedness: How Place and Activities Keep People Engaged

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene H. Yen ◽  
Janet K. Shim ◽  
Airin D. Martinez ◽  
Judith C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future

To understand how older adults perceive and navigate their neighborhoods, we examined the implications of activity in their neighborhoods for their health. We interviewed 38 adults (ages 62–85) who lived in San Francisco or Oakland, California. Seven key themes emerged: (1) people express a wide range of expectations for neighborliness, from “we do not bother each other” to “we have keys to each other’s houses”, (2) social distance between “other” people impede a sense of connection, (3) ethnic differences in living arrangements affect activities and activity locations, (4) people try to stay busy, (5) people able to leave their homes do many activities outside their immediate residential neighborhoods, (6) access to a car is a necessity for most, and (7) it is unusual to plan for the future when mobility might become limited. Multiple locations influence older adults’ health, including residential neighborhoods. Older adults value mobility, active lives, and social connections.

scholarly journals Application of genetics and genomics to aquaculture development: current and future directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (S1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McANDREW ◽  
J. NAPIER
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Aquaculture Development ◽  
Aquaculture Production

SUMMARYGlobal aquaculture production continues to grow rapidly yet a small proportion of the animals and plants being used come from managed breeding and improvement programmes. The biology of aquatic organisms offer many opportunities for rapid genetic gains as new genetic and genomic techniques make the management of improvement programmes feasible in a wider range of species. The current paper describes the application of a wide range of techniques, many unique to aquatic organisms, and their potential to secure aquaculture production in the future.

When Caring Leaders Are Constrained: The Impact of LMX Differentiation on Leader Empathic Concern in Predicting Discretionary Work Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Haynie ◽  
John Baur ◽  
John N. Harris ◽  
Stanley G. Harris ◽  
K. Nathan Moates
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Lmx Theory ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Empathic Leadership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Relationships

Empathic leaders often create high-quality relationships with their subordinates, and these relationships are suggested to increase several beneficial outcomes for employees and organizations alike. Yet leader–member exchange (LMX) theory suggests that leaders do not have such high-quality relationships with each of their subordinates, leading to varying levels of LMX differentiation. We examine how leaders’ empathic concern, a trait-based assessment of leader empathy, may incite additional discretionary efforts in the form of assisting coworkers with interpersonal facilitation and taking on additional tasks with job dedication. However, we suggest that when these empathic leaders are constrained, it reduces their ability to form high-quality relationships with all of their subordinates, resulting in high LMX differentiation. This LMX differentiation is expected to influence empathic leaders’ ability to motivate their followers to engage in altruistic behaviors. In a field study of workplace groups, we find that leader empathic concern positively affects interpersonal facilitation and job dedication only when LMX differentiation is low, providing support for our contention that the effects of empathic leadership may be situationally constrained. Findings and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals The future of the history of the human sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Chris Renwick
Keyword(s):  
Human Sciences ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

This special issue is the product of a conference, The Future of the History of the Human Sciences, which was held at the University of York in April 2016. The meeting brought together scholars from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds and at various stages of their careers to reflect on what were identified as major challenges and opportunities for the research that History of the Human Sciences publishes. The articles included here are a sample of the responses that were generated and contain reflections on not only the boundaries of history of the human sciences research but also the methods used within the discipline. As this introduction explains, the overall aim of the conference was to explore these questions in order to think about both future directions for research and ways in which we can ensure the field remains dynamic and vital.

Using a literacy-based behavioral intervention to teach job interviewing skills to adults with intellectual disability

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ayse Torres ◽  
Kelly B. Kearney ◽  
Michael P. Brady ◽  
Jacqueline Wood ◽  
Joshua Katz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interviewing Skills ◽  
Multiple Probe

BACKGROUND: Job interviewing serves a key function in the process of gaining employment. To date, no research has evaluated whether a literacy-based behavioral intervention (LBBI) might be used to improve the essential vocational skill of job interviewing. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a LBBI for the acquisition of job interviewing skills. METHODS: Using a combined experimental design (multiple probe, A1B1A2B2, non-concurrent multiple baseline) across participants, three young adults with intellectual disability who received an in-person and remote LBBI were evaluated on their correct and independent performance on a task analysis created for job interviewing. Generalization and maintenance were also assessed. RESULTS: The results showed that all three students mastered job interviewing skills with 100% accuracy and maintained the acquired skills after the intervention was removed. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that LBBI is an effective tool to teach and practice job interviewing skills, and can be implemented face-to-face and virtually. Educators, vocational rehabilitation professionals, and families can use this tool in a wide range of settings.

Sibling Relationships in Adolescence and Early Adulthood With People Who Have Intellectual Disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Floyd ◽  
Catherine L. Costigan ◽  
Shana S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract Cross-sectional (N = 106) and longitudinal (N = 35) samples of siblings (ages 11–38) reported on closeness and conflict in their relationships with sisters and brothers with intellectual disability. For closeness, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) distinguished feelings of emotional closeness from reciprocal sharing behaviors for these siblings. Age effects and changes over time indicated increasing emotional closeness and a general reduction in conflict from adolescence to young adulthood, with stable reciprocal sharing. Cross-sectionally, closeness was greater when siblings were involved in caregiving, and conflict was less when siblings no longer co-resided. Sibling constellation features (sex, birth order, age spacing) had limited effects at this developmental period. Findings support a combination of life-span developmental change and enduring attachment in these sibling relationships.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

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