Equality and Proportionality

The idea that all people are moral equals enjoys broad support. Practically speaking, there is no doubt that this is a great moral victory. Inegalitarian views are often morally arbitrary, and many have been used to support self-serving and deeply harmful actions and policies. Coming, as it does, on the heels of ideas of racial, ethnic, religious, and gender-based superiority, there is no question that the world is a far better place for our commitment to the idea that all (normal adult) humans deserve to be shown equal moral respect or concern.

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Advancing the Agenda of the Confederation of Trade Unions on the Prevention of Sexual Violence in the World of Work in Indonesia

Jurnal Perempuan ◽

10.34309/jp.v26i1.588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Atnike Nova Sigiro

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Trade Union ◽

Trade Unions ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

The World ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Set Up

<p>This article was formulated based on interviews with 5 (five) trade union confederations from a number of confederations in Indonesia, namely: Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Nasional (KSPN), Konfederasi Sarikat Buruh Muslimin Indonesia (KSarbumusi), Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (KSBSI), Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Indonesia (KSPI), and Konfederasi Kongres Aliansi Serikat Buruh Indonesia (KKASBI). This article seeks to explore the efforts made by the trade union confederation in promoting gender equality - specifically in advancing the agenda for the prevention and elimination of sexual violence in the world of work. This article was compiled based on research with a qualitative approach, with data collection methods through interviews and literature studies. The results of this study found that the confederations interviewed had already set up internal structures that have specific functions on issues related to gender equality, gender-based violence, and women’s empowerment; although still limited and on ad-hoc basis. This research also finds that the role of the trade union confederation is particularly prominent in advocating policies related to sexual violence and gender-based violence in the world of work, such as advocating the Bill on the Elimination of Sexual Violence, and the ratification of the ILO Convention No. 190 on Violence and Harassment.</p>

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Child Domestic Labour in (Accra) Ghana: A Child and Gender Rights Issue?

The International Journal of Children s Rights ◽

10.1163/157181810x522298 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 217-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peace Tetteh

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Policy Development ◽

Later Life ◽

Domestic Workers ◽

Child Labour ◽

The World ◽

Domestic Labour ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Rights Issue

AbstractChild domestic labour is one of the widespread and exploitative forms of child labour in the world today. However, the ubiquity of child/adolescent (domestic) labour, together with the perception that such work-especially in relation to girls is important training for later life, normalises such work and renders it invisible. Child domestic labour is thus, largely feminised as almost 90 percent of the children are girls. Many domestics work for long hours with no rest or remuneration, and are subjected to verbal, physical and in some instances sexual abuse in the households of their employers. The conditions under which many child domestics live and work, undermines and threatens many basic rights of children. is paper highlights the child and gender-based rights that are actually or potentially denied child domestic workers in order to influence policy development and implementation, as well as advocacy for and on behalf of children.

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Law, criminalisation and HIV in the world: have countries that criminalise achieved more or less successful pandemic response?

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. e006315

Author(s):

Matthew M Kavanagh ◽

Schadrac C Agbla ◽

Marissa Joy ◽

Kashish Aneja ◽

Mara Pillinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Suppression ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Hiv Virus ◽

The World ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Living With Hiv

How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. This article presents a cross-national ecological analysis of the relative success of national AIDS responses under this strategy, where laws were characterised by more or less criminalisation and with varying rights protections. In countries where same-sex sexual acts were criminalised, the portion of PLHIV who knew their HIV status was 11% lower and viral suppression levels 8% lower. Sex work criminalisation was associated with 10% lower knowledge of status and 6% lower viral suppression. Drug use criminalisation was associated with 14% lower levels of both. Criminalising all three of these areas was associated with approximately 18%–24% worse outcomes. Meanwhile, national laws on non-discrimination, independent human rights institutions and gender-based violence were associated with significantly higher knowledge of HIV status and higher viral suppression among PLHIV. Since most countries did not achieve 2020 HIV goals, this ecological evidence suggests that law reform may be an important tool in speeding momentum to halt the pandemic.

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Racial/ethnic/gender-based Disparities in Health Trajectories among American Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 894-894

Author(s):

Dexia Kong ◽

Peiyi Lu ◽

Joan Davitt ◽

Mack Shelley

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Black Women ◽

Physical Function ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

White Men ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Ethnicity And Gender ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Numerous studies have examined racial/ethnic- or gender-based disparities in health. However, few examined health outcomes based on a combination of individuals’ race, ethnicity, and gender. Guided by an intersectionality framework, this study explores racial/ethnic/gender-based differences in older adults’ health trajectories over a ten-year period. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2014) were used (n=16,654). Older adults (65+) were stratified into six groups based on their race, ethnicity, and gender, including (1) Non-Hispanic (NH) White Men; (2) NH White Women; (3) NH Black Men; (4) NH Black Women; (5) Hispanic Men; and (6) Hispanic Women. Growth curve models were used to examine the trajectories of three health indicators over time, including cognitive function, physical function (i.e. the sum of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living), and depressive symptoms. The results indicated that NH White men and women outperformed racial/ethnic minority groups in cognition and physical function trajectories. Females in all racial/ethnic groups had more depressive symptoms but better cognition than their male counterparts. Hispanic women reported the most depressive symptoms. Hispanic women and NH Black women had the poorest physical function. NH Black men/women had the lowest cognition. Study findings highlighted the utility of an intersectionality framework in understanding health disparities in later life. Multiple social identities intersect with each other and generate protective and/or risk effects on cognitive, mental, and physical health status. Multilevel intervention strategies are warranted to close the health equity gap among various marginalized population groups.

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Crossing Borders

Immigrant Women’s Voices and Integrating Feminism Into Migration Theory - Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4664-2.ch011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 195-213

Author(s):

Burcu Ozturk ◽

Asli Cennet Yalim ◽

Sinem Toraman

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United Nations ◽

Health Issues ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Future Directions ◽

Mental Health Issues ◽

High Commissioner ◽

The World ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

People around the world are moving from their home countries to other destinations to find safety for various reasons such as war, poverty, and violence. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 70.8 million people had been forced to move from their home countries by the end of 2018 and half of the world's displaced population is women. This chapter explores the challenges that refugee and asylum-seeker women experience, including mental health issues and sexual and gender-based violence. The authors systematically reviewed relevant studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals that were from January 2000 through January 2020. Six articles met the inclusion criteria. The authors critically explored and analyzed these six articles, and the findings were discussed under the subjects of mental health and gender-based issues. Finally, recommendations were made to determine future directions for practice, policy, and research.

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TOWARDS THE ISSUE ON RATIFICATION OF THE ILO VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT CONVENTION NO. 190 BY UKRAINE

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies ◽

10.17721/1728-2195/2020/5.115-3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Sergii Venediktov

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Easy Access ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Psychosocial Risks ◽

Labour Relations ◽

The World ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

The article provides a comparative analysis of the ILO Convention No. 190 and Ukrainian legislation concerning the issues of combating violence and harassment in the world of work. ILO standards have traditionally been one of the key sources of national labour law. Conventions and recommendations of this organization represent a balance of interests of workers, employers and governments, which have also been properly tested both in time and in practice. ILO Convention No. 190 is not an exception in this case. Ratification of this Convention will not only strengthen the international status of Ukraine, but also improve national mechanisms to combat violence and harassment in labour relations. Among the key features of the ILO Convention No. 190 the following should be highlighted: providing a definition of "violence and harassment" in the world of work, specification of the powers of the labour inspectorate in terms of detecting cases of violence and harassment, adoption in consultation with employees a workplace policy on violence and harassment, ensuring easy access to appropriate and effective remedies and dispute resolution mechanisms, etc. It has been established that Ukraine currently has a proper basis for ratification of ILO Convention No. 190. This is primarily due to the adoption in 2017 of the Law on Prevention and Counteraction to Domestic Violence, which introduced a number of important amendments to existing legislation in terms of enshrining at the regulatory level the concepts of "sexual harassment" and "gender-based violence", as well as mechanisms to combat them. The recognition of this Convention as legally binding for Ukraine would further eliminate a number of existing gaps in legal regulation relating to combating violence and harassment in the world of work. Such gaps include: the lack of a clear mandate from the State Labour Service to exercise state control over employers' compliance with anti-violence and harassment legislation, not taking into account violence and harassment and associated psychosocial risks in the management of occupational safety and health, lack of norms that would mitigate the impact of do- mestic violence in the world of work, etc.

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Making the Case for a Female-Friendly Toilet

Water ◽

10.3390/w10091193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Margaret Schmitt ◽

David Clatworthy ◽

Tom Ogello ◽

Marni Sommer

Keyword(s):

Personal Safety ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Specific Design ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Menstrual Hygiene ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

The World ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Critical Challenge

Inadequate access to a private, comfortable, and well-located toilet remains a critical challenge for many girls and women around the world. This issue is especially acute for girls and women living in densely populated urban slums, displacement camps, and informal settlements, often resulting in anxiety, embarrassment, discomfort, and gender-based violence. The unique sanitation needs of girls and women are rarely accounted for during the design and construction of toilet facilities, including needs related to their physiology, reproductive health processes, prevalent social norms, and their heightened vulnerability to violence. It is critical that a new norm be developed regarding the design of female-friendly toilets which better enables girls and women to feel confident, safe, and dignified while managing their daily sanitation needs. This includes adopting specific design measures which account for their menstrual hygiene, personal safety, and dignity-related needs. Ultimately, an enhanced dialogue must take place among designers, policy makers, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practitioners, and other relevant actors, in addition to the target female users themselves, about how to adapt toilets in a range of development and emergency contexts and operations to better address these critical needs of girls and women.

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