Managing the Use-phase and Embodied Energy Consumption to Achieve Sustainable Network Growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Aun Chan ◽  
André F. Gygax ◽  
Christopher Leckie ◽  
Elaine Wong ◽  
Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Use Phase

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability of Building Retrofit through Vertical Greening Systems: A Life-Cycle Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Katia Perini ◽  
Fabio Magrassi ◽  
Andrea Giachetta ◽  
Luca Moreschi ◽  
Michela Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Phase ◽  
Vertical Greening

Urban greening provides a wide range of ecosystem services to address the main challenges of urban areas, e.g., carbon sequestration, evapotranspiration and shade, thermal insulation, and pollution control. This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of a vertical greening system (VGS) built in 2014 in Italy, for which extensive monitoring activities were implemented. The life-cycle assessment methodology was applied to quantify the water–energy–climate nexus of the VGS for 1 m2 of the building’s wall surface. Six different scenarios were modelled according to three different end-of-life scenarios and two different useful lifetime scenarios (10 and 25 years). The environmental impact of global-warming potential and generated energy consumption during the use phase in the VGS scenarios were reduced by 56% in relation to the baseline scenario (wall without VGS), and showed improved environmental performance throughout the complete life cycle. However, the water-scarcity index (WSI) of the VGS scenarios increased by 42%. This study confirms that the installation of VGSs offers a relevant environmental benefit in terms of greenhouse-gas emissions and energy consumption; however, increased water consumption in the use phase may limit the large-scale application of VGSs.

scholarly journals A Complementary Approach to Traditional Energy Balances for Assessing Energy Efficiency Measures in Final Uses: The Case of Space Heating and Cooling in Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6563
Author(s):  
Roque G Stagnitta ◽  
Matteo V Rocco ◽  
Emanuela Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
The Impact

Energy balances have been historically conceived based on a supply-side perspective, providing neither detailed information about energy conversion into useful services nor the effects that may be induced by the application of policies in other sectors to energy consumption. This article proposes an approach to a thorough assessment of the impact of efficiency policies on final energy uses, focusing on residential space heating and cooling, and capable of: (1) quantifying final useful services provided and (2) accounting for the global impact of efficiency policies on final energy use, taking advantage of Input–Output analysis. This approach is applied in five cities of Argentina. Firstly, the quantity of energy service provided (i.e., level of thermal comfort) for each city is evaluated and compared with the defined target. It is found out that heating comfort is guaranteed approximately as established, whereas in the cooling case the provision is twice the established level. Secondly, primary energy consumption of heating and cooling services is evaluated before and after different efficiency improvement policies. The results show that the major primary energy saving (52%) is obtained from the upgrading appliances scenario and reflect the importance of accounting for embodied energy in goods and services involved in interventions.

scholarly journals Is Embodied Energy a Better Starting Point for Solving Energy Security Issues?—Based on an Overview of Embodied Energy-Related Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghan Chen ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Hongtao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Study Results

Embodied energy is termed as the total (direct and indirect) energy required to produce economic or environmental goods and services. It is different from the direct energy measurement of energy consumption. Due to the importance of energy security, it has attracted increasing attention. In order to explore whether and to what extent embodied energy can provide a more innovative approach and competitive perspective to energy security issues, 2608 relevant pieces of literature from the Web of Science core collection are analyzed in this study. Results show that embodied energy has been taken seriously. Moreover, by reviewing the typical literature, this paper first summarizes the embodied energy calculation methods and models, then investigates how embodied energy provides a new perspective to energy issues, and lastly analyzes how to show value in energy security issues in its application of guiding policy-making and energy security studies. In summary, there is no doubt that embodied energy can provide a more integrated perspective on energy consumption and demand and provide a more scientific reference for policy-making to enhance energy security. However, because of data and application scope limitations, establishing a comprehensive energy security research and application system with embodied energy measurements needs hard work.

scholarly journals Application of Life Cycle Energy Assessment in Residential Buildings: A Critical Review of Recent Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Omrany ◽  
Veronica Soebarto ◽  
Ehsan Sharifi ◽  
Ali Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Boundary Definition

Residential buildings are responsible for a considerable portion of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Correspondingly, many attempts have been made across the world to minimize energy consumption in this sector via regulations and building codes. The focus of these regulations has mainly been on reducing operational energy use, whereas the impacts of buildings’ embodied energy are frequently excluded. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in analyzing the energy performance of buildings via a life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) approach. The increasing amount of research has however caused the issue of a variation in results presented by LCEA studies, in which apparently similar case studies exhibited different results. This paper aims to identify the main sources of variation in LCEA studies by critically analyzing 26 studies representing 86 cases in 12 countries. The findings indicate that the current trend of LCEA application in residential buildings suffers from significant inaccuracy accruing from incomplete definitions of the system boundary, in tandem with the lack of consensus on measurements of operational and embodied energies. The findings call for a comprehensive framework through which system boundary definition for calculations of embodied and operational energies can be standardized.

The Life-Cycle Energy Consumption Distribution of Buildings in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 1320-1325
Author(s):  
Zhao Dong Li ◽  
Yu Rong Yao ◽  
Geng Dai ◽  
Yi Chu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Materials Recycling ◽  
Material Energy

In recent years, continues development of China urbanization gradually increases the energy consumption of buildings. Studies on the life cycle energy distribution of buildings have practical significance to determine energy policy formulation and adjustment. Based on previous studies and the composition of the life cycle energy consumption of buildings, this article constructed a life-cycle energy consumption model, and established the calculation methods of initial embodied energy, operational energy, reset embodied energy ,dismantle embodied energy and recycle embodied energy separately. Based on ICE material energy data and combined rating per machine per team, this article calculated the life cycle energy distribution of a building in Nanjing. We found that the life cycle energy of buildings obeyed normal distribution, the operational energy accounts for a large proportion and it decreases with the decreased life cycle of buildings. The recovery of operational energy can reduce the proportion of the initial embodied energy. Considering the studies, in order to meet the characteristic of the buildings in China which have short life cycle, we should focus on the development of building materials recycling and reusing.

The Change of Energy Consumption in China and its Driving Forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 739-742
Author(s):  
Yi Cao ◽  
Shui Jun Peng ◽  
Wen Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Key Driver

This paper estimates the changes of industrial embodied energy consumption in China between 1997 and 2007, and applies a structural decomposition analysis (SDA), based on non-competitive (import) input-output tables, to analyze the sources of change of China’s energy consumption from 1997 to 2007. Results show that China’s energy consumption increased sharply, especially after the accession to WTO. The SDA results indicate that the improvement of energy efficiency during 1997-2007 significantly reduced energy consumption in China while the growth of final demand was the key driver of China’s energy consumption. In addition, distribution of final demand with the declining share of consumption and the increasing share of export push energy consumption upward.

ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE USE PHASE OF CONVENTIONAL TIRES COMPARED TO GUAYULE NR TIRES

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-588
Author(s):  
Ranjani B. Theregowda ◽  
Pragnya L. Eranki ◽  
Amy E. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Use Phase

ABSTRACT Guayule NR can be grown in the United States and offers a potentially more secure and sustainable alternative to the substantial Hevea NR that is imported from Southeast Asia. This paper presents the first rolling resistance and use-phase energy consumption estimates for guayule tires. The results of this study show that use-phase life cycle energy reductions can be achieved with NRs and that the rolling resistance coefficient (RRcnew) and reference service life (RSL) of the new tire are the critical parameters that pertain to energy and fuel efficiency. A tire's use phase accounts for approximately 86% of its life cycle energy consumption and thus is an important consideration in sustainability assessments. We calculated the use-phase energy consumption for two types of NR tires: a 100% guayule rubber tire and an experimental epoxidized NR tire. These two NR tires were compared against a conventional passenger tire made by Cooper Tire & Rubber Company. The ISO product category rules for passenger tires were used to determine energy consumption, while relevant data were measured from concept tires built in collaboration with Cooper Tire & Rubber Company. The results of this analysis showed that both experimental NR tires have improved use-phase energy consumption compared to conventional rubber tires. Although the epoxidized NR tire with low RRcnew consumes the least energy during the use phase, it is currently not being considered for commercial manufacture. The 100% guayule rubber tire shows a 6% reduction in energy consumption compared to the conventional rubber tire. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed a linear change in use-phase energy consumption with the relevant tire load and RRcnew and an inverse change with the average vehicle fuel efficiency and the RSL.

Analysis of Embodied Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions in Chinese Manufacturing Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1148-1153
Author(s):  
Dong Sun ◽  
Chu Xia Tong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry

This paper attempts to discuss the embodied energy consumption and embodied greenhouse gas emissions in manufacturing industry. Based the on input-output theory, this paper establishes the calculation model, which gives the calculation of embodied energy consumption and embodied greenhouse gas emissions of 2002 and 2007 respectively. By comparison, it draws the conclusion that the total direct energy consumption of 2007 is much more than the year of 2002, while the total embodied energy consumption is less than the year of 2002. However, Non-metallic mineral products, Metal smelting and pressing and Electric equipment and machinery perform otherwise. The reason accounting for the calculation results is that the embodied energy intensity is greatly decreased.

scholarly journals Energy consumption in the life cycle of plumbing fixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
A. Kalbusch ◽  
E. Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
The Self ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Use Phase

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to propose a method for quantifying the energy consumption in the life cycle of different plumbing fixtures. The method can be used to estimate the energy consumption in the production, use and disposal phases of plumbing fixtures. This allows for the comparison between the performances of different plumbing fixtures and the identification of the share of each phase on the energy consumption over the life cycle. The method was applied in a case study in Southern Brazil to quantify the energy consumption in the life cycle of two types of taps installed on a university campus. The total energy consumption in the life cycle of ordinary and self-closing taps used in the study was respectively, 177.71 MJ and 164.11 MJ over 4 years. Production accounted for 33% of the energy consumption share of the ordinary tap, while the use phase accounted for 65% and the disposal phase for 2%. For the self-closing tap, the production phase accounted for 46% of the energy consumption share, the use phase for 52% and the disposal phase for 2%. Therefore, considering the energy consumption in the life cycle, self-closing taps should be preferred over ordinary taps.

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