FT-Raman Spectroscopic Investigations of Titanium Alkoxides with Polymerizable Organic Ligands

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gbureck ◽  
U. Gbureck ◽  
W. Kiefer ◽  
U. Posset ◽  
R. Thull
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Titanium Alkoxides ◽  
Molecular Precursors ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Titanium Ethoxide ◽  
Ft Raman

Chelating agents are frequently used in sol-gel chemistry to decrease hydrolytic reactivity and uncontrolled precipitation of titanium alkoxides. The use of polymerizable organic compounds as chelating agents allows for the formation of copolymers consisting of hybrid inorganic/organic networks. The main task of this study was the analytical characterization of new molecular precursors and organically modified titanium oxide films. Methacrylic acid, itaconic anhydride, isoeugenol, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid were reacted with titanium isopropoxide and titanium ethoxide to form the corresponding chelated alkoxide sols. Thin sol-gel films of these compounds on metal substrates were prepared by dip-coating and studied by Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. The spectra were compared to those of the precursors. By means of their characteristic vibrational bands, the presence of polymerizable groups was detected in the coatings. The systems investigated are capable of acting as adhesive promoters in dental applications.

Barrier Properties of Inorganic-Organic Polymers

1998 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoffmann ◽  
S. Amberg-Schwab ◽  
B. Claflin ◽  
G. Lucovsky
Keyword(s):  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Inorganic Organic Polymers ◽  
Ft Raman

AbstractThe oxygen barrier properties of sol-gel derived inorganic-organic polymer coatings were investigated. By systematic variation of the ratios of the starting compounds and of the curing conditions, materials with different inorganic and organic network densities were obtained. The network densities were characterized using 29Si solid-state NMR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the oxygen transmission rates decrease with increasing inorganic as well as organic network density.

BaTiO3 Thin Films Prepared By Dip-Coating Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelcy Della ◽  
Santina Mohallem
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Titanium Alkoxides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Withdrawal Speed ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Tetragonal Batio

AbstractThin films of pure barium titanate have been prepared by the sol-gel process from organomettalic sols containing titanium alkoxides and barium acetate (molar ratio [Ba]/[Ti]=l). It leads to transparent, homogeneous and adherent coatings. The influence of various parameters such as chemical concentration, viscosity, withdrawal speed and temperature of densification on film thickness is described. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction during their heat treatment. Their crystallization temperature was observed to be around 450°C. No variations in the optical properties were observed during the crystallization, and it occurred without the appearance of cracks or pinholes. Tetragonal BaTiO3 structure was observed, and the ferroeletric properties were investigated as functions of thickness and grain size.

Sol-Gel Synthesis of SiO2-TiO2 Film as Antireflection Coating on Silicon for Photovoltaic Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kermadi ◽  
N. Agoudjil ◽  
Samira Sali ◽  
R. Tala-Ighil ◽  
M. Boumaour
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Antireflection Coating ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Monocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Application of thin films of SiO2 and TiO2 using the sol-gel process were utilized as antireflection coating on monocrystalline silicon wafers. The aim of this study is to validate this process as a procedure to prepare antireflective films for monocrystalline silicon by dip-coating. The coating was carried out by dip-coating process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor for SiO2 and titanium isopropoxide (TIPT) as precursor for TiO2. In order to study the influence of the thickness on the reflectance and the optical parameters, several coatings with different thickness were deposited onto silicon wafers. The refractive index and the thickness were adjusted by controlling the number of dipping. The refractive index increases from 2.10 up to 2.22 by increasing the film thickness from 36 to 137 nm. It was found that the sample coated with two layers exhibits a lower reflection (1.86 % at λ = 602 nm). This result was improved by a single sub-layer of SiO2 (36.75 nm) to reach 1.08 % at λ = 674 nm). Furthermore, the low values of the extinction coefficient (k) (approach to Zero at λ = 632.8 nm) indicate that TiO2 and SiO2 films deposited by sol-gel method can be used as ARC for Si solar cells.

scholarly journals Effect of titanium source and sol-gel TiO2 thin film formation parameters on its morphology and photocatalytic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Dulian ◽  
Jan Zajic ◽  
Witold Żukowski
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Titanium Butoxide

AbstractTiO2 thin films with different surface structure have been prepared from alkoxide solutions by the sol-gel method using different cationic precursors and heat treatment techniques. The effect of using titanium isopropoxide as well as titanium butoxide as a titanium source on the surface structure and photocatalytic activity of the resultant thin films was studied. Significant differences in the rate of hydrolysis and condensation reactions during the sol-gel synthesis were observed for these titanium precursors. This had a direct influence on the morphology of the as-prepared TiO2 films. Higher quality oxide coatings were obtained from titanium isopropoxide. They were characterized by a smaller grain size, improved surface roughness and uniform coverage of the glass substrate. A beneficial effect of calcination process after each sol application cycle in contrast to single step calcination after all dip-coating cycles was observed. Photocatalytic degradation tests showed that methyl orange was decolorized in the presence of all prepared TiO2 films by exposing their aqueous solutions to UV light (λ = 254 nm). The highest photocatalytic activity had the TiO2 layer produced using titanium isopropoxide.

Coating of LaCoO3 Thin Film with Sol–Gel Dip Coating Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Okuyucu ◽  
Paul Inge Dahl ◽  
Mari Ann Einarsrud
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Coated Film ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Dip Coating Method

LaCoO3 thin film was coated on Al2O3 single crystal by sol–gel route. Appropriate composition of precursors, chelating agents and the solvent put together into a flask and magnetically stirred on a magnetic stirrer. After having the red transparent solution, it was stirred for 12 hours before coating. Ultrasonically cleaned substrate is dipped into the solution and taken immediately into vertical furnace which is preheated at 550 °C. A dense amorphous film is coated on the substrate. Fired amorphous films are annealed at temperature between 900 °C and 1000 °C for 20 minutes in the air. Then coated film was characterized by means of XRD, AFM, and SEM. Conductivity of the film was measured to be −0.1819 for 881 °C for the log σ value by assuming the thickness as 1 μm.

Sol-Gel Processing of PbTiO3 Fibers

1990 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Aoki ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
D.A. Payne ◽  
H. Yanagida
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Pyroelectric Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis And Condensation ◽  
Ceramic Microstructure ◽  
Gel Processing

ABSTRACTLead titanate fibers were formed from lead acetate and titanium isopropoxide by sol-gel methods. Additions of acids and chelating agents were used to influence hydrolysis and condensation reactions. A variety of solvents were examined, and the effect of conditioning treatments at elevated temperatures were investigated. Data are reported for the rheological behavior of viscous sols, fiber drawing ability, pyrolysis and crystallization of gels and fibers. Features of the ceramic microstructure are reported. A pyroelectric effect was measured for PbTiO3 fibers.

Optical Properties of ZnO, TiO2 and ZnO:TiO2 Composite Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid ◽  
Hani Khaliesah Tazri
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
Glass Substrates

We report a fabrication and characterization of ZnO, TiO2 and ZnO:TiO2 composite thin films. The films were prepared on glass substrates by using the dip coating sol-gel method. ZnO was synthesized by using Zinc acetate dehydrated, glacial acetic acid and ethanol. Meanwhile, TiO2 was prepared by using titanium isopropoxide, acetic acid, isopropyl alcohol and methanol. The single sols were mixed with fixed molarity of 0.2 mol to obtain ZnO:TiO2 composite films. The optical properties of metal oxide, such as transmittance, absorbance and band gap were determined using UV-Vis spectrometer. FTIR was used to determine the chemical bonds of the materials. ZnO has the highest transmittance spectra (91%), followed by TiO2 (70%) and ZnO:TiO2 (35%) composite films. The absorbance edge shifted to the longer wavelength for ZnO:TiO2 composite film. The energy band gap of ZnO, TiO2 and ZnO: TiO2 composite were 3.8 eV, 3.6 eV and 3.5 eV, respectively.

Evolution of microstructure during the thermal processing of titania and vanadium-modified titania gels

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Allison ◽  
David M. Grant ◽  
Karen McKinlay ◽  
Craig Bailey ◽  
Philip G. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ft Raman

Sol-gel materials of TiO2 and vanadium-modified TiO2 of nominal composition 4, 8, and 16 wt.% vanadium were prepared by evaporation of aqueous colloidal sols obtained by the hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of titanium(IV) chloride with the appropriate amount of vanadyl oxalate using aqueous ammonia followed by peptization of the resulting hydrated solids using nitric acid. The nature of the sol-gel materials and their behavior on calcinations at temperatures up to 1273 K were investigated using x-ray fluorescence, powder x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy. At 333 K, all the gels comprised small (about 5 ± 1 nm) particles of anatase together with traces of brookite. The particle size changed little on thermal treatment at 573 K, but increased significantly at higher temperatures and was accompanied by transformation to rutile. Incorporation of vanadium in the gels reduced the temperature at which rutile began to appear from 923 K in pure TiO2 to 773 K in the V/TiO2 gels. Only rutile was present at high temperatures, except for the 16 V/TiO2 gel, when small amounts of phase-separated vanadia were also observed. A 2–3% substitutional incorporation of V4+ ions in the tetragonal rutile lattice occurred at high temperatures, but the majority of the vanadium was present in an amorphous, highly dispersed fashion.

Study of Molecular Precursors of Group iv Metal Oxides by Tga-Ftir Coupling

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Poncelet ◽  
Jean Guilment ◽  
Sylvie Truchet
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Molecular Precursors ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Ft Raman

ABSTRACTHalogenoalkoxides are promising molecular precursors useable in sol-gel technology. They exhibit a lower sensitivity towards hydrolysis than common alkoxides and so appear to be easier to handle. Some data about the structure of titanium chloroalkoxides, pure and with the addition of a controlled amount of water, were obtained using FT-Raman, while the effect of thermal treatment under nitrogen or oxygen was studied using TGA-IR coupling. Finally the oxide products were characterized by Raman and by ED-XRMA, proving mat chloroalkoxides could be used as molecular precursors of oxide by sol-gel process. We showed that TGA-FTIR coupling is a powerful tool in order to study a thermal treatment and could be used to optimize it.

In-Situ Study of NiO Growth on Textured Nickel Tape Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and Hot Stage

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1276-1277
Author(s):  
Y. Akin ◽  
R.E. Goddard ◽  
W. Sigmund ◽  
Y.S. Hascicek
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Superconducting Film ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

Deposition of highly textured ReBa2Cu3O7−δ (RBCO) films on metallic substrates requires a buffer layer to prevent chemical reactions, reduce lattice mismatch between metallic substrate and superconducting film layer, and to prevent diffusion of metal atoms into the superconductor film. Nickel tapes are bi-axially textured by cold rolling and annealing at appropriate temperature (RABiTS) for epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films. As buffer layers, several oxide thin films and then YBCO were coated on bi-axially textured nickel tapes by dip coating sol-gel process. Biaxially oriented NiO on the cube-textured nickel tape by a process named Surface-Oxidation- Epitaxy (SEO) has been introduced as an alternative buffer layer. in this work we have studied in situ growth of nickel oxide by ESEM and hot stage.Representative cold rolled nickel tape (99.999%) was annealed in an electric furnace under 4% hydrogen-96% argon gas mixture at 1050°C to get bi-axially textured nickel tape.

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