Autostandard Method: Quantitative IR Multicomponent Analysis for Films with Indeterminate Pathlength

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1209-1213
Author(s):  
Michał H. Jamróz ◽  
Jan Cz. Dobrowolski
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Irregular Surfaces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quick Determination

The autostandard method is a new analytical method based on the relationship between intensities of certain bands and a number of specific oscillators in molecules. This method, complementary to the known ratio method, is used for a quick determination of the component contents of a chemical system under difficult experimental situations, when the layer thickness cannot be determined (e.g., polymer films and other solids of irregular surfaces, very viscous liquid films, mulls in nujol).

scholarly journals Precise Determination of Liquid Layer Thickness with Downward Annular Two-Phase Gas-Very Viscous Liquid Flow

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6529
Author(s):  
Krystian Czernek ◽  
Stanisław Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Liquid Layer ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Study Results

The paper presents the characteristics of the original optoelectronic system for measuring the values of hydrodynamics of two-phase downward gas-very viscous liquid flow. The measurement methods and results of the research on selected values describing gas–oil two-phase flow are presented. The study was conducted in vertical pipes with diameters of 12.5, 16, 22, and 54 mm. The research was conducted with the superficial velocities of air jg = 0–29.9 m/s and oil jl = 0–0.254 m/s, which corresponded to the values of gas stream density gg = (0–37.31) kg/(m2s) and of liquid gl = (0.61–226.87) kg/(m2s), in order to determine the influence of air and oil streams on the character of liquid films. The variations in oil viscosity were applied in the range ηl = (0.055–1.517) Pas. The study results that were obtained with optical probes along with computer image analysis system revealed vast research opportunities in terms of the identification of gas–liquid two-phase downward flow structures that were generated as well as the determination of the thickness of liquid film with various level of interfacial surface area undulation. The designed and constructed proprietary measuring system is also useful for testing the liquid layer by determining the parameters of the resulting waves. It is considered that the apparatus system that is presented in the article is the most effective in examining the properties of liquid layers of oil and other liquids with low electrical conductivity and a significant degree of monochromatic light absorption. In view of noninvasive technique of measuring characteristic values of liquid films being formed, the above measuring system is believed to be very useful for industry in the diagnostics of the apparatus employing such flows.

scholarly journals Determination of Alizarin Red S using a novel B-Z oscillation system catalyzed by a tetraazamacrocyclic complex

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Zhang ◽  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Oscillation System ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tetraazamacrocyclic Complex

AbstractA new and convenient method for the determination of Alizarin Red S by the perturbations caused by different amounts of Alizarin Red S on a novel B-Z oscillating system is proposed. This new type Belousov-Zhabotinskii involves a macrocyclic copper(II) complex [CuL](ClO4)2 as catalyst and malic acid as the substrate. The ligand L in the complex is 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene. It is found that the relationship between the change in the oscillation amplitude and the logarithm of the Alizarin Red S concentration in the range of 1.5 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−3 M fits a polynomial model: ΔA = 659 + 184.2 log [Alizarin Red S]+ 12.9 log2 [Alizarin Red S]. The RSD obtained with ten samples is 4.4%. The probable mechanism involving the perturbation of Alizarin Red S on the oscillating chemical system is also discussed.

scholarly journals Kinetic Determination of Paracetamol using a Novel Belousov-Zhabotinskii Oscillating System Catalyzed by a Tetraazamacrocyclic Complex

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1412-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Min Meng ◽  
Ming Ying Lu ◽  
Fu Sheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Kinetic Determination ◽  
Tetraazamacrocyclic Complex ◽  
Oscillating Chemical System

A new analytical method for determination of paracetamol is proposed. This method is based on a novel B-Z oscillating system, which involves a Tetraazamacrocyclic Complex [CuL](ClO4)2as catalyst and malic acid as the substrate. The ligand L in the complex is 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene. By perturbation mount of paracetamol on the B-Z system, there is a linear relationship between the changes in the oscillation amplitude and the logarithm of paracetamol concentration in the range 5×10-7to 2×10-4M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99743. The effects of influential variables, such as the concentration of reaction components, temperature and on the determinations were studied. The probable mechanism involving the perturbation of paracetamol on the oscillating chemical system was also discussed.

scholarly journals MERANGKAI KONSEP HARGA JUAL BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN DALAM ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Alimuddin Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epistemological Framework

This paper aims to explore and discuss the justice value in Islam in order to formulate price concept based on justice value in Islam. The second aim is to find out the benefits of the price concept for mashlahah of mankind. The analytical method employed in this paper is a critical-intuitive thinking based on Islamic epistemological framework, that is the bayani method, burhani method and irfani method. The bayani mothod is a textual presentation from text, event or phenomenon while the burhani mothod is based on logic to understand events and phenomena or to interpret the text contextually. While irfani mothod places greater reliance on intuition to achieve scientific knowledge. The three methods are applied integratedly in this paper. The study was conducted on the owners and management YDT in Bandung. The results showed, the price concept based on justice value according to bayani method is cost-plus profane basic needs and according to burhani  method is cost-plus basic needs as well as according to irfani method is cost-plus basic needs and environment. In general, the price concept based on justice value in Islam is cost-plus pricing, which is a concept that considers pricing benefit for mashlahah of mankind in determining the amount of margin through a balance between the needs of traders with the basic needs of the buyer's purchasing power and the need to preserve and maintain harmonization of the relationship with the environment. Determination of the price would reduce the economic disparities in society, creating a more harmonious life, and enhance the dignity of mankind

scholarly journals MERANGKAI KONSEP HARGA JUAL BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN DALAM ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-547
Author(s):  
Alimuddin Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epistemological Framework

This paper aims to explore and discuss the justice value in Islam in order to formulate price concept based on justice value in Islam. The second aim is to find out the benefits of the price concept for mashlahah of mankind. The analytical method employed in this paper is a critical-intuitive thinking based on Islamic epistemological framework, that is the bayani method, burhani method and irfani method. The bayani mothod is a textual presentation from text, event or phenomenon while the burhani mothod is based on logic to understand events and phenomena or to interpret the text contextually. While irfani mothod places greater reliance on intuition to achieve scientific knowledge. The three methods are applied integratedly in this paper. The study was conducted on the owners and management YDT in Bandung. The results showed, the price concept based on justice value according to bayani method is cost-plus profane basic needs and according to burhani  method is cost-plus basic needs as well as according to irfani method is cost-plus basic needs and environment. In general, the price concept based on justice value in Islam is cost-plus pricing, which is a concept that considers pricing benefit for mashlahah of mankind in determining the amount of margin through a balance between the needs of traders with the basic needs of the buyer's purchasing power and the need to preserve and maintain harmonization of the relationship with the environment. Determination of the price would reduce the economic disparities in society, creating a more harmonious life, and enhance the dignity of mankind.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.O. Benyuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Goncharenko ◽  
T.R. Nykoniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Proliferation

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

DETERMINATION OF THE LIMITING FLOW RATE IN LIQUID FILMS FOR HEAT TRAHSFER CRISIS CALCULATION

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Borishansky ◽  
A.A. Andreevsky ◽  
Mikhail Ya. Belenkiy ◽  
G.S Bykov ◽  
Mikhail Gotovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Films
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