Dynamic post-transcriptional regulation by Mrn1 links cell wall homeostasis to mitochondrial structure and function

The RNA-binding protein Mrn1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae targets over 300 messenger RNAs, including many involved in cell wall biogenesis. The impact of Mrn1 on these target transcripts is not known, however, nor is the cellular role for this regulation. We have shown that Mrn1 represses target mRNAs through the action of its disordered, asparagine-rich amino-terminus. Its endogenous targets include the paralogous SUN domain proteins Nca3 and Uth1, which affect mitochondrial and cell wall structure and function. While loss of MRN1 has no effect on fermentative growth, we found that mrn1Δ yeast adapt more quickly to respiratory conditions. These cells also have enlarged mitochondria in fermentative conditions, mediated in part by dysregulation of NCA3, and this may explain their faster switch to respiration. Our analyses indicated that Mrn1 acts as a hub for integrating cell wall integrity and mitochondrial biosynthesis in a carbon-source responsive manner.

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Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage is a Specialized Cell Wall that Can be Used as a Model for Genetic Analysis of Plant Cell Wall Structure and Function

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2012.00064 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

George W. Haughn ◽

Tamara L. Western

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Specialized Cell ◽

And Function ◽

Seed Coat Mucilage

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Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep45341 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Svenning Rune Møller ◽

Xueying Yi ◽

Silvia Melina Velásquez ◽

Sascha Gille ◽

Pernille Louise Munke Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Root Hair ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Knock Out ◽

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

And Function

Abstract Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1–5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf 4 which is exclusively found in extensins. T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its’ product, Hyp-Araf 4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae.

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Cell wall structure and function in lactic acid bacteria

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/1475-2859-13-s1-s9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. S9 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

Marie-Pierre Chapot-Chartier ◽

Saulius Kulakauskas

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Cell Wall Structure ◽

Wall Structure ◽

And Function

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THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

The Target of Penicillin ◽

10.1515/9783110866544-003 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bacterial Cell ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Bacterial Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Structure ◽

Wall Structure ◽

And Function

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The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders ◽

10.1044/vvd21.3.112 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 112-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽

Mahalakshmi Sivasankar

Keyword(s):

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽

Critical Role ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Laryngeal Disease ◽

Health And Disease ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

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Morphological and Biochemical Features Affecting the Antithrombotic Properties of the Aorta in Adult Rabbits and Rabbit Pups

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615116 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 79 (05) ◽

pp. 1034-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

E. Nitschmann ◽

L. Berry ◽

S. Bridge ◽

M. W. C. Hatton ◽

M. Richardson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Matrix Structure ◽

Antithrombotic Activity ◽

Antithrombin Activity ◽

And Function ◽

Biochemical Features

SummaryWe hypothesised that there are important physiologic differences in arterial wall structure and function with respect to antithrombotic activity in the very young (pre-puberty) compared to adults. Electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, and activity assays were used to examine differences in aorta structure and function comparing prepubertal rabbits (pups) to adult rabbits. Differences in endothelial function, extracellular matrix structure, proteoglycan (PG) distribution and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and function were shown. In both intima and media, total PG, chondroitin sulfate (CS) PG and heparan sulfate (HS) PG content were significantly increased in pups compared to adult rabbits. These findings corresponded to increased concentrations by mass analyses of CS GAG and DS GAG in aortas from pups. There was also a significant increase in antithrombin activity in pups due to HS GAG. In conclusion, differences in both structure and antithrombin activity of aortas from pups compared to adult rabbits suggest that young arteries may have greater antithrombotic potential that is, at least in part, related to increased HS GAG.

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The Transcription Factor Con7-1 Is a Master Regulator of Morphogenesis and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-07-14-0205-r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 55-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Carmen Ruiz-Roldán ◽

Yolanda Pareja-Jaime ◽

José Antonio González-Reyes ◽

M. Isabel G. Roncero

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Targeted Deletion ◽

Signal Perception ◽

Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽

Genes Encoding

Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of morphogenetic regulation in Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis, including processes such as cell-wall biogenesis, cell division, and differentiation of infection-like structures. We identified three F. oxysporum genes encoding predicted transcription factors showing significant identities to Magnaporthe oryzae Con7p, Con7-1, plus two identical copies of Con7-2. Targeted deletion of con7-1 produced nonpathogenic mutants with altered morphogenesis, including defects in cell wall structure, polar growth, hyphal branching, and conidiation. By contrast, simultaneous inactivation of both con7-2 copies caused no detectable defects in the resulting mutants. Comparative microarray-based gene expression analysis indicated that Con7-1 modulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in different biological functions, including host–pathogen interactions, morphogenesis and development, signal perception and transduction, transcriptional regulation, and primary and secondary metabolism. Taken together, our results point to Con7-1 as general regulator of morphogenesis and virulence in F. oxysporum.

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Assessment of the impact of nanoparticles on the activity of biomimetic membrane

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.8153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XXXVII (1) ◽

pp. 89-100

Author(s):

Dorota Kondej

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Biological Membranes ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Lipid Monolayer ◽

Biomimetic Membranes ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Biomimetic Membrane ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

This paper presents basic information on a structure and function of biological membranes. Types of biomimetic membranes modelling properties of biological membranes were introduced. The method of testing surface properties of a lipid monolayer, which is the basic type of biomimetic membranes, was described. The presented method makes it possible to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on the surface activity of biomimetic membranes based on the determination of the surface index MA. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

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Estrogen-related Receptor β (ERRβ) – Renaissance Receptor or Receptor Renaissance?

Nuclear Receptor Signaling ◽

10.1621/nrs.14002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. nrs.14002 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shailaja D. Divekar ◽

Deanna M. Tiek ◽

Aileen Fernandez ◽

Rebecca B. Riggins

Keyword(s):

Alternative Splicing ◽

Nuclear Receptor ◽

Family Members ◽

Structure And Function ◽

The Other ◽

Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽

Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact ◽

Estrogen Related Receptor

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are founding members of the orphan nuclear receptor (ONR) subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Twenty-seven years of study have yet to identify cognate ligands for the ERRs, though they have firmly placed ERRα (ESRRA) and ERRγ (ESRRG) at the intersection of cellular metabolism and oncogenesis. The pace of discovery for novel functions of ERRβ (ESRRB), however, has until recently been somewhat slower than that of its family members. ERRβ has also been largely ignored in summaries and perspectives of the ONR literature. Here, we provide an overview of established and emerging knowledge of ERRβ in mouse, man, and other species, highlighting unique aspects of ERRβ biology that set it apart from the other two estrogen-related receptors, with a focus on the impact of alternative splicing on the structure and function of this receptor.

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