scholarly journals Gender differences in the perceived need for community-wide deworming: Formative qualitative research from the DeWorm3 study, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008829
Author(s):  
Kumudha Aruldas ◽  
Arianna Rubin Means ◽  
Angelin Titus ◽  
Yesudoss Jacob ◽  
Rajeshkumar Rajendiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Morbidity Control ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Current soil-transmitted helminth (STH) programs target morbidity control with school-based deworming. Increasing interest in steering neglected tropical disease (NTD) programmes from morbidity control towards disease elimination has prompted evaluation of strategies that may interrupt transmission. The feasibility of interrupting transmission of STH with community-wide deworming is being tested in the ongoing DeWorm3 cluster randomized trial. Gender-based perspectives about susceptibility to infection and need for treatment have been shown to influence both health-seeking behaviour and health outcomes. We carried out a qualitative study among men and women in the community to understand their knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about STH infections and community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). Eight semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted among men and women residing in the DeWorm3 study site in India—Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu. Thematic coding was used to analyse the transcripts in ATLAS.ti 8.0. Both men and women in this study demonstrated a high level of STH knowledge but some men had misconceptions that intestinal worms were beneficial. Men and women shared several similar beliefs and attitudes regarding STH treatment. Both believed that adults were likely to have STH infections and both reported that stigma prevented them from seeking treatment. Influenced by gender norms, women were more likely to associate STH infections with inadequate sanitation and hygiene, while men were more likely to believe that those engaged in agricultural work were at risk. Both genders reported a positive attitude towards cMDA for STH. Barriers to cMDA implementation differed by gender; women expressed concern regarding side-effects and drug quality while men were concerned that treatment coverage may be affected due to the absence of people during the day when the drug is distributed. Both men and women perceived the treatment of adults for STH infections to be important, however, the perceived barriers to participating in cMDA differed by gender in this community. The study identified key messages to be incorporated in communication and outreach strategies for cMDA programmes.

scholarly journals Physical workload and increased frequency of musculoskeletal pain: a cohort study of employed men and women with baseline occasional pain

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107094
Author(s):  
Kathryn Badarin ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson ◽  
Lena Hillert ◽  
Katarina Kjellberg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Strenuous Work ◽  
High Level

ObjectivesMusculoskeletal pain (MSP) is prevalent among the workforce. This study investigates the long-term association between physical workload (PWL) and increased frequency of MSP among male and female employees with pre-existing occasional MSP.MethodsThis study uses the Stockholm Public Health cohort survey data from the baseline 2006. The sample includes 5715 employees with baseline occasional MSP (no more than a few days per month). Eight PWL exposures and overall PWL were estimated using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). The JEM was assigned to occupational titles from a national register in 2006. Follow-up survey data on frequent MSP (a few or more times a week) were collected from 2010. Logistic regressions produced sex-specific ORs with 95% CIs and were adjusted for education, health conditions, psychological distress, smoking, BMI, leisure-time physical activity and decision authority.ResultsAssociations were observed between several aspects of heavy PWL and frequent MSP for men (eg, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.20, among those in the highest exposure quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile for heavy lifting) and women (eg, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.29, among those in the highest exposure quartile compared with those in the the lowest quartile for physically strenuous work). Small changes were observed in the OR after adjustment, but most of the ORs for PWL exposures among the men were no longer statistically significantly increased.ConclusionA high level of exposure to heavy PWL was associated with increased frequency of MSP 4 years later for men and women with baseline occasional pain.

Sex Differences on Use of Associative and Dissociative Cognitive Strategies among Male and Female Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini Philippe ◽  
Roland Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
High Level

This study assessed whether men and women differed in using associative and dissociative cognitive strategies during athletic performance. Athletes (31 men, M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 3.9 and 29 women, M age = 22.9 yr., SD = 4.3) who practiced endurance activities (running, swimming, and cycling) were considered high-level performers because they participated in national or international competition. The athletes were interviewed, and Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to evaluate and quantify two cognitive strategies. Most specifically, categories of association concerned the way the athlete paid close attention to bodily signals, and categories of dissociation described how the athlete shunned sensory inputs. Analysis of variance and the t test showed that women tend to be more dissociative than men and men more associative than women. The results suggest that pain perception in these sports may be a function of sex.

Hidden Fissures and Epidemics in Plain Sight: The Common Paths of Syphilis and HIV in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The paper examines and compares two epidemics in Russia: syphilis in the first quarter of 20th century and HIV in the early 21st century. The author considers both epidemics from the standpoint of the social sciences by applying the concept of vulnerability to underline the social and cultural factors that cause one social group to be more susceptible to a disease than another. The article focuses on gender-based vulnerability and maintains that both epidemics follow a single, structurally similar scenario. The author shows that the vulnerability of women during both the syphilis and HIV epidemics depends upon the clear continuity in the way gender roles and expectations and the relationships between men and women were structured during the early days of the USSR and in present-day Russia. The article analyzes how stigma arises and how in both eras inequality of power and expectations for men and women formed the main channel for transmission of disease. The paths along which modern epidemics spread have been mostly inherited from the epidemics of past centuries, and in particular the HIV epidemic is following a pattern derived from the syphilis epidemic. More precisely, the current epidemics exploit the same vulnerability of certain groups, vulnerability rooted in the past and still manifest in the norms and relations in contemporary culture and society where one group is much more exposed than the other. The article relies on historical sources, in particular Lev Friedland"s book Behind a Closed Door: Observations of a Venereologist published in 1927, for its account of the syphilis epidemic in the early 20th century and on the author"s own research into the experience of women living with HIV in contemporary Russia.

Palliative care clinicians and online education in India: a survey

2018 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2018-001546
Author(s):  
Tayler Kiss-Lane ◽  
Odette Spruijt ◽  
Thomas Day ◽  
Vivian Lam ◽  
Kavitha J Ramchandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Education In India ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Care Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Case Based

BackgroundWhether online resources can facilitate spread of palliative care knowledge and skills in India is an urgent question given few providers and a large, ageing population.ObjectivesWe surveyed needs and feasibility regarding e-learning.MethodsIndian, Australian and North American palliative care experts developed an electronic survey using Qualtrics, emailed to all registrants of the 2017 Indian Association of Palliative Care (IAPC) conference and distributed during the conference.ResultsOf 60 respondents (66% men, 60% doctors), most worked in hospitals and had oncology backgrounds, and 35% were from Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Most (90.9%) received palliative care training in India or overseas with 41% trained in a Trivandrum Institute of Palliative Sciences residential course (4–6 weeks). 17% completed the IAPC essential certificate and 22% had undertaken various distance learning courses. Interest in online training was substantial for most aspects of palliative care.ConclusionThere was a high level of interest and reported feasibility in taking a case-based online course. This pilot survey provides support for online case-based education in India, particularly among physicians.

scholarly journals Pre-service Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Teaching Efficacy Beliefs and Attitudes toward Teaching: A Partial Correlation Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
Busra Kartal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Elementary Science ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Science And Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Teachers with a high level of self-efficacy and positive attitudes are more likely to use new and constructivist approaches and to create a learning environment in which students may develop 21st-century skills. Examining pre-service teachers’ attitudes and beliefs related to teaching allow teacher preparation programs to evaluate their effectiveness on beliefs and attitudes. This correlational research investigated pre-service elementary science and mathematics teachers’ beliefs and attitudes due to gender, grade level, and department, and revealed the reliable correlation between beliefs and attitudes performing partial correlation. Results show that females feel more efficacious in teaching and have more positive attitudes than males. 4th grades also perceive a higher level of efficacy for student engagement and using instructional strategies than 1st grades. Partial correlation coefficients revealed positive strong relationships between attitudes and efficacy beliefs. Recommendations are suggested based on implications.

scholarly journals Aproximación a los enfoques de género e interseccionalidad: aprendizajes significativos en la interacción de estudiantes universitarios con una comunidad indígena del Ecuador / Approach to Gender and Intersectionality perspectives: Meaningful Learning in the Interaction of University Students with an Indigenous Community in Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alejandra Yepez ◽  
Carolina Cedeño ◽  
Eduardo Granja ◽  
Tarquino Yacelga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

ABSTRACTUniversidad de Las Américas (UDLA) -Quito, initiated the "Gender roles in the family environment of the El Topo Commune" project, which aims to promote equitable relationships between men and women, and prevent gender-based violence. In addition, the project seeks to expose and act on inequities and social problems of violence. The study focused on evidencing the learning and changes generated in the students as a result of training, sensitization, and interaction with the El Topo indigenous community.  In this context gender, intersectionality, and community outreach and interculturality are combined in the challenge of promoting meaningful learning (action research).RESUMENLa Universidad de las Américas (UDLA)–Quito, inició el proyecto “Roles de género en el entorno familiar de la Comuna El Topo”, cuyo objetivo es promover relaciones equitativas entre hombres y mujeres, y prevenir violencia de género.  Además, se pretende visibilizar y actuar frente a inequidades y problemáticas sociales de violencia. El estudio se enfocó en evidenciar los aprendizajes y cambios generados en las y los estudiantes a partir de la capacitación, sensibilización e interacción con la comunidad indígena El Topo. En este contexto se conjugan género, interseccionalidad, y vinculación comunitaria e interculturalidad bajo el reto de promover aprendizajes significativos (investigación-acción).

scholarly journals Women and Concussion

Concussion ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Brian Hainline ◽  
Lindsey J. Gurin ◽  
Daniel M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
American Football ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Most of the concussion literature is devoted to concussion and men, and this literature focuses primarily on American football and ice hockey. Yet women appear to be more prone to sport-related concussion than men, and may manifest with more concussion-like symptoms both at both baseline and post-concussion. There may be both endocrinologic and biomechanical reasons why women’s concussive symptoms are different from men’s, but this remains incompletely understood. There may also be sex-based and gender-based differences in how men and women experience and describe concussion. It is important to understand these distinctions when managing concussion in women.

Fluoride Concentration in Groundwater of Khapa Town, Saoner Tehsil, Nagpur District – A Case Study

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchir Gupta ◽  
◽  
Rashmi Gupta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Nagpur District ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
High Level

Fluoride is known to contaminate groundwater in many countries notably India, Sri Lanka, China, rift valley countries in East Africa, Turkey and parts of South Africa. Sporadic incidence of high fluoride content in groundwater has been reported in 19 states and union territories across the country (CGWB 2010; Pol 2012). The fluoride occurrences in top aquifer system are endemic in many parts of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar and Kerala (Agarwal et al. 1997; Latha et al. (1999); Gopalakrishnan et al. (2012). The toxicity of fluoride is generally influenced by high ambient temperature, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium contents in drinking water (BIS 1991). High level of fluoride posses serious health hazards to humans and irreversible damage to plants. The present study was carried out to assess the fluoride concentration of groundwater in the selected villages around Khapa town of Nagpur district.

Breathing Under Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mesquita Borges ◽  
Rita Faria
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Gender Specific

The current chapter will allow a better understanding of refugee women's situation in global-forced migration. It also offers a comprehensive account of the ways in which refugee women's experiences of violence are shaped by gendered relations and structures. Furthermore, the chapter will analyze the interactions between the gender identity formation of men and women, the context of escape, displacement and asylum seeking, and the experience or manifestation of gender-based violence against refugee women. Finally, it also intends to illustrate how structural and symbolic violence and power relations cooperate to shape experiences of violence for refugee women and how it can influence and perpetuate interpersonal violence. In this sense, several studies are presented that demonstrate, on one hand, how gender relations are affected by escape, displacement, and asylum, and how they can create different practices of structural and symbolic violence; and, on the other hand, draw attention to the current lack of gender-specific analysis of the problem of asylum and refugees.

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