scholarly journals Burden of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in India based on data from cross-sectional serosurveys, 2017 and 2019–20

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009608
Author(s):  
Devika Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Shally Awasthi ◽  
Bhagirathi Dwibedi ◽  
S. Geetha ◽  
Manish Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Elimination Goal

Background India has set a goal to eliminate measles and rubella/Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) by 2023. Towards this goal, India conducted nationwide supplementary immunization activity (SIA) with measles-rubella containing vaccine (MRCV) targeting children aged between 9 months to <15 years and established a hospital-based sentinel surveillance for CRS. Reliable data about incidence of CRS is necessary to monitor progress towards the elimination goal. Methods We conducted serosurveys in 2019–20 among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of 6 hospitals, which were also sentinel sites for CRS surveillance, to estimate the prevalence of IgG antibodies against rubella. We systematically sampled 1800 women attending antenatal clinics and tested their sera for IgG antibodies against rubella. We used rubella seroprevalence data from the current survey and the survey conducted in 2017 among antenatal women from another 6 CRS surveillance sites to construct a catalytic models to estimate the incidence and burden of CRS. Result The seroprevalence of rubella antibodies was 82.3% (95% CI: 80.4–84.0). Rubella seropositivity did not differ by age group and educational status. Based on the constant and age-dependent force of infection models, we estimated that the annual incidence of CRS in India was 225.58 per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 217.49–232.41) and 65.47 per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 41.60–104.16) respectively. This translated to an estimated 14,520 (95% CI: 9,225–23,100) and 50,028 (95% CI: 48,234–51,543) infants with CRS every year based on age-dependent and constant force of infection models respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicated that about one fifth of women in the reproductive age group in India were susceptible for rubella. The estimates of CRS incidence will serve as a baseline to monitor the impact of MRCV SIAs, as well progress towards the elimination goal of rubella/CRS.

scholarly journals Epidemio-clinical aspects of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Todisoa N. Andriatahina ◽  
Lantonirina Ravaoarisoa ◽  
Andrianina H. Ranivoson ◽  
Vonintsoa L. Rahajamanana ◽  
Zina A. Randriananahirana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Congenital rubella syndrome is the first congenital defect preventable by vaccination. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the extent and epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study from January 2013 to May 2019 was conducted in 8 hospitals in 2 provinces of Madagascar, Antananarivo and Toliara. The study included children who attended the services selected during the study period and who had the following conditions: children aged of 0 to 59 months, regardless of vaccination status, meeting the World Health Organization clinical criteria for congenital rubella syndrome with or without biological confirmation.Results: Of the 152,304 cases of children of all ages who visited or were hospitalized during the study period, 112 clinically confirmed cases of congenital rubella syndrome were identified. The age group 0 to 11 months involved 60 children (53.6%). Congenital heart disease was found in 83.0% of cases, mental backwardness in 43.7% and microcephaly in 26.8%. Twenty-three among (20.5%) them died. The death was due to cardiac diseases in 16 children.Conclusions: Findings confirm that the diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is underestimated in current pediatric practice in Madagascar. The introduction of the rubella vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization and the implementation of an effective and sustainable surveillance system for congenital rubella syndrome in the country is a proved effective tool for the prevention of this disease.

Immunity to polio, measles and rubella in women of child-bearing age and estimated congenital rubella syndrome incidence, Cambodia, 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1858-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. MAO ◽  
K. CHHENG ◽  
K. WANNEMUEHLER ◽  
E. VYNNYCKY ◽  
S. BUTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rubella Antibody

SUMMARYSignificant gaps in immunity to polio, measles, and rubella may exist in adults in Cambodia and threaten vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) elimination and control goals, despite high childhood vaccination coverage. We conducted a nationwide serological survey during November–December 2012 of 2154 women aged 15–39 years to assess immunity to polio, measles, and rubella and to estimate congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) incidence. Measles and rubella antibodies were detected by IgG ELISA and polio antibodies by microneutralization testing. Age-structured catalytic models were fitted to rubella serological data to predict CRS cases. Overall, 29·8% of women lacked immunity to at least one poliovirus (PV); seroprevalence to PV1, PV2 and PV3 was 85·9%, 93·4% and 83·3%, respectively. Rubella and measles antibody seroprevalence was 73·3% and 95·9%, respectively. In the 15–19 years age group, 48·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 42·4–54·1] were susceptible to either PV1 or PV3, and 40·3% (95% CI 33·0–47·5) to rubella virus. Based on rubella antibody seroprevalence, we estimate that >600 infants are born with CRS in Cambodia annually. Significant numbers of Cambodian women are still susceptible to polio and rubella, especially those aged 15–19 years, emphasizing the need to include adults in VPD surveillance and a potential role for vaccination strategies targeted at adults.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Greece, 1994-2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Panagiotopoulos ◽  
T Georgakopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Very High ◽  
Preventive Policy

In 1993, there was a large epidemic of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Greece. The epidemiology of rubella and CRS after 1993 is described in this paper using information from surveillance data and published studies and reports. The incidence of rubella fell sharply after 1993, but a smaller outbreak occurred in 1999, mainly in young adults, and four CRS cases (4.0 per 100 000 live births) were recorded. A very high proportion of the child population in Greece are currently vaccinated for rubella, while teenagers are inadequately covered (60-80% in different studies). A substantial proportion of women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella (10-20% in urban areas). This could lead to local or more extended outbreaks. This situation shows that a comprehensive preventive policy should be implemented.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Rubella IgG Antibodies among Pregnant Women in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
B. J. Okonko ◽  
T. I. Cookey ◽  
I. O. Okonko ◽  
O. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: Rubella virus is the cause of the communicable viral infection that can affect the foetus causing foetal loss or congenital rubella syndrome. Plasma samples from 180 pregnant women attending tertiary hospitals in River State, Nigeria were examined randomly to evaluate the prevalence of rubella virus (RubV) IgG antibodies. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) now Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) between September 2015 and August 2017. Methods: The sample of this study was composed of 180 pregnant women. ELISA was used to detect the RubV IgG antibodies and prevalence was correlated with sociodemographic factors. Results: The study result revered that 155(86.1%) were positive for RubV IgG while 25(13.9%) were negative for RubV IgG. Of the 90 samples examined from BMSH, 71(78.9%) were IgG-positive. From UPTH, 84(93.3%) were positive for RubV IgG. The highest (100%) seropositivity for RubV IgG was found in age groups 39-43 years.  No RubV IgG was recorded in age groups 44-48 years.  Women in their third trimester had the highest prevalence of RubV IgG antibodies (94.7%). Those with secondary education had the highest prevalence of RubV IgG (93.4%). Vaccinated pregnant women had the highest prevalence (87.4%). Among the variables evaluated, education (p=0.023), occupation (p=0.040), marital status (p=0.001) and vaccination history (p=0.005) were the main correlates in this study. Conclusions: This study has shown evidence of immunity among expectant mothers in this study (86.1%) with 13.9% being vulnerable to rubella virus infection. Completion of adequate rubella vaccination along intensified surveillance of the vulnerable population remains the keystone for the control of congenital rubella syndrome in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Fiji, 1995–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetalpreet Singh ◽  
Frances Bingwor ◽  
Katherine Tayler-Smith ◽  
Marcel Manzi ◽  
Guy B. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

Setting. A nationwide study in Fiji.Objective. To describe the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and its relationship to the incidence of notified cases of rubella in Fiji from 1995 to 2010.Design. Descriptive, retrospective review of all recorded congenital abnormalities associated with live births in Fiji over 16 years.Results. There were 294 infants who met the criteria for CRS. Of these, 95% were classified as “suspected” cases, 5% were “clinically confirmed,” and none were “laboratory confirmed cases”. There was a significant linear increase over the study period in the incidence of CRS (odds ratio 1.045 per year, 95% CI 1.019 to 1.071,P≤0.001). There was no significant association between the incidence of CRS and the reported incidence of rubella (P=0.3).Conclusion. There is a rising trend in reports of suspected CRS cases in Fiji. This highlights the need to strengthen surveillance for CRS through improvements in clinical and laboratory diagnosis to confirm or exclude suspected cases. It is also important to ensure high coverage of rubella vaccination in Fiji.

Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in Bangladesh: Systematic Review of Existing Literature and Transmission Modelling of Seroprevalence Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Chan ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
James Wood ◽  
Mohammad Muhit ◽  
Mohammed K. Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives: Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable congenital anomalies. Comprehensive country-level data on the burden of CRS in low and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, are scarce. This information is essential for assessing the impact of rubella vaccination programs. We aim to systematically review the literature on the epidemiology of CRS and estimate the burden of CRS in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of existing literature and transmission modelling of seroprevalence studies to estimate the pre-vaccine period burden of CRS in Bangladesh. OVID Medline (1948 – 23 November 2016) and OVID EMBASE (1974 – 23 November 2016) were searched using a combination of the database-specific controlled vocabulary and free text terms. We used an age-stratified deterministic model to estimate the pre-vaccination burden of CRS in Bangladesh. Findings: Ten articles were identified, published between 2000 and 2014, including seven crosssectional studies, two case series and one analytical case-control study. Rubella seropositivity ranged from 47.0% to 86.0% among all age population. Rubella sero–positivity increased with age. Rubella seropositivity among women of childbearing age was 81.0% overall. The estimated incidence of CRS was 0·99 per 1,000 live births, which corresponds to approximately 3,292 CRS cases annually in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The estimated burden of CRS in Bangladesh during the pre-vaccination period was high. This will provide important baseline information to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of routine rubella immunisation, introduced in 2012 in Bangladesh.

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