scholarly journals Prevalence of Rubella IgG Antibodies among Pregnant Women in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
B. J. Okonko ◽  
T. I. Cookey ◽  
I. O. Okonko ◽  
O. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: Rubella virus is the cause of the communicable viral infection that can affect the foetus causing foetal loss or congenital rubella syndrome. Plasma samples from 180 pregnant women attending tertiary hospitals in River State, Nigeria were examined randomly to evaluate the prevalence of rubella virus (RubV) IgG antibodies. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) now Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) between September 2015 and August 2017. Methods: The sample of this study was composed of 180 pregnant women. ELISA was used to detect the RubV IgG antibodies and prevalence was correlated with sociodemographic factors. Results: The study result revered that 155(86.1%) were positive for RubV IgG while 25(13.9%) were negative for RubV IgG. Of the 90 samples examined from BMSH, 71(78.9%) were IgG-positive. From UPTH, 84(93.3%) were positive for RubV IgG. The highest (100%) seropositivity for RubV IgG was found in age groups 39-43 years.  No RubV IgG was recorded in age groups 44-48 years.  Women in their third trimester had the highest prevalence of RubV IgG antibodies (94.7%). Those with secondary education had the highest prevalence of RubV IgG (93.4%). Vaccinated pregnant women had the highest prevalence (87.4%). Among the variables evaluated, education (p=0.023), occupation (p=0.040), marital status (p=0.001) and vaccination history (p=0.005) were the main correlates in this study. Conclusions: This study has shown evidence of immunity among expectant mothers in this study (86.1%) with 13.9% being vulnerable to rubella virus infection. Completion of adequate rubella vaccination along intensified surveillance of the vulnerable population remains the keystone for the control of congenital rubella syndrome in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Seropositive HIV and HBsAg Cases among Women Booking for Antenatal Care at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. Macpepple ◽  
B. O. Altraide ◽  
D. H. John
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
State University ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global public health problems. These infections during pregnancy increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, and also pose a risk to the fetus due to mother to child transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of seropositive HIV and HBsAg cases amongst pregnant women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital and laboratory records of all pregnant women booked at RSUTH in two years, from May 2017 to April 2019, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, parity and educational level and reactivity of HIV and HBsAg test at booking were retrieved using structured proforma and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7. Test for significance using Chi-square was set at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: 3560 patients had HIV and HBsAg screening out of which 148 (4.2%) and 9 (0.3%) respectively were positive. The comorbidity rate in this study was 0.06%. The mean age was 31.5±4.7 years and the mean gestational age at booking was 22.1±6.8 weeks. There was no significant relationship between their age (χ2 = 2.690, p-value=0.442) and parity (χ2 = 3.759, p-value = 0.145) with HIV seropositivity, but these were significant for HBsAg (χ2 = 13.691, p-value = 0.003) (χ2 = 13.121, p-value=0.001).  Educational status was significant for HIV (χ2 = 16.188, p-value=0.000) but not for HBsAg (χ2 = 0.229, p-value=0.892). Conclusion: The seroprevalence rate of HIV and HBsAg in this study were low. HIV seroprevalence was significantly affected by lower education, while HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly affected by younger maternal age and nulliparity. Continued screening of pregnant women for these infections remains valuable and further community-based studies to identify risk factors are recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Seropositive VDRL Cases amongst Pregnant Women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: Is Routine Screening for Syphilis Using VDRL Still Relevant?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. MacPepple ◽  
N. J. Kwosah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
State University ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Untreated maternal syphilis is strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes. The WHO recommends routine serological screening in pregnancy. Some workers have advised a reappraisal of this practice, having demonstrated low seroprevalence in their antenatal population. Objective: To determine the prevalence of seropositive VDRL cases amongst pregnant women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in order to justify the need and cost-effectiveness for continued routine syphilis screening using VDRL alone. Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital and laboratory records of all pregnant women booked for antenatal care (ANC) at RSUTH in a two-year period, from May 2017 to April 2019, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, parity and educational level, and reactivity of VDRL test at booking were retrieved using structured pro-forma and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7. Test for significance using Chi-square was set at significant level of P<0.05. Results: 3560 clinic patients had VDRL screening out of which 63 were positive. The overall prevalence rate in this study was 1.8%. The mean age was 31.5±4.7 years and the mean gestational age at booking was 22.1±6.8 weeks. There was no significant relationship between their age (χ2 = 0.403, p-value=0.940), parity (χ2 = 3.707, p-value=0.0.157), and educational status (χ2 = 1.853, p-value=0.396), and seropositivity. The cost of VDRL test per patient in RSUTH is $3, to detect the 63 cases the sum of $10,680 was spent. Conclusion: The seroprevalence rate of syphilis in this study was low. Initial screening using VDRL alone is neither justified nor cost effective. Selective screening based on risk factors and specific test with TPHA is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence of post-operative anaemia in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Kalio DGB ◽  
Eli S ◽  
Okagua KE ◽  
Allagoa DO
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Work Up

Background: Post-operative anaemia is often a reflection of pre-operative pre-operative work-up and pre-operative anaemia. In addition. Post-operative anaemia is also determined by co-morbidities of patients prior to surgery. The prevalence of post-operative anaemia varies based on surgical specialties and the experience of the surgeon; prevalence rates as high as 85% have been recorded in orthopaedic surgeries. Aim: To determine the prevalence of post-operative anaemic in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Method: This was a six months cross sectional study of the post-operative anaemia of patients who had operation at the Surgery and Obstetrics/Gyaecology departments of The Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. The permission for the study was granted by the head of department of obstetrics and gynaecology in conjunction with the head of .the hospital management. The yard stick for anaemia was packed cell volume less than 33% in line with the World Health Organization (WHO). A structured proforma was used to obtain information from patient’s case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: Three hundred and eigthy subjects were recruited for the study. Males subjects were 150 (39.5%) while females were 230 (60.5%) respectively. The mean age was 31 years. One hundred and ninety nine (52.4%) were obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries while 181 (47.6 %) were non-gynaecological surgeries. The commonest indication for surgery was caesarean section representing 130 (34.2%) of the subjects. Two hundred and sixty six of the subjects (70%) had PCV less than 33%. One hundred and fifty two (40%) women had PCV less than 33% while 114 (30%) of the men had PCV less than 33%. Conclusion: The study revealed that prevalence of post-operative anaemia amongst surgical patients at RSUTH was 70 %. The post-operative anaemia amongst women was worrisome. The need to optimize patients prior to surgery cannot be over-emphasized to prevent morbidities and mortalities post-operative.

scholarly journals Rubella virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinics of public hospitals in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biniam Tamirat ◽  
Siraj Hussen ◽  
Techalew Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubella Virus Infection

ObjectiveTo assess the seroprevalence of recent/acute and past exposure to rubella virus infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women.DesignA hospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in two public hospitals in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 422 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics were selected using a systematic random sampling technique from March to June 2016.Outcome measuresData on sociodemography and related factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were also collected from each study participant and tested for antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA. IgG seropositivity indicates past exposure to rubella (protective immunity). IgM seropositivity indicates recent exposure to rubella (or reinfection).ResultsThe seroprevalence of antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies was 2.1% and 86.3%, respectively. Thus, the rate of susceptibility to rubella virus infection among pregnant women was found to be 13.7%. A significant association between residence site and IgG seropositivity was observed, where urban dwellers had higher past rubella exposure compared with rural residents (crude OR 6.3; 95% CI 3.29 to 12.14, p<0.001).ConclusionThe high rate of rubella exposure and its similar distribution by sociodemography (except residence site) suggests the continuous transmission and endemicity of the infection in the study area. These findings emphasise the importance of introducing rubella-containing vaccine into routine childhood immunisation programme and vaccinating susceptible women of childbearing age.

scholarly journals Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Cancer in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Tamunoiyowuna G. Okari ◽  
Boma A. West ◽  
Woroma Wonodi
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Treatment Variable ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Malignancy ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Rivers State

Introduction: Childhood cancer is on the increase globally with a heterogenous distribution in the type seen in different localities, age groups, and gender. So also, is the outcome of treatment variable in different countries and is dependent on the availability of funds, drugs, medical equipment among others. Aim: To determine the pattern and outcome of childhood cancer in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methods: A 5-year retrospective study was carried out in RSUTH from January 2015 to December 2019. The case notes of all children aged 1-16years with diagnosis of childhood malignancy were retrieved and only those with histopathologic diagnosis of cancer and complete data were included in the study. Results: Thirty-two children aged 1-16years, with a median age of 6years, 24 (75%) males and 8 (25%) females were recruited for the study. The median duration of symptoms was 3 months. Majority of the care givers (75%) were of low socio-economic class. Leukaemia 8 (25%) and lymphomas 5 (18.8%) were the common malignancies seen and 50% had metastatic disease at presentation. Fever (62.5%), weight loss (56.3%) and pallor (46.9%) were common complaints given, while chemotherapy alone 5 (15.6%) or in combination with surgery 5 (15.6%) was the most given treatment. Three (9.4%) children completed treatment and are alive, 28.1% requested for discharge against medical advice and 28.1% died. Conclusion: Leukemia and lymphomas are common forms of childhood malignancy in our facility. Majority of the caregivers were poor and unable to complete the required treatment of their children.

scholarly journals A Five-Year Review of Caesarean Section at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, South-South, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Felix Chikaike Clement Wekere ◽  
Rose Sitonma Iwo-Amah ◽  
Joseph Ngozi Kwosah ◽  
Adetomi Bademosi ◽  
Simeon Chijioke Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Review Period ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is a major obstetric surgery done for pregnant women and is lifesaving.  Aim: The study was aimed at reviewing CS at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), to determine the prevalence, trend and indications, for improved management outcomes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed five thousand, five hundred and ninety-eight (5598) cases of caesarean sections (3699 emergency, 1899 planned) managed at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2019.  Data collected were analysed using IBM, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 25.0 Armonk, New York. Results: There were 13,516 deliveries and 5,598 cases of CS over the review period, giving the prevalence of CS as 41.4% or 414 per 1000 deliveries.  Emergency and planned CS cases accounted for 66.1% and 33.9% respectively. An increasing trend of CS was observed over the review period. The mean age ± SD of the participants was 32.30±1.04 years (95% CI:30.26,34.34). Modal age group was 35-39 years, accounting for 33.2% followed by those aged 30-34 years (26.2%). Majority of the patients were multipara [3396 (60.7%)], married [4890 (87.4%)], Christians [5540 (99%)] and had tertiary level education [2800 (50%)]. The commonest indication for CS in RSUTH was previous caesarean section [1925(34%)], followed by cephalopelvic disproportion [757(13.4%)], foetal distress [418(7.4%)], preeclampsia [390(6.9%)] and multiple gestation [252 (4.5%)]. Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high in RSUTH with an increasing trend.  Although CS is lifesaving, efforts should be made to reduce the rate to the level recommended by WHO, especially in Low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is high aversion to CS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women at Booking in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olujimi A. Olatunbosun ◽  
Aniekan M. Abasiattai ◽  
Emem A. Bassey ◽  
Robert S. James ◽  
Godwin Ibanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Background. Anaemia with an estimated prevalence of 35–75% among pregnant women is a major cause of maternal deaths in Nigeria.Objective. To determine the prevalence of anaemia, associated sociodemographic factors and red cell morphological pattern among pregnant women during booking at the University Teaching Hospital, Uyo.Material and Methods. A cross-sectional analytical study of 400 women at the booking clinic over a 16-week period. The packed cell volume and red cell morphology of each pregnant woman were determined. Their biodata, obstetric and medical histories, and results of other routine investigations were obtained with questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS Package version 17.0.Results. The mean packed cell volume was 31.8%±3.2and 54.5% of the women were anaemic. The commonest blood picture was microcytic hypochromia and normocytic hypochromia suggesting iron deficiency anaemia. Anaemia was significantly and independently related to a history of fever in the index pregnancy (OR=0.4;P=0.00; 95%CI=0.3–0.7), HIV positive status (OR=0.2;P=0.01; 95%CI=0.1–0.6), and low social class (OR=0.3;P=0.00; 95%CI=0.2–0.7).Conclusion. Women need to be economically empowered and every pregnant woman should be encouraged to obtain antenatal care, where haematinics supplementation can be given and appropriate investigations and treatment of causes of fever and management of HIV can be instituted.

scholarly journals Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Philippines: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna Lena Lopez ◽  
Peter Francis N. Raguindin ◽  
Maria Asuncion Silvestre ◽  
Xenia Cathrine J. Fabay ◽  
Ariel B. Vinarao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Background. As part of regional elimination efforts, rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) have recently been introduced in the Philippines, yet the true burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the country is largely unknown.Objective. To provide baseline information on rubella and CRS prior to routine vaccine introduction in the Philippines.Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review on rubella and CRS in the Philippines, including a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 383 pregnant women attending the obstetric outpatient clinic of the Philippine General Hospital to assess rubella susceptibility of women of childbearing age.Results. 15 locally published and unpublished studies were reviewed. Susceptibility to rubella among women of childbearing age was higher in rural communities. Retrospective reviews revealed congenital heart diseases, cataracts, and hearing impairments to be most common presentations in children of CRS. In the cross-sectional study, 59 (15.4%) of the 383 pregnant women enrolled were seronegative for rubella IgG.Conclusion. Similar to other countries introducing RCV, it was only recently that surveillance for rubella has been established. Previous studies show substantial disabilities due to CRS and a substantial proportion of susceptible women who are at risk for having babies affected with CRS. Establishment of CRS surveillance and enhanced awareness on rubella case detection should be prioritized.

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