scholarly journals Characterization of the Poly-T Variant in the TOMM40 Gene in Diverse Populations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e30994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colton Linnertz ◽  
Ann M. Saunders ◽  
Michael W. Lutz ◽  
Donna M. Crenshaw ◽  
Iris Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diverse Populations

scholarly journals Characterization of the Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in an Interspecific Arachis Spp. Hybrid1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Starr ◽  
G. L. Schuster ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Acid Fuchsin ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Race 1

Abstract Seedlings of TP-135, an interspecific hybrid derived from four Arachis spp. and resistant to Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, and the susceptible cultivar Tamnut 74 were inoculated with 2,500 freshly hatched juveniles of M. arenaria. Plants were harvested at 7, 14, 21, and 35 days after inoculation (DAI) and the roots treated with acid fuchsin to stain infecting nematodes. Adult females with eggs were detected in roots of Tamnut 74 at 21 DAI, producing 1,395 eggs/g roots at 35 DAI. Most nematodes remained as second-stage juveniles and no nematode was observed to develop beyond the third or fourth juvenile stage in roots of TP-135 by 35 DAI. In other experiments, seedlings of Tamnut 74 and root cuttings of TP-135 were each inoculated separately with 3,000 eggs of 10 geographically diverse populations of M. arenaria race 1. All populations of the nematode had greater (P = 0.01) reproduction on Tamnut 74 than on TP-135. Based on these data, we conclude that although the mechanism of resistance in TP-135 to M. arenaria is most similar to that of the wild species A. cardenasii, it is not identical to that of any of the nematode-resistant parental species. Furthermore, we believe that the resistance will be effective against a range of populations of the nematode.

Resolving discordant CYP2D6 genotyping results in Thai: platform limitations and novel haplotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowaluck Hongkaew ◽  
Wendy Y Wang ◽  
Roger Gaedigk ◽  
Chonlaphat Sukasem ◽  
Andrea Gaedigk
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Thai Subjects ◽  
Long Range Pcr

Aim: Several CYP2D6 Luminex xTAG genotype calls were identified as inconsistent or suspicious among Thai subjects and further characterized to identify the root causes. Material & methods: Forty-eight subjects were followed-up with long-range-PCR, quantitative copy number assays and/or Sanger sequencing. Results: Most of the Luminex-duplication calls were either negative or had hybrid structures involving CYP2D6*36 in various configurations. Ten samples were inaccurately called as CYP2D6*2, *29 or *35 alleles. Sequencing revealed three novel haplotypes, CYP2D6*142, *143 and *144 of which two are nonfunctional. Conclusion: The Luminex platform produced a relatively high number of false genotype calls for Thai subjects. Our findings underscore the need for the systematic characterization of the CYP2D6 locus in diverse populations and rigorous platform validation.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of a mutation’s expressivity and penetrance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Schell ◽  
Martin N. Mullis ◽  
Takeshi Matsui ◽  
Ryan Foree ◽  
Ian M. Ehrenreich
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Complex Genetics ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

AbstractMutations often have different effects in genetically distinct individuals. Epistasis between mutations and segregating loci is known to be a major contributor to these background effects, but the architecture of these genetic interactions remains largely unknown. Here, we characterize how segregating loci in a cross of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains impact growth following the deletion of the histone deacetylase HOS3. The functions of HOS3 are not well understood and historically its deletion has shown little effect on reference strains. However, we map two loci that genetically interact with HOS3 and each other to produce a broad range of responses to the deletion, including near inviability. Although these interactions explain nearly all of the deletion’s expressivity, their penetrance depends on a liability threshold involving at least 11 additional nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Multiple lines of evidence imply the deletion uncovers genetically complex changes in translation and genome stability in the mitochondria, suggesting a novel connection between Hos3-mediated deacetylation and the mitochondria. These results provide a valuable example of the complicated and unexpected mechanisms that can cause background effects in genetically diverse populations, and show how characterization of background effects can provide new insights into gene function.One Sentence SummaryComplex genetics shape a mutation’s penetrance and expressivity.

scholarly journals Remarkable Predominance of a Small Number of Genotypes in Greenhouse Populations of Botrytis cinerea

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bardin ◽  
Véronique Decognet ◽  
Philippe C. Nicot
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Clonal Spread

Although Botrytis cinerea is known for its ability to produce high amounts of spores on diseased plants, enabling it to complete rapidly numerous developmental cycles in favorable environments, population genetics studies of this fungus indicate enormous diversity and limited clonal spread. Here, we report an exception to this situation in the settings of commercial tomato greenhouses. The genotypic characterization of 712 isolates collected from the air and from diseased plants, following the development of gray mold epidemics in four greenhouses in southern France, revealed the presence of a few predominant genotypes in a background of highly diverse populations. The comparison of genotypic profiles for isolates collected in the air or on the plants was compatible with the hypothesis of an entry in the greenhouse of substantial amounts of inoculum from the outside environment but it also highlighted the importance of secondary inoculum produced within the crop. The overall results of this work suggest that sporulation could be an important target for disease management strategies in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Gestationally-Dependent Immune Organization at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R. Moore ◽  
Nora Vivanco Gonzalez ◽  
Katherine A. Plummer ◽  
Olivia R. Mitchel ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

The immune system and placenta have a dynamic relationship across gestation to accommodate fetal growth and development. High-resolution characterization of this maternal-fetal interface is necessary to better understand the immunology of pregnancy and its complications. We developed a single-cell framework to simultaneously immuno-phenotype circulating, endovascular, and tissue-resident cells at the maternal-fetal interface throughout gestation, discriminating maternal and fetal contributions. Our data reveal distinct immune profiles across the endovascular and tissue compartments with tractable dynamics throughout gestation that respond to a systemic immune challenge in a gestationally-dependent manner. We uncover that mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils drive the temporal immune composition of the placenta with remarkably diverse populations, including PD-L1-expressing subsets having compartmental and early gestational bias. Our approach and accompanying datasets provide a resource for additional investigations into gestational immunology and evoke a more significant role for the innate immune system in establishing the microenvironment of early pregnancy.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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