scholarly journals Vaccination Rates among the General Adult Population and High-Risk Groups in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e50553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Annunziata ◽  
Aaron Rak ◽  
Heather Del Buono ◽  
Marco DiBonaventura ◽  
Girishanthy Krishnarajah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals PIN41 INFLUENZA VACCINATION RATES AMONG HIGH RISK GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. A121
Author(s):  
M. DiBonaventura ◽  
J.S. Wagner ◽  
A. Goren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rates

scholarly journals Prospects for Vaccine Prevention of Meningococcal Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee H. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccine ◽  
The Military

SUMMARY Neisseria meningitidis is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States and worldwide. A serogroup A/C/W-135/Y polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine has been licensed in the United States since 1981 but has not been used universally outside of the military. On 14 January 2005, a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine that covers meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y was licensed in the United States for 11- to 55-year-olds and is now recommended for the routine immunization of adolescents and other high-risk groups. This review covers the changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the United States, issues related to vaccine prevention, and recommendations on the use of the new vaccine.

scholarly journals Heterosexual Transmission of Hepatitis B and Implications for Vaccine Prevention Strategies

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam J Alter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Homosexual Activity

Since 1985, cases of hepatitis B virus infection attributable to heterosexual activity have increased by 38%, whereas those attributable to homosexual activity have declined by 62%, Heterosexual activity now accounts for 26% of cases and has replaced homosexual activity in importance as a risk factor for hepatitis B. For heterosexuals, the number of recent (ie, in the preceding four to six months) and lifetime sex partners, as well as a history of other sexually transmitted diseases (eg. syphilis) appear to be significantly associated with increased hepatitis B virus infection. Of equal concern is the rising number of cases among parenteral drug users in the United States and some minority groups, including blacks, Hispanics and Asians. Hepatitis B prevention by administering hepatitis B vaccine to high risk groups before exposure to infection has not been successful, and at least 30% of hepatitis B cases in the United States have no identifiable risk factors. Thus, participation in the current programs which target only high risk groups is not possible. The ideal immunization strategy is integration of hepatitis B vaccine in to the routine childhood immunization schedule.

Cigarette Smoking Prevalence Among Adults With HIV Compared With the General Adult Population in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rennatus Mdodo ◽  
Emma L. Frazier ◽  
Shanta R. Dube ◽  
Christine L. Mattson ◽  
Madeline Y. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals Burden of influenza hospitalization among high-risk groups in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Near ◽  
Jenny Tse ◽  
Yinong Young-Xu ◽  
David K. Hong ◽  
Carolina M. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Stage 1

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal influenza poses a substantial clinical and economic burden in the United States and vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with comorbidities, are at elevated risk for influenza-related medical complications.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus claims database in two stages. In Stage 1, we identified patients with evidence of medically-attended influenza during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to May 31, 2018 (latest available data for Stage 1) and used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify patient characteristics that predicted 30-day influenza-related hospitalization. Findings from Stage 1 informed high-risk subgroups of interest for Stage 2, where we selected cohorts of influenza patients during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to March 1, 2019 and used 1:1 propensity score matching to patient without influenza with similar high-risk characteristics to compare influenza-attributable rates of all-cause hospital and emergency department visits during follow-up (30-day and in index influenza season).ResultsIn Stage 1, more than 1.6 million influenza cases were identified, of which 18,509 (1.2%) had a hospitalization. Elderly age was associated with 9 times the odds of hospitalization (≥65 years vs. 5-17 years; OR=9.4, 95% CI 8.8-10.1) and select comorbidities were associated with 2-3 times the odds of hospitalization. In Stage 2, elderly influenza patients with comorbidities had 3 to 7 times higher 30-day hospitalization rates compared to matched patients without influenza, including patients with congestive heart failure (41.0% vs.7.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (34.6% vs. 6.1%), coronary artery disease (22.8% vs. 3.8%), and late-stage chronic kidney disease (44.1% vs. 13.1%; all p<0.05).ConclusionsThe risk of influenza-related complications is elevated in the elderly, especially those with certain underlying comorbidities, leading to excess healthcare resource utilization. Continued efforts, beyond currently available vaccines, are needed to reduce influenza burden in high-risk populations.

Chronic Kidney Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 638-652
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Urine Composition

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) as either (1) a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 〈60 mL/min with or without kidney damage for 3 or more months or (2) the presence of kidney damage for 3 or more months demonstrated by pathologic abnormalities, markers of kidney damage (e.g., blood or urine composition), or imaging tests. In the United States it is estimated that CKD affects 7–10% of the adult population or 15–20 million individuals, although specific subgroups such as African Americans and Hispanics are at especially high risk. Chapter 60 in this section of the volume reviews the complications of CKD.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use as a Function of Physical Activity and Golfing Motives in a National Sample of United States Golfers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Jimikaye Courtney ◽  
Eric Handley ◽  
Sherry Pagoto ◽  
Michael Russell ◽  
David E. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
The U.S

Alcohol and physical inactivity are risk factors for a variety of cancer types. However, alcohol use often co-occurs with physical activity (PA), which could mitigate the cancer-prevention benefits of PA. Alcohol is integrated into the culture of one of the most popular physical activities for adults in the United States (U.S.), golf. This study examined how alcohol use was associated with total PA, golf-specific PA, and motives for golfing in a national sample of golfers in the U.S. Adult golfers (n = 338; 51% male, 81% White, 46 ± 14.4 years) self-reported alcohol use, golfing behavior and motives, and PA. Most (84%) golfers consumed alcohol, averaging 7.91 servings/week. Golf participation, including days/week, holes/week, and practice hours/week, was not associated with alcohol use. Golfers with stronger social motives were 60% more likely to consume alcohol. Weekly walking (incident risk ratio (IRR) = 7.30), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; IRR = 5.04), and total PA (IRR = 4.14) were associated with more alcohol servings/week. Golfers’ alcohol use may be higher than the general adult population in the U.S. and contributes 775 extra kilocalories/week, a surplus that may offset PA-related energy expenditure and cancer-protective effects. Alcohol use interventions targeting golfers may facilitate weight loss and reduce cancer risk, especially for golfers motivated by social status.

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