Trends in High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among General Population Groups in China: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Homosexual men or men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection because of their high-risk sexual behaviors. In this large study, a meta-analytic approach was used to systematically analyze the literature to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of anal, penile, oral, and urethral HPV infection among MSM in the world.Methods: To carry out this systematic review, five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published from January 2012 through to November 2019, and pertinent data were collected from the eligible articles. The pooled HPV prevalences were calculated for each anatomical region using random-effect model weighted by the inverse variance method. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta.Results: The overall pooled prevalence of anal, penile, oral, and urethral HPV infection among MSM were 78.11 % (95% CI: 75.50%-80.52%), 36.26% (95% CI: 29.13%–44.05%), 17.33% (95% CI: 13.65%–21.75%), and 15.40% (95% CI: 7.86%–27.97%), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the prevalences of HPV were significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative MSM. The most frequent HPV high-risk type detected in the anus, penis, and oral cavity was HPV-16 (20.32%, 4.96%, and 3.16%, respectively). Conclusion: HPV infection is on the dramatic rise in MSM because of high-risk sexual behaviors, strongly suggesting the increased risk of developing HPV-related diseases and malignancies in this population. Among different sexual orientations, male homosexuality is associated with the highest risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections.

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Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among the general population and high-risk groups in the EU/EEA: a systematic review update

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4284-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ru Han ◽

Junwen Zhou ◽

Clément François ◽

Mondher Toumi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

High Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

The Eu

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The neurobiology of suicide in psychosis: A systematic review

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881120936919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 811-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ragy R Girgis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

High Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Lifetime Risk ◽

First Year ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Work Done ◽

The Relationship

The lifetime risk of dying by suicide in schizophrenia and related psychoses has been estimated to be approximately between 5% and 7%, though some have estimated that the number is closer to 10%. The highest risk for suicide occurs within the first year after presentation, when patients have a 12 times greater risk of dying by suicide than the general population, or a 60% higher risk compared with patients in other phases of psychosis, although the risk continues for many years. Some 31% of all deaths in first and early episode samples are due to suicide. Studies in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) or with attenuated positive symptoms also demonstrate that suicidality is common and problematic in these individuals. Therefore, suicide in psychosis is a particularly severe problem. In order to develop interventions aimed at reducing the risk of suicide in psychotic individuals, it will be critical to understand the neurobiology of suicide in psychosis. In this paper, I report on the results of a systematic review of the work done to date on the neurobiology of suicide in psychosis and on suicidality in the CHR period. I will also identify gaps in knowledge and discuss future strategies for studying the neurobiology of suicidality in psychosis that may help to disentangle the links between suicide and psychosis and, by doing so, allow us to gain a greater understanding of the relationship between suicide and psychosis, which is critical for developing interventions aimed at reducing the risk of suicide in psychotic individuals.

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Prevalence and burden of chronic kidney disease among the general population and high-risk groups in Africa: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e015069 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Samar Abd ElHafeez ◽

Davide Bolignano ◽

Graziella D’Arrigo ◽

Evangelia Dounousi ◽

Giovanni Tripepi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Risk Groups

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Burden of chronic kidney disease in the general population and high-risk groups in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258494

Author(s):

Nipun Shrestha ◽

Sanju Gautam ◽

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

Salim S. Virani ◽

Raja Ram Dhungana

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

General Population ◽

South Asia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging public health issue globally. The prevalence estimates on CKD in South Asia are however limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of CKD among the general and high-risk population in South Asia. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level prevalence studies in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). Three databases namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for published reports of kidney disease in South Asia up to 28 October 2020. A random-effect model for computing the pooled prevalence was used. Results Of the 8749 identified studies, a total of 24 studies were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of CKD among the general population was 14% (95% CI 11–18%), and 15% (95% CI 11–20%) among adult males and 13% (95% CI 10–17%) in adult females. The prevalence of CKD was 27% (95% CI 20–35%) in adults with hypertension, 31% (95% CI 22–41%) in adults with diabetes and 14% (95% CI 10–19%) in adults who were overweight/obese. We found substantial heterogeneity across the included studies in the pooled estimates for CKD prevalence in both general and high-risk populations. The prevalence of CKD of unknown origin in the endemic population was 8% (95% CI 3–16%). Conclusion Our study reaffirms the previous reports that CKD represents a serious public health challenge in South Asia, with the disease prevalent among 1 in 7 adults in South Asian countries.

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Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage in Germany: Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-311330/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gyde Steffen ◽

Ida Sperle ◽

Thomas Harder ◽

Navina Sarma ◽

Sandra Beermann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

General Population ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Occupational Risk ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Research ◽

Population Groups ◽

Hbv Vaccination

Abstract Background: Despite being considered as a low prevalence country for hepatitis B (HBV), some populations in Germany are at higher risk of infection. In the context of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) viral hepatitis elimination goals a valid epidemiological data base is needed to plan and monitor the national response. Prevention strategies include general and targeted HBV vaccination programmes. Objective: The aim of this work was to estimate the HBV vaccination coverage (VC) in the general population (GP) and different population groups in Germany from available evidence and to identify current evidence gaps for future research.Methods: We conducted a systematic review on HBV VC in the general population and populations at high risk of HBV exposure or severe infection in Germany. We included eligible publications (01/01/2017 to 06/06/2020) from databases Embase, Pubmed and Livivo, from a previous scoping review (including data published 01/01/2005-17/03/2017), from the national surveillance system and screened the reference lists of all publications at full text level. Risk of bias was assessed using the Hoy et al tool. Results: We included 68 publications of 67 studies and assigned them to the respective population groups. Twenty-one studies contained data among children/adolescents and three among adults from the GP (VC 65.8% - 90.5% and 22.9% - 52.1%, respectively), one among travellers to HBV endemic countries (VC 89%), 13 among immunocompromised populations (VC 11.5% - 89%), 16 among populations with occupational risk and 16 with non-occupational risk of HBV exposure (VC 63.6% - 96.5% and 4.4% - 52%, respectively). Conclusion: Comprehensive evidence at low risk of bias was identified for children/adolescents. owever, 25 years after including HBV in the national immunisation schedule, VC in Germany is still below the 95%-goal defined by WHO. For people at occupational risk of HBV exposure, VC was mostly reported to be over the WHO goal of 80%, but quality of evidence was heterogenous and should be improved. For people at non-occupational risk of HBV exposure, evidence was sparse and of low quality. The low VC highlights the need for future research to plan vaccination programmes targeting these populations.

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Is the universal population Hepatitis C virus screening a cost-effective strategy? A systematic review of the economic evidence

Revista Española de Quimioterapia ◽

10.37201/req/030.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 240-248

Author(s):

Francisco Ledesma ◽

María Buti ◽

Raquel Domínguez-Hernández ◽

Miguel Ángel Casado ◽

Rafael Esteban

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

High Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Population Screening ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

High Risk Populations

Background. Efficient strategies are needed in order to achieve the objective of the WHO of eradicating Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C infection can be eliminated by a combination of direct acting antiviral (DAA). The problem is that many individuals remain undiagnosed. The objective is to conduct a systematic review of the evidence on economic evaluations that analyze the screening of HCV followed by treatment with DAAs. Methods. Eleven databases were performed in a 2015-2018-systematic review. Inclusion criteria were economic evaluations that included incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per life year gained or quality-adjusted life year. Results. A total of 843 references were screened. Sixteen papers/posters meet the inclusion criteria. Ten of them included a general population screening. Other populations included were baby-boomer, people who inject drugs, prisoners or immigrants. Comparator was “standard of care”, other high-risk populations or no-screening. Most of the studies are based on Markov model simulations and they mostly adopted a healthcare payer´s perspective. ICER for general population screening plus treatment versus high-risk populations or versus routinely performed screening showed to be below the accepted willingness to pay thresholds in most studies and therefore screening plus DAAs strategy is highly cost-effective. Conclusion. This systematic review shows that screening programmes followed by DAAs treatment is cost-effective not only for high risk population but for general population too. Because today HCV can be easily cured and its long-term consequences avoided, a universal HCV screening plus DAAs therapies should be the recommended strategy to achieve the WHO objectives for HCV eradication by 2030.

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