scholarly journals GNB3, eNOS, and Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms Correlate to Natural Longevity in a Xinjiang Uygur Population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e81806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyesai Nijiati ◽  
Abulajiang Saidaming ◽  
Jun Qiao ◽  
Zuheng Cheng ◽  
Changchun Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Uygur Population

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondria in Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Paulina Kozakiewicz ◽  
Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska ◽  
Marzanna Ciesielka ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Nadh Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Impact

The mitochondria are essential for normal cell functioning. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may affect the occurrence of some chronic diseases and cancer. This process is complex and not entirely understood. The assignment to a particular mitochondrial haplogroup may be a factor that either contributes to cancer development or reduces its likelihood. Mutations in mtDNA occurring via an increase in reactive oxygen species may favour the occurrence of further changes both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in postmitotic cells are not inherited, but may play a role both in initiation and progression of cancer. One of the first discovered polymorphisms associated with cancer was in the gene NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 (mt-ND3) and it was typical of haplogroup N. In prostate cancer, these mutations and polymorphisms involve a gene encoding subunit I of respiratory complex IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). At present, a growing number of studies also address the impact of mtDNA polymorphisms on prognosis in cancer patients. Some of the mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms occur in both chronic disease and cancer, for instance polymorphism G5913A characteristic of prostate cancer and hypertension.

scholarly journals Abundant Mitochondrial Genome Diversity, Population Differentiation and Convergent Evolution in Pines

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1605-1614
Author(s):  
Junyuan Wu ◽  
Konstantin V Krutovskii ◽  
Steven H Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome Diversity

Abstract We examined mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms via the analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in three closely related species of pines from western North America: knobcone (Pinus attenuata Lemm.), Monterey (P. radiata D. Don), and bishop (P. muricata D. Don). A total of 343 trees derived from 13 populations were analyzed using 13 homologous mitochondrial gene probes amplified from three species by polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-eight distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were detected and no common haplotypes were found among the species. All three species showed limited variability within populations, but strong differentiation among populations. Based on haplotype frequencies, genetic diversity within populations (HS) averaged 0.22, and population differentiation (GST and θ) exceeded 0.78. Analysis of molecular variance also revealed that >90% of the variation resided among populations. For the purposes of genetic conservation and breeding programs, species and populations could be readily distinguished by unique haplotypes, often using the combination of only a few probes. Neighbor-joining phenograms, however, strongly disagreed with those based on allozymes, chloroplast DNA, and morphological traits. Thus, despite its diagnostic haplotypes, the genome appears to evolve via the rearrangement of multiple, convergent subgenomic domains.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversities and Historical Dynamics of Native Ethiopian Horse Populations (Equus caballus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Kefena Effa ◽  
Sonia Rosenbom ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
Albano Beja-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Matrilineal genetic diversity and relationship were investigated among eight morphologically identified native Ethiopian horse populations using polymorphisms in 46 mtDNA D-loop sequences (454 base pairs). The horse populations identified were Abyssinian, Bale, Borana, Horro, Kafa, Kundido feral horses, Ogaden and Selale. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were characterized by 15 variable sites that defined five different haplotypes. All genetic diversity estimates, including Reynolds’ linearized genetic distance, genetic differentiation (FST) and nucleotide sequence divergence (DA), revealed a low genetic differentiation in native Ethiopian horse populations. However, Kundido feral and Borana domestic horses were slightly diverged from the rest of the Ethiopian horse populations. We also tried to shed some light on the matrilineal genetic root of native Ethiopian horses from a network constructed by combining newly generated haplotypes and reference haplotypes deposited in the GenBank for Eurasian type Turkish Anatolian horses that were used as a genetic conduit between Eurasian and African horse populations. Ninety-two haplotypes were generated from the combined Ethio-Eurasian mtDNA D-loop sequences. A network reconstructed from the combined haplotypes using Median-Joining algorithm showed that haplotypes generated from native Ethiopian horses formed separate clusters. The present result encourages further investigation of the genetic origin of native African horses by retrieving additional mtDNA sequences deposited in the GenBank for African and Eurasian type horses.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in honey bee subspecies from Kenya

Apidologie ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina D. Meixner ◽  
M. Cristina Arias ◽  
Walter S. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in bipolar disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadafumi Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi ◽  
Shinichiro Nanko ◽  
Nobumasa Kato
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms

scholarly journals Investigation of Mitochondrial Transfer between Human Erythroblasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Lewer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
Allele Specific

<p>The increasingly studied phenomenon of mitochondria transferring between cells contrasts the popular belief that mitochondria reside permanently within their cells of origin. Research has identified this process occurring in many tissues such as brain, lung and more recently within the bone marrow. This project aimed to investigate if mitochondria could be transferred between human erythroblasts, a context not previously studied.  Tissue microenvironments can be modelled using co-culture systems. Fluorescence activated cell sorting and a highly sensitive Allele-Specific-Blocker qPCR assay were used to leverage mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms between co-cultured populations. Firstly, HL-60ρ₀ bone marrow cells, without mitochondrial DNA, deprived of essential nutrients pyruvate and uridine were co-cultured in vitro with HEL cells, a human erythroleukemia. Secondly, HEL cells treated with deferoxamine or cisplatin, were cocultured with parental HL-60 cells in vitro. Lastly, ex vivo co-cultures between erythroblasts differentiated from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood were conducted, where one population was treated with deferoxamine.  Co-culture was able to improve recovery when HL-60ρ₀ cells were deprived of pyruvate and uridine. Improved recovery was similarly detected for HEL cells treated with deferoxamine after co-culture with HL-60 cells. Transfer of mitochondrial DNA did not occur at a detectable level in any co-culture condition tested. The high sensitivity of the allele-specific-blocker qPCR assay required completely pure populations to analyse, however this was not achieved using FACS techniques. In conclusion, results have not demonstrated but cannot exclude the possibility that erythroid cells transfer mitochondria to each other.</p>

A high number of ‘natural’ mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in a symptomatic Brugada syndrome type 1 patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Polidori ◽  
Laura Stocchi ◽  
Domenico Potenza ◽  
Luigi Cucchiarini ◽  
Vilberto Stocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Brugada Syndrome ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Syndrome Type
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