Uric Acid Level Has a U-Shaped Association with Loss of Kidney Function in Healthy People: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract. Rifqiyati N, Wahyuni A. 2019. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 101-105. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) leaf, traditionally, is believed to have a potential in increasing and smoothing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of fennel leaf infusion on milk production and to know the side effects of its use. The material used in the research was infusion of fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) collected from Kopeng, Central Java. The research utilized 12 female rats each with 5 newborns off springs. The experiment was designed in Completed Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Histological preparation of mammary glands was set using paraffin method with HE staining. Kidney function was observed through uric acid level in the blood. The results showed that the diameter of lactiferous ducts and of its lumen diameter were significantly influenced by 15 days fennel leaf infusion treatment. The largest lactiferous duct diameter observed was on P3 treatment group (452.97 ± 75.033 µm) and the smallest was observed in control groups (273.17 ± 38.746 µm). The numbers of active alveoli observed in treatment groups, i.e., in P1 (20 g/300 mL), P2 (40 g/300 mL), and P3 (60 g/300 mL), increased than inactive alveoli. The blood uric acid level observed was 4.0-4.6 mg/dl. The results suggested that the infusion of fennel leaf with a treatment dose of 60 g infusion in 300 mL distilled water administered for 15 days can significantly increase the diameter of lactiferous lumen of female rat mammary glands, and increase the diameter of the alveoli and the number of active alveolar mammary glands. Histological picture of mammary gland also showed that the female rats treated with dose of 60g infusion per 300 mL aquadest increased milk secretion and than the other treatment groups. The treatment also showed no significant side effects.

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Serum Uric Acid Levels and Their Changes and Risk of Stroke: A 7-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Northwest China

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000519142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Shan Zheng ◽

Yan Luo ◽

Qian Miao ◽

Zhiyuan Cheng ◽

Yanli Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Reference Group ◽

Northwest China ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Over Time

Introduction: It is not clear whether serum uric acid (SUA) levels and their changes over time are associated with the risk of stroke. A 7-year prospective cohort study in northwest China was conducted to analyze effects of SUA and their changes on the risk of stroke. Methods: A total of 23,262 individuals without cardiovascular disease in the Jinchang cohort were followed up for an average of 5.26 years. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of stroke incidence to SUA and relative changes in SUA. Sensitivity analysis was performed after controlling the effect of renal insufficiency. Results: Baseline SUA and relative changes in SUA were positively correlated with the incidence of stroke in both males and females (p for overall association <0.0001). Stroke risk increased by 4.6% per 10% increase in the relative change of SUA (HR = 1.046, 95% CI, 1.007–1.086). The fully adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that only the large gain (>30%) in SUA was associated with an increased risk of stroke by 36.5% (95% CI, 1.8–83.0%), compared with the reference group (participants within ±10% changes in SUA). The same trend was observed in people with normal baseline SUA. In the unadjusted model, the risk of stroke associated with elevated SUA was significantly higher in the hyperuricemia group than in the normal SUA group. Conclusion: High initial SUA concentration and an increase in SUA concentration over time would increase the risk of stroke, and this means that there is no safe increase in SUA.

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