scholarly journals Community Water Improvement, Household Water Insecurity, and Women’s Psychological Distress: An Intervention and Control Study in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0153432 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. J. Stevenson ◽  
A. Ambelu ◽  
B. A. Caruso ◽  
Y. Tesfaye ◽  
M. C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Household Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

How Do Rural Ethiopians Rate the Severity of Water Insecurity Scale Items? Implications for Water Insecurity Measurement and Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Yihenew Tesfaye ◽  
Kenneth Maes ◽  
Roza Abesha ◽  
Sera Young ◽  
Jedidiah S. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Scale Item ◽  
Measurement Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Recently developed scales aim to advance understanding of household water insecurity and inform interventions to address this critical global problem. The relative severity of items included in household water insecurity scales has been established as an inverse of the proportion of the population that reports experiencing the item. Here, we assess subjective perceptions of scale item severity among people who experience household water insecurity. In 2017, we surveyed 259 women in Amhara, Ethiopia, assessing both experiences of water insecurity and perceptions of item severity using a pictorial scale. The mean subjective severity of most items was at the high end of our pictorial scale. Subjective severity of items was not associated with whether or not a participant experienced the item in the last thirty days, with a participant’s summary household water insecurity score, or with rural versus peri-urban residence, but was consistently associated with community of residence. Item severity as defined by the proportion of the population experiencing the item aligned with average perceptions of item severity, with one exception: drinking water that might not be safe. We discuss these findings’ implications for water insecurity measurement, evaluation of interventions, and studies of the relationship between water insecurity and psychological distress.

Validation of household water insecurity scale in urban Nepal

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Aihara ◽  
Salina Shrestha ◽  
Futaba Kazama ◽  
Kei Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lost Opportunity

Water security is one of the central global issues today. This study aimed to describe and test the validity and reliability of a household water insecurity scale, and to assess the impact of household water insecurity on psychological distress among 371 women living in urban Nepal. A household interview survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Approximately 70% of the participants experienced collecting less water than they needed. Four domains of household water insecurity emerged from the principal components factor analysis: (i) difficulties in house-work related to water, (ii) lost opportunity costs and social interactions related to water, (iii) an insufficient safe water supply, and (iv) difficulties in basic activities related to water. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the domains of ‘lost opportunity costs and social interactions’, ‘difficulties in house-work’ and ‘difficulties in basic activities’ were associated with psychological distress among women. The impact of household water insecurity on psychological distress differed by water supply service levels. The current household water insecurity scale is a simple instrument which can be used to prioritise the target population for water interventions. Further research should be conducted towards the development of a universally applicable measurement tool.

SIALIC ACID IN THE PRIMARY AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-932
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Belskaya ◽  
Viktor Kosenok ◽  
Ж. Массард
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

So far optimization problems for diagnostics and prognostication aids remained relevant for lung cancer as a leader in the structure of cancers. Objective: a search for regularities of changes in the saliva enzyme activity in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. In the case-control study, 505 people took part, divided into 2 groups: primary (lung cancer, n=290) and control (conventionally healthy, n=215). All the participants went through a questionnaire survey, saliva biochemical counts, and a histological verification of their diagnosis. The enzyme activity was measured with spectrophotometry. Between-group differences were measured with the nonparametric test. It was shown that in terms of lung cancer, we observe metabolic changes, described with the decreased de Ritis coefficient (p

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

scholarly journals Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Duy Cuong Do ◽  
Xuan Luat Le ◽  
Thi Hai Dinh ◽  
Mats Lindeborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

scholarly journals Alleviating psychological distress associated with a positive cervical cancer screening result: a randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Isaka ◽  
Ai Hori ◽  
Rie Tanaka ◽  
Masao Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening Result

Abstract Background The method of communicating a positive cancer screening result should seek to alleviate psychological distress associated with a positive result. We evaluated whether the provision of information through a leaflet would help reduce psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Methods The participants were women aged 20–69 years who were about to undergo cervical cancer screening at health centers. Before the screening, they received hypothetical screening results, with a leaflet (intervention group, n = 493) or without it (control group, n = 479), randomly. Their psychological distress and intention to undergo further examination were then compared between the intervention and control groups. Results After the intervention (providing a leaflet with hypothetical screening results), psychological distress appeared to be higher in the control group than in the intervention group among those who received a hypothetical positive screening result (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.87–3.54), while 95% and 97% of those in the intervention and control groups, respectively, reported that they would undergo further examination. Conclusions Information provision might help reduce psychological distress but not hinder further examination among women who screen positive for cervical cancer. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000029894. Date of Registration: November 2017.

Condensing Heat Exchanger Microbial Growth and Control Study-Phase II

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Marsh ◽  
Mark E. Caron ◽  
Carol Metselaar ◽  
John Steele
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Condensing Heat Exchanger ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study
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