Abnormal gait pattern emerges during curved trajectories in high-functioning Parkinsonian patients walking in line at normal speed

We describe the successful application of hinged ankle−foot orthoses (AFOs) in a cerebral palsied (CP) patient with gait instability due to a disrupted medial lemniscus (ML). The patient was a 27-month-old male CP child with gait instability who presented with reduced knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, with severe genu recurvatum on his right lower extremity during gait. The patient had no motor weakness or spasticity. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no definite abnormal lesion. However, diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) showed disruption of the left ML, consistent with right hemiplegic symptoms. The integrity of the major motor-related neural tracts, including the corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal tracts, was preserved. We considered that the patient’s abnormal gait pattern was related to the disrupted ML state. We applied hinged AFOs, which immediately resulted in a significantly stabilized gait. The angles of knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion increased. Our findings indicate that the application of hinged AFOs could be a useful therapeutic option for CP patients with gait instability related to ML disruption. In addition, we showed that DTT is a useful tool for identifying the causative brain pathology in CP patients, especially when conventional brain MRIs show no specific lesion.

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Gait Abnormality Detection Using Deep Convolution Network

Advances in Data Mining and Database Management - Handbook of Research on Engineering, Business, and Healthcare Applications of Data Science and Analytics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3053-5.ch017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 363-372

Author(s):

Saikat Chakraborty ◽

Tomoya Suzuki ◽

Abhipsha Das ◽

Anup Nandy ◽

Gentiane Venture

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Human Gait ◽

Kinect Sensor ◽

Gait Abnormality ◽

Depth Images ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Unsteady Gait ◽

Deep Convolution Network ◽

Human Gait Analysis

Human gait analysis plays a significant role in clinical domain for diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders. It is an extremely challenging task for detecting abnormalities (unsteady gait, stiff gait, etc.) in human walking if the prior information is unknown about the gait pattern. A low-cost Kinect sensor is used to obtain promising results on human skeletal tracking in a convenient manner. A model is created on human skeletal joint positions extracted using Kinect v2 sensor in place using Kinect-based color and depth images. Normal gait and abnormal gait are collected from different persons on treadmill. Each trial of gait is decomposed into cycles. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was developed on this experimental data for detection of abnormality in walking pattern and compared with state-of-the-art techniques.

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Mobility Characteristics of Children with Spastic Paraplegia Due to a Mutation in the KIF1A Gene

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3400988 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (02) ◽

pp. 146-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.E. Van Beusichem ◽

J. Nicolai ◽

J. Verhoeven ◽

L. Speth ◽

M. Coenen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Secondary Development ◽

Spastic Paraplegia ◽

Patients Âgés ◽

Gait Characteristics ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Complicated Form ◽

Crouch Gait

AbstractSeveral de novo variants in the KIF1A gene have been reported to cause a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Additional symptoms include cognitive impairment and varying degrees of peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, decreased visual acuity, and ataxia. We describe four patients (ages 10–18 years), focusing on their mobility and gait characteristics. Two patients were not able to walk without assistance and showed a severe abnormal gait pattern, crouch gait. At examination, severe contractures were found.In addition to describing the different phenotypes with specific attention to gait in our cases, we reviewed known KIF1A mutations and summarized their associated phenotypes.We conclude that mobility and cognition are severely affected in children with spastic paraplegia due to de novo KIF1A mutations. Deterioration in mobility is most likely due to progressive spasticity, muscle weakness, and the secondary development of severe contractures, possibly combined with an additional progressive polyneuropathy. Close follow-up and treatment of these patients are warranted.

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EXPLOITING VISUAL CUES FOR LEARNING GAIT PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.7898 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kuhelee Roy ◽

Geelapaturu Subrahmanya Venkata Radha Krish Rao ◽

Savarimuthu, Margret Anouncia

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Real Time ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Shape Features ◽

Gait Patterns ◽

Normal Gait ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Gait Abnormalities

Records of cases involving neurological disorders often exhibit abnormalities in the gait pattern of an individual. As mentioned in various articles, the causes of various gait disorders can be attributed to neurological disorders. Hence analysis of gait abnormalities can be a key to predict the type of neurological disorders as a part of early diagnosis. A number of sensor-based measurements have aided towards quantifying the degree of abnormalities in a gait pattern. A shape oriented motion based approach has been proposed in this paper to envisage the task of classifying an abnormal gait pattern into one of the five types of gait viz. Parkinsonian, Scissor, Spastic, Steppage and Normal gait. The motion and shape features for two cases viz. right-leg-front and left-leg-front will be taken into account. Experimental results of application on real-time videos suggest the reliability of the proposed method.

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Identification of Gait Motion Patterns Using Wearable Inertial Sensor Network

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19225024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (22) ◽

pp. 5024 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kee S. Moon ◽

Sung Q Lee ◽

Yusuf Ozturk ◽

Apoorva Gaidhani ◽

Jeremiah A. Cox

Keyword(s):

Sensor Network ◽

Inertial Sensor ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Health Condition ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Custom Made ◽

The Individual

Gait signifies the walking pattern of an individual. It may be normal or abnormal, depending on the health condition of the individual. This paper considers the development of a gait sensor network system that uses a pair of wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors to monitor the gait cycle of a user. The sensor information is used for determining the normality of movement of the leg. The sensor system places the IMU sensors on one of the legs to extract the three-dimensional angular motions of the hip and knee joints while walking. The wearable sensor is custom-made at San Diego State University with wireless data transmission capability. The system enables the user to collect gait data at any site, including in a non-laboratory environment. The paper also presents the mathematical calculations to decompose movements experienced by a pair of IMUs into individual and relative three directional hip and knee joint motions. Further, a new approach of gait pattern classification based on the phase difference angles between hip and knee joints is presented. The experimental results show a potential application of the classification method in the areas of smart detection of abnormal gait patterns.

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Video based human gait bilateral symmetry analysis and its validity for functional assessment after an orthopaedic surgery

10.32920/ryerson.14666025.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Bo Xu

Keyword(s):

Vision System ◽

Bilateral Symmetry ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Human Gait ◽

Time Warping ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Total Knee ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Dynamic Time ◽

Pattern Information

A color marker based computer vision system was proposed to provide spatio-temporal and kinematic information of human gait. By detecting the markers from video sequences, this system provides quantitative gait pattern information for clinicians to evaluate the rehabilitation progress of the patients who had undertaken total knee replacement (TKR) and/or total hip replacement (THR) surgeries. The leg bilateral symmetry as an efficient feature for this evaluation purpose was proposed. To calculate this parameter, leg angle curve as a gait signature was introduced to describe the gait pattern. The symmetry is denoted by dynamic time warping (DTW) distance of this walking signature. Normal and abnormal gait can be distinguished based on the leg bilateral symmetry.

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Cross-Subject and Cross-Modal Transfer for Generalized Abnormal Gait Pattern Recognition

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems ◽

10.1109/tnnls.2020.3009448 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Xiao Gu ◽

Yao Guo ◽

Fani Deligianni ◽

Benny Lo ◽

Guang-Zhong Yang

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Abnormal Gait

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Efficacy and Safety Testing of a New Biologically Based Design Ankle Foot Orthosis in Healthy Volunteer

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1953 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 110-116 ◽

pp. 1953-1957 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd Nor Azmi Bin Ab Patar ◽

Hanif Ramli ◽

Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽

Abdul Halim Yusof

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteer ◽

Gait Training ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Safety Testing ◽

Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Foot Motion ◽

New Type ◽

Foot Orthosis ◽

Ankle Dorsiflexor

The ankle-foot of human body is a multi-joint structure that accommodates complex foot motion. Abnormality to the ankle-foot due to injury or disease can result in abnormal gait motion. In such cases, physiotherapist has to assist hemiplegic patients (ankle dorsiflexor muscles with lack of dorsiflexion assist moment) in rehabilitation therapy by using gait training in parallel bars. Physiotherapist has to support hemiplegic patient to position foot and also supports their stand balance. This prolongs multiple task puts extra burden to physiotherapist which gives side effect such as muscular strain or bone fracture while doing the task. Consequently, the motion of the foot patients did not follow the normal gait pattern. Therefore, there is a need to develop an effective ankle foot orthosis (AFO) to solve the long issue-problem. This research was undertake to embark on the modeling and designing of new ankle foot orthosis (AFO) using active control system which later could be used to help patients with ankle dorsiflexor muscles problem. The work was carried out in four stages involving modeling and simulation of DC motor, algorithm development, design and fabrication of the orthosis and finally, evalaution of the product and its functions. The orthosis was tested on healthy volunteer and the results show that the objective to develop and fabricate a new type of robust ankle foot orthosis which can control movement has been achieved successfully.

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Comparison of Gender, Age, and Body Mass Index Levels for Spatiotemporal Parameters of Bilateral Gait Pattern

10.20944/preprints202009.0200.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Turki S. Abualait ◽

Mohammad Ahsan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Obese People ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consistent Finding ◽

Double Support ◽

Abnormal Gait ◽

Spatiotemporal Parameters

Studies on the gait's parameters have been identified on the patients population. Most researchers confirm that the patients walk differently than normal people and they may have a risk for falls. Consistent finding and description of gender, age, and body mass index differences in gait studies is rare in healthy subjects. A cross-sectional study with forty-five young adult (F = 20, M = 25) was conducted. Stadiometer and Physilog 4 inertial sensors were used for data collection. A gait analyser 5.2 software (GaitUp, S.A. Lausanne, Switzerland) was used to determine spatiotemporal parameters. No statistically significant differences were found in any bilateral foot gait parameters with respect to gender, age, and body mass index. Females are found with higher total double support and cadence than males. Cadence also increases with age. Obese people showed lower gait speed, cadence, and total double support. These findings may be beneficial to those who have abnormal gait pattern due to age, body mass index differences, decreased muscle strength, spasticity, and joint mobility. This important informations should be considered to rehabilitate patients with abnormal gait patterns to controlling dynamic balance and riks to falling.

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Three-dimensional analysis of gait in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics ◽

10.37190/abb-01511-2019-02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Bazarnik-Mucha ◽

Sławomir Snela ◽

Magdalena Szczepanik ◽

Agnieszka Jarmuziewicz ◽

Agnieszka Guzik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Rehabilitation Center ◽

Abnormal Gait

Purpose: The paper aimed to assess the gait pattern in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated at the rehabilitation center and to assess changes in this pattern after the end of treatment and 9 months later. Methods: 50 children with JIA were enrolled into the study. 35 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the study for a comparison. Spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters were obtained using a movement analysis system. The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) was calculated. The assessment was performed three times: on the day of admission to the rehabilitation center, after the end of a 4-week treatment period and 9 months later. Results: With regard to the majority of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters, differences in their distribution were highly statistically significant between the study group and the control group (p < 0.001). In two subsequent tests, differences were less significant when compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In the study group, ranges of motion in the sagittal plane in the hip (p < 0.01), knee (p < 0.001) and ankle joints (p < 0.01) increased significantly between tests 1 and 2, and 1 and 3. A significantly lower value of GDI was observed in the study group (right limb; p = 0.036). Conclusions: The gait pattern of children with JIA is significantly different from the one observed in healthy children. A rehabilitation program significantly improved gait in children with JIA, but differences compared to healthy children were still observed, and it indicates that the abnormal gait pattern became permanent in this group of subjects.

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