scholarly journals Knowledge about tuberculosis and infection prevention behavior: A nine city longitudinal study from India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0206245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Huddart ◽  
Thomas Bossuroy ◽  
Vincent Pons ◽  
Siddhartha Baral ◽  
Madhukar Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Prevention Behavior

scholarly journals Clean and Contain: Initial Development of a Measure of Infection Prevention Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Loren L Toussaint ◽  
Alyssa D Cheadle ◽  
Jesse Fox ◽  
David R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Identical Factor

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offer behavioral guidance to prevent the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. Cleaning (e.g., cleaning surfaces, washing and sanitizing hands) and containing (e.g., covering coughs, keeping distance from others, especially sick people) behaviors are recommended. Purpose To develop the Clean and Contain Measure, a brief measure of compliance with CDC recommendations for prevention of infectious disease, and validate the measure in individuals experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and social media. Results In Study 1 (N = 97), exploratory factor analysis revealed two scales: (a) five items assessing cleaning behaviors and (b) four items assessing containing behaviors. Simple structure was obtained and alpha coefficients for both scales were >.83. In Studies 2 (N = 204) and 3 (N = 527), confirmatory factor analysis verified the identical factor structure found in Study 1. All loadings were statistically significant at p < .001. Alpha coefficients for both scales were >.84 for Studies 2 and 3. Conclusions Our measure is a reliable and valid indicator of compliance with cleaning and containing health behaviors that help to prevent the spread of diseases like COVID-19. Future research should replicate construct validity in more diverse samples and continue to refine items, examine construct validity, including predictive and discriminant validity, and improve the measure for future use. With continued use and refinement, this measure could allow health officials and researchers to accurately assess compliance with important infection prevention behavior guidelines.

scholarly journals Nursing Students’ Practicums during the COVID-19 Crisis and the Effect on Infection-Prevention Behavior in Students: A Mixed-Method Approach

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Hiromi Nakagawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Practicum Students ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Prevention Behavior

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease pandemic is ongoing. Infection-prevention measures in nursing education (practicum) are essential. However, there are few studies on infection-prevention behaviors among nursing students participating in practicums. We aimed to clarify the effect of practicums during the coronavirus disease crisis on infection-prevention behavior in Japanese nursing students. Materials and Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 third-year nursing students in Osaka City within one week of their clinical placement training. From the results of the interview analysis, we compiled a questionnaire and surveyed 90 third-year students. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses. We used descriptive statistics for the quantitative analysis and the chi-squared test for binary variables. Results: From the qualitative analysis, we identified five categories regarding the awareness of infection-prevention measures: <Acquisition of knowledge and skills in infection-prevention measures during nursing practice>, <Defining the experience in infection-prevention measures>, <Changes in attitude towards infection>, <Changes in infection prevention behavior>, and <infection-prevention measures-related issues>. In the quantitative analysis, the practicum students who attended at least three pre-practicum orientations continued wearing masks during lunch breaks and avoided the three Cs. Conclusions: Students could recall the knowledge and experiences gained from pre-practicum orientations/practicums. This experience created a new awareness of infection-prevention and change of infection-prevention behavior. Infection-prevention education using practicums is important for infection-prevention behavior during this pandemic. However, there should be a much larger-scale study to support these findings in the future.

scholarly journals Longitudinal testing for respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in day care centres in Hesse, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hoehl ◽  
Emilie Kreutzer ◽  
Barbara Schenk ◽  
Sandra Westhaus ◽  
Ivo Foppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Anal Swab ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background With the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 ongoing in Europe in June of 2020, day care centres were reopened in the state of Hesse, Germany, after the lockdown. The role young children play in the dynamics of the transmission was unknown. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study over a period of 12 weeks and two days (18 th of June 2020 to 10 th of September, 2020) to screen attendees and staff from day care centres in the state of Hesse, Germany, for both respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2. 859 children (age range 3 months to 8 years) and 376 staff members from 50 day care centres, which were chosen representatively from throughout the state, participated in the study. Parents were asked to perform both a buccal mucosa and an anal swab on their children once a week. Staff were asked to self-administer the swabs. RT-PCRs for SARS-CoV-2 were performed in a multiple-swab pooling protocol. Results 7,366 buccal mucosa swabs and 5,907 anal swabs were analysed. No respiratory or gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in any of the children. Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in two staff members from distinct day care centres. One was asymptomatic at the time of testing, and one was symptomatic and did not attend the facility on that day. Conclusion Detection of either respiratory or gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in children and staff members attending day care centres was rare in the context of limited community activity and with infection prevention measures in the facilities in place.

Stress, coping, and preventing contagion during the SARS-COV2 epidemic in a sample of Mexican adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098557
Author(s):  
Rosas-Santiago Francisco Javier ◽  
Lagunes-Córdoba Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
And Coping

Given the lack of an effective treatment for COVID-19, it is essential to explore the psychological variables involved in the development and maintenance of preventive behaviors during the current epidemic. In this study, we analyze the predictive value of perceived stress (measured with the Perceived Stress Scale) and coping styles (measured with the Extreme Risks Coping Scale) for adhering to infection prevention behavior in a sample of 1132 Mexican adults aged between 18 and 84. A logistic regression analysis showed that Active Coping and Cognition-Focused Coping, in addition to age and being a student, proved to be predictors of adhering to SARS COV2 preventive behaviors ( R2 = 0.282). The findings from this study can be used to design strategies to promote potentially effective epidemic mitigation behaviors.

scholarly journals Association between Preventive Measures against Workplace Infection and Preventive Behavior against Personal Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Kawasumi ◽  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Personal Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Objectives: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, it is necessary for each individual to adopt infection prevention behavior. We investigated the effect of infection control measures implemented in the workplace on personal infection prevention behavior. Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey through the Internet from December 22 to 25, 2020, during which period COVID-19 was spreading. Among respondents aged 20 to 65 years (n=27,036), a total of 21,915 workers were included in the analysis after excluding self-employed workers (n=2,202), workers in small/home offices (n=377), and agriculture, forestry, and fisheries workers (n=212), etc., whose personal infection prevention behavior was almost the same as infection control measures taken in the workplace. Results: The results showed that as the number of infection control measures in the workplace increased, implementation of infection prevention behavior by individuals also significantly increased. However, the relationship differed depending on the type of personal infection prevention behavior. Specifically, infection control measures against COVID-19 in the workplace may affect personal infection prevention behavior. Conclusion: Implementation of infection control measures in the workplace appears to deepen personal understanding of infection prevention behaviors, and increases awareness of the importance of individual infection prevention behavior and its implementation by all individuals. These findings may be applicable not only to COVID-19 measures but also to responses to other emerging infections and seasonal influenza.

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