scholarly journals Trynity controls epidermal barrier function and respiratory tube maturation in Drosophila by modulating apical extracellular matrix nano-patterning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0209058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Itakura ◽  
Sachi Inagaki ◽  
Housei Wada ◽  
Shigeo Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Nano Patterning

scholarly journals Trynity controls epidermal barrier function and respiratory tube maturation in Drosophila by modulating apical extracellular matrix nano-patterning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Itakura ◽  
Sachi Inagaki ◽  
Housei Wada ◽  
Shigeo Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
And Function ◽  
Envelope Layer ◽  
Nano Patterning

AbstractThe outer surface of insects is covered by the cuticle, which is derived from the apical extracellular matrix (aECM). The aECM is secreted by epidermal cells during embryogenesis. The aECM exhibits large variations in structure, function, and constituent molecules, reflecting the enormous diversity in insect appearances. To investigate the molecular principles of aECM organization and function, here we studied the role of a conserved aECM protein, the ZP domain protein Trynity, in Drosophila melanogaster. We first identified trynity as an essential gene for epidermal barrier function. trynity mutation caused disintegration of the outermost envelope layer of the cuticle, resulting in small- molecule leakage and in growth and molting defects. In addition, the tracheal tubules of trynity mutants showed defects in pore-like structures of the cuticle, and the mutant tracheal cells failed to absorb luminal proteins and liquid. Our findings indicated that trynity plays essential roles in organizing nano-level structures in the envelope layer of the cuticle that both restrict molecular trafficking through the epidermis and promote the massive absorption pulse in the trachea.Summary StatementThe zona pellucida domain protein Trynity controls the structural organization and function of the apical extracellular matrix in the epidermis and trachea of Drosophila.

The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 5503-5511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alhasaniah ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt ◽  
Catherine A. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The Impact

A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable, as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast, suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function. Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR. In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Boer ◽  
Ewa Duchnik ◽  
Romuald Maleszka ◽  
Mariola Marchlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

Direct evidence that omega-hydroxy ceramides are important for epidermal barrier function

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Behne ◽  
Yoshikazu Uchida ◽  
Taisuke Seki ◽  
Peter M. Elias ◽  
Walter M. Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

scholarly journals The effect of Psoroptes ovis infestation on ovine epidermal barrier function

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam R Stoeckli ◽  
Tom N McNeilly ◽  
David Frew ◽  
Edward J Marr ◽  
Alasdair J Nisbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Psoroptes Ovis ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

scholarly journals Pathogenic Effects of Mineralocorticoid Pathway Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9618
Author(s):  
Jérémie Canonica ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Tatiana Favez ◽  
Emmanuelle Gelizé ◽  
Laurent Jonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
And Migration

Glucocorticoids are amongst the most used drugs to treat retinal diseases of various origins. Yet, the transcriptional regulations induced by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) that form the outer blood–retina barrier are unknown. Levels of endogenous corticoids, ligands for MR and GR, were measured in human ocular media. Human RPE cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iRPE) were used to analyze the pan-transcriptional regulations induced by aldosterone—an MR-specific agonist, or cortisol or cortisol + RU486—a GR antagonist. The retinal phenotype of transgenic mice that overexpress the human MR (P1.hMR) was analyzed. In the human eye, the main ligand for GR and MR is cortisol. The iRPE cells express functional GR and MR. The subset of genes regulated by aldosterone and by cortisol + RU-486, and not by cortisol alone, mimics an imbalance toward MR activation. They are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling (CNN1, MGP, AMTN), epithelial–mesenchymal transition, RPE cell proliferation and migration (ITGB3, PLAUR and FOSL1) and immune balance (TNFSF18 and PTX3). The P1.hMR mice showed choroidal vasodilation, focal alteration of the RPE/choroid interface and migration of RPE cells together with RPE barrier function alteration, similar to human retinal diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum. RPE is a corticosteroid-sensitive epithelium. MR pathway activation in the RPE regulates genes involved in barrier function, extracellular matrix, neural regulation and epithelial differentiation, which could contribute to retinal pathology.

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