scholarly journals Circulating microRNA-122, microRNA-126-3p and microRNA-146a are associated with inflammation in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251697
Author(s):  
Fahime Zeinali ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch ◽  
Alireza Jahan-Mihan ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Kalantar ◽  
Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Control Study

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing dramatically worldwide. Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) as key regulators of gene expression, has been reported in numerous diseases including diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of miRNA-122, miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients and in healthy individuals, and to determine whether the changes in the level of these miRNAs are reliable biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and pathogenesis of T2DM. Additionally, we examined the relationship between miRNA levels and plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (Il-6) as well as insulin resistance. In this case-control study, participants (n = 90) were allocated to three groups (n = 30/group): T2DM, pre-diabetes and healthy individuals as control (males and females, age: 25–65, body mass index: 25–35). Expression of miRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and fasting insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as an indicator of insulin resistance. MiRNA-122 levels were higher while miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a levels were lower in T2DM and pre-diabetic patients compared to control (p<0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between miRNA-122 expression and TNF-α (r = 0.82), IL-6 (r = 0.83) and insulin resistance (r = 0.8). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a levels and TNF-α (r = -0.7 and r = -0.82 respectively), IL-6 (r = -0.65 and r = -0.78 respectively) as well as insulin resistance (r = -0.67 and r = -0.78 respectively) (all p<0.05). Findings of this study suggest the miRNAs can potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further studies are required to examine the reproducibility of these findings.

scholarly journals Alterations of liver enzymes in T2DM: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar G. S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Control Study

Background: Liver plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose in fed state as well as in fasting. Diabetes mellitus can result as a consequence of liver disorder and vice versa. Objective of the present study is to compare the liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.Methods: A case- control study was conducted in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Adarsha Super speciality Hospital, Udupi from April 2018 to August 2018. The data of 174 diabetic patients and 118 healthy people as controls was collected. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated in the study subjects.Results: It was found that AST levels (47.55±4.69U/L) in diabetics extremely significantly high as compared to controls (33.51±2.33U/L). ALT levels were insignificantly high in diabetics compared to controls. ALP was significantly elevated (p=0.0002) in diabetics. Correlation study showed a weak positive correlation between AST, ALT and blood glucose. Odds ratio showed a higher risk of liver enzyme elevation in diabetics. Risk of elevation of AST was found to be 1.65 times high and ALT was 1.25 times high in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.Conclusions: Diabetics had high liver enzymes as compared to non-diabetics. An association was found between type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver enzymes. For better characterization of cause and effect, further studies need to be done on alterations in liver function tests along with the histopathological analysis of liver biopsy samples.

scholarly journals The Association of Food Insecurity, Inflammation, and Several Socioeconomic Factors with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Janzadeh ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Control Study

Background: Considering that food insecurity can be a precursor to health and nutrition problems, determining its associated factors seems necessary in any society. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the food insecurity, c-reactive protein (CRP), and some socio-economic factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 200 healthy individuals within the age range of 30 to 59 years. Food security was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security questionnaire. Anthropometric index, physical activity, and biochemical factors were measured by questionnaire and blood test. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 71% within the diabetic patients, of which, 65.5% had food insecurity without hunger, 3.5% had food insecurity with moderate hunger, and 2% had food insecurity with severe hunger. In addition, 24.9% of the participants were healthy. The level of fasting blood glucose and inflammatory factors (CRP, WBC) were significantly higher in food insecure participants compared to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that food insecurity, BMI > 25, occupational status, economic status, and education level were significantly correlated with T2DM (P < 0.001). Conclusion: As a result, health care providers should take measures to reduce the food insecurity in the community, specifically within T2DM patients. To this end, the individuals' economic status should be improved and the household food patterns should be modified.

scholarly journals Influence of GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy risk in the Chinese population: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqian Geng ◽  
Ling Zha ◽  
Yuxin Xiong ◽  
Fan Xu ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gstp1 Gene ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Studies have revealed the association of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1) deletion (null) polymorphism with the risks of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between GSTT1/ GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and the risks of T2DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese population.Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 336 subjects with T2DM and a defined ophthalmologic status were recruited from the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province between June 2014 and October 2016. Seventy-two age-matched healthy controls were also enrolled. Physical examinations and laboratory tests were performed. The frequencies of GSTT1 genotypes in all participants were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Genotyping of GSTP1 gene was identified by PCR amplification followed by sequencing.Results: Compared with healthy controls, the GSTT1-null genotype was significantly more common in diabetic patients with or without DR (all P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the frequencies of the GSTP1 genotype (AA, GA, GG) between diabetic patients with or without DR and healthy controls. Furthermore, neither the GSTP1 nor GSTT1 genetic polymorphism was associated with the development of DR. In the present study, the risk of developing T2DM was significantly higher in subjects carrying the combined heterozygous GSTP1 (AG) and null GSTT1 genotypes (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21-0.74, P = 0.02).Conclusions: The deletion of the GSTT1 genotype was associated with a higher risk of developing T2DM, whether alone or in combination with GSTP1, indicating that the null genotype of GSTT1 may serve as a potential biomarker for T2DM in the Chinese population, which is helpful for clinicians to make more effective risk-based decisions.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Hemoptisis Risk Factor In Lung Tuberculosis : A Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Widhy Yudistira Nalapraya ◽  
Jaka Pradipta ◽  
Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow ◽  
Erlina Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality. Increasing cases of type 2 DM in the world increases the risk of developing TB. The frequency of DM in TB patients was reported to be around 10-15% and the prevalence of this infectious disease was 2-5 times higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics. Hemoptysis is a respiratory symptom which can be life threatening. Tuberculosis and bronchiectasis are the two most common ethology of hemoptysis, while TB with DM are the cause of recurrent hemoptysis. Methods: This was case control study which used the medical records data of diabetic patients infected with TB who experienced hemoptysis and no hemoptysis, treated at Fatmawati General Hospital during 2017. Sampling method was total sampling. Results: There were 12 hemoptysis patients with DM comorbidity and 31 patients without DM comorbidity. As many as 58% of patients with DM had new cases of pulmonary TB and 42% had history of treatment completion. The correlation between hemoptysis of TB patients with DM compared to without DM obtained a relative risk of 1.535 (95% CI=0.677-2.618) Conclusion: The proportion of hemoptysis in TB patients with DM comorbidity was 10.3%. Diabetes Mellitus was a risk factor for hemoptysis 1.535 times higher compared to TB patients without DM but statistically not significant. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(3): 144-9)

Sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study in Maracaibo city, Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onofre Pineda ◽  
Victoria Stepenka ◽  
Alejandra Rivas-Motenegro ◽  
Nelson Villasmil-Hernandez ◽  
Roberto Añez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Correlation between Levels of Vitamins D3 and E in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2288
Author(s):  
Nurliyana Najwa Md Razip ◽  
Banulata Gopalsamy ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abdul Mutalib ◽  
Sui Kiat Chang ◽  
Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Control Study

An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising fifty diabetic subjects (DM) and one comprising fifty non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects, in order to assess their plasma vitamin D3, calcium and vitamin E status. Glycaemic status (haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; fasting blood glucose, FBG; C-Peptide) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglycerides, TG; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) were assessed, followed by anthropometric measurements. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to elucidate the association between levels of plasma vitamins D3 and E and T2DM. The vitamin D3 deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with glycaemic status (HbA1c and FBG) and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL and TC). Spearman’s correlation demonstrated that vitamin D3 status is strongly correlated with HDL levels (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma total vitamin E levels >4.9 μg/mL revealed significantly different FBG, HbA1c, C-Peptide, LDL, HDL and TC levels across both groups. Moreover, family history, smoking, waist circumference and HbA1c levels demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with levels of vitamins D and E but not FBG and lipid profiles. This could be because the pre-diabetic status among the non-DM group influenced the outcomes of this study.

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