The influence of stimulus duration on olfactory perception

The duration of a stimulus plays an important role in the coding of sensory information. The role of stimulus duration is extensively studied in the tactile, visual, and auditory system. In the olfactory system, temporal properties of the stimulus are key for obtaining information when an odor is released in the environment. However, how the stimulus duration influences the odor perception is not well understood. To test this, we activated the olfactory bulbs with blue light in mice expressing channelrhodopsin in the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and assessed the relevance of stimulus duration on olfactory perception using foot shock associated active avoidance behavioral task on a “two-arms maze”. Our behavior data demonstrate that the stimulus duration plays an important role in olfactory perception and the associated behavioral responses.

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The influence of stimulus duration on olfactory identity

10.1101/2020.09.07.286773 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Praveen Kuruppath ◽

Leonardo Belluscio

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Auditory System ◽

Stimulus Duration ◽

Olfactory System ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Olfactory Bulbs ◽

Olfactory Information

AbstractDuration of a stimulus plays an important role in coding of sensory information. The role of stimulus duration is extensively studied in tactile, visual and auditory system. In the olfactory system, how the stimulus duration influences the identity of an olfactory information is not well understood. To test this, we activated the olfactory bulbs with blue light in mice expressing channelrhodopsin and behaviorally assessed the relevance of stimulus duration on olfactory identity. Our behavior data demonstrate that stimulus duration changes the olfactory information and the associated behavior.

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The Olfactory Mosaic: Bringing an Olfactory Network Together for Odor Perception

Perception ◽

10.1177/0301006616663216 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (3-4) ◽

pp. 320-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Emmanuelle Courtiol ◽

Donald A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Learning Experience ◽

Piriform Cortex ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Odor Perception ◽

Dynamic Interactions ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Primary Sensory Cortex ◽

The Many

Olfactory perception and its underlying neural mechanisms are not fixed, but rather vary over time, dependent on various parameters such as state, task, or learning experience. In olfaction, one of the primary sensory areas beyond the olfactory bulb is the piriform cortex. Due to an increasing number of functions attributed to the piriform cortex, it has been argued to be an associative cortex rather than a simple primary sensory cortex. In fact, the piriform cortex plays a key role in creating olfactory percepts, helping to form configural odor objects from the molecular features extracted in the nose. Moreover, its dynamic interactions with other olfactory and nonolfactory areas are also critical in shaping the olfactory percept and resulting behavioral responses. In this brief review, we will describe the key role of the piriform cortex in the larger olfactory perceptual network, some of the many actors of this network, and the importance of the dynamic interactions among the piriform-trans-thalamic and limbic pathways.

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Deconstructing the mouse olfactory percept through an olfactory ethological atlas

10.1101/2020.11.09.374637 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diogo Manoel ◽

Melanie Makhlouf ◽

Charles J. Arayata ◽

Abbirami Sathappan ◽

Sahar Da’as ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Space ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Olfactory Perception ◽

Olfactory Behavior ◽

Mouse Behavior ◽

Odor Perception ◽

Fundamental Properties ◽

Trained Classifier ◽

Primary Axis ◽

Low Dimensional

ABSTRACTOdor perception in non-humans is poorly understood. Here, we generated the most comprehensive murine olfactory ethological atlas to date, consisting of behavioral responses to a diverse panel of 73 odorants, including 12 at multiple concentrations. These data revealed that the mouse behavior is incredibly diverse, and changes in response to odor identity and intensity. Using only behavioral responses, ~30% of the 73 odorants could be identified with high accuracy (>96%) by a trained classifier. Mouse behavior occupied a low-dimensional space, consistent with analyses of human olfactory perception. While mouse olfactory behavior is difficult to predict from the corresponding human olfactory percept, three fundamental properties are shared: odor valence is the primary axis of olfactory perception; the physicochemical properties of odorants can predict the olfactory percept; and odorant concentration quantitatively and qualitatively impacts olfactory perception. These results provide a template for future comparative studies of olfactory percepts among species.

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Vestibular CCK neurons drive motion-induced malaise

10.1101/2021.09.08.459510 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Machuca-Márquez ◽

Laura Sánchez-Benito ◽

Fabien Menardy ◽

Andrea Urpi ◽

Isabella Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motion Sickness ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Vestibular Nuclei ◽

Neural Substrates ◽

Parabrachial Nucleus ◽

Novel Food ◽

Novel Foods ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACTPassive motion can induce kinetosis (motion sickness, MS) in susceptible individuals. MS is an evolutionary conserved mechanism caused by mismatches between motion-related sensory information and past visual and motion memory, triggering a malaise accompanied by hypolocomotion, hypothermia, hypophagia and aversion to novel foods presented coincidentally. Vestibular nuclei (VN) are critical for the processing of movement input, and motion-induced activation of VN neurons recapitulates MS-related signs. However, the genetic identity of VN neurons mediating MS-related autonomic and aversive responses remains unknown. Here, we identify a glutamatergic vestibular circuitry necessary to elicit MS-related behavioral responses, defining a central role of cholecystokinin (CCK)- expressing glutamatergic VN neurons in vestibular-induced malaise. Moreover, we show that CCK VN inputs onto the parabrachial nucleus activate Calca-expressing neurons and are sufficient to establish hypothermia and aversion to novel food. Together, we provide novel insight into the neurobiological regulation of MS, unravelling key genetically defined neural substrates for kinetosis.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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Sales Control Systems and Behavioral Responses : Mediating Role of Regulatory Focus and Moderating Role of P-O Fit

ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL ◽

10.15830/amj.2015.17.1.123 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaewon Yoo

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Regulatory Focus ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Moderating Role

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Pulvino-cortical interaction: an integrative role in the control of attention

10.31234/osf.io/g4fn7 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alexia Bourgeois ◽

Carole Guedj ◽

Emmanuel Carrera ◽

Patrik Vuilleumier

Keyword(s):

Executive Control ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cortical Circuits ◽

Attention And Executive Control ◽

Neural Communication ◽

Subcortical Regions ◽

Theoretical Proposal ◽

Selection Of

Selective attention is a fundamental cognitive function that guides behavior by selecting and prioritizing salient or relevant sensory information of our environment. Despite early evidence and theoretical proposal pointing to an implication of thalamic control in attention, most studies in the past two decades focused on cortical substrates, largely ignoring the contribution of subcortical regions as well as cortico-subcortical interactions. Here, we suggest a key role of the pulvinar in the selection of salient and relevant information via its involvement in priority maps computation. Prioritization may be achieved through a pulvinar- mediated generation of alpha oscillations, which may then modulate neuronal gain in thalamo-cortical circuits. Such mechanism might orchestrate the synchrony of cortico-cortical interaction, by rendering neural communication more effective, precise and selective. We propose that this theoretical framework will support a timely shift from the prevailing cortico- centric view of cognition to a more integrative perspective of thalamic contributions to attention and executive control processes.

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Loss of Calretinin in L5a impairs the formation of the barrel cortex leading to abnormal whisker-mediated behaviors

Molecular Brain ◽

10.1186/s13041-021-00775-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mingzhao Su ◽

Junhua Liu ◽

Baocong Yu ◽

Kaixing Zhou ◽

Congli Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Integration ◽

Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Barrel Cortex ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Membrane Excitability ◽

Novelty Preference ◽

Layer 4 ◽

Dendritic Complexity ◽

Cortex System

AbstractThe rodent whisker-barrel cortex system has been established as an ideal model for studying sensory information integration. The barrel cortex consists of barrel and septa columns that receive information input from the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways, respectively. Layer 5a is involved in both barrel and septa circuits and play a key role in information integration. However, the role of layer 5a in the development of the barrel cortex remains unclear. Previously, we found that calretinin is dynamically expressed in layer 5a. In this study, we analyzed calretinin KO mice and found that the dendritic complexity and length of layer 5a pyramidal neurons were significantly decreased after calretinin ablation. The membrane excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission of layer 5a neurons were increased. Consequently, the organization of the barrels was impaired. Moreover, layer 4 spiny stellate cells were not able to properly gather, leading to abnormal formation of barrel walls as the ratio of barrel/septum size obviously decreased. Calretinin KO mice exhibited deficits in exploratory and whisker-associated tactile behaviors as well as social novelty preference. Our study expands our knowledge of layer 5a pyramidal neurons in the formation of barrel walls and deepens the understanding of the development of the whisker-barrel cortex system.

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