scholarly journals A quantitative assessment of the indirect impacts of human-elephant conflict

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253784
Author(s):  
Christie Sampson ◽  
S. L. Rodriguez ◽  
Peter Leimgruber ◽  
Qiongyu Huang ◽  
David Tonkyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Sustainable Mitigation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict has direct and indirect consequences for human communities. Understanding how both types of conflict affect communities is crucial to developing comprehensive and sustainable mitigation strategies. We conducted an interview survey of 381 participants in two rural areas in Myanmar where communities were exposed to human-elephant conflict (HEC). In addition to documenting and quantifying the types of direct and indirect impacts experienced by participants, we evaluated how HEC influences people’s attitudes towards elephant conservation. We found that 99% of participants suffered from some type of indirect impact from HEC, including fear for personal and family safety from elephants and fear that elephants will destroy their home. Despite experiencing moderate levels of indirect impacts from HEC at the community level, participants expressed attitudes consistent with supporting future elephant conservation programs.

Corruption, Income and Piracy. An empirical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insaf Bekir
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Software Piracy ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Lower Income Countries

AbstractThis paper subjects the piracy-corruption relationship to a detailed empirical examination. A distinction is drawn between the direct impact of corruption on piracy and the indirect impact which operates through corruption’s impact on per capita income and the resultant impact of income on piracy. Using data for 100 countries covering the period 1996–2010, both direct and indirect impacts of corruption on software piracy are estimated. Corruption is estimated to have a positive direct effect on the piracy rate. The indirect effect is found to be negative and smaller in absolute value than the direct effect for the majority of the sample income range. As a result, the total effect of corruption on software piracy is positive except for the lower income countries in the sample.

scholarly journals KOMPENSASI DAN PENGHARGAAN SEBAGAI INTERVENING HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENERAPAN DISIPLIN DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BKKBN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Siti Rokhmi Fuadati ◽  
Nuzulianti Rahayu ◽  
Hening Widi Oetomo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Expanding Population

The aim of the research is to study and analyze performances of East Java BKKBN’s officers by describing a conceptual framework about both direct and indirect impacts of Disciplinary Applying variables, Compensating, and Rewarding and Performances. In this research, performances levels directly influenced by Disciplinary Applying and indirect by bith disciplinary applying on performances through compensating and rewarding to East Java BKKBN’s officers. Sample of the research was proportionally taken using cluster system and served as respondent were East Java BKKBN’s officers as much 82 people. Data types used in the study were primary and secondary data with the questionnaire division.Based on the performed hypothetical cross-variable causality test using Path Analysis, obtained: Disciplinary Applying variables have a direct impact on performances with value or standardized coeficient of 0.209. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating with value or standardized coeficient of 0.066. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.323. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating and rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.431. More researches are required to develop the goal of this study in the future by observing performance improvement among the officers through Disciplinary Applying and Compensating as well as Rewarding but with different indicator selection than those in the study or adding more variables as well as expanding population thereby such as an analytical framework was obtained.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURE’S IMPACT FOR THE ECONOMY: INTER-INDUSTRY LINKAGES AND MULTIPLIER EFFECTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė DZEMYDAITĖ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Sectoral Linkages ◽  
The Eu

The role of agriculture sector is understood as being vital for economic development and well being of rural areas. Common agriculture policies in the EU and production shocks in agriculture sector reflect in production changes that causes direct and indirect effects for other industries development in the region, as well as, households’ income. This paper aimed to evaluate agriculture sector’s direct and indirect impacts for the economy by analyzing sectoral linkages and multiplier effects. Input-output analysis techniques were applied. Both output and income multipliers were evaluated. This paper supports the idea that agriculture sectors were more multiplying the economy than other sectors on average. This sector remains important catalyst of the economy, especially while taking into account development challenges in rural areas.

Protecting the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Armed conflicts have direct and indirect impacts on the natural environment, and climate risks now magnify this harm for dependent communities. Too often, the natural environment is directly attacked or suffers incidental damage as a result of the use of certain methods or means of warfare. It is also at risk from damage and destruction to the built environment, across urban and rural areas. To reduce this harm, parties to armed conflict can integrate legal protections for the environment into their armed forces’ doctrine to reduce damage as they fight. Humanitarians in turn must commit sufficient resources and expertise to respond to the needs of those coping with the environmental consequences of conflict, and limit their own climate and environmental footprint. In order to address this challenge, in November 2020 the ICRC released the Guidelines on the Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict which aim to contribute in a practical way to promoting respect for and protection of this precious asset during armed conflicts.

scholarly journals Emotional coping among communities affected by wildlife–caused damage in north-east India: opportunities for building tolerance and improving conservation outcomes

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict has been the focus of much research, and incidents of damage caused by wildlife to communities, as well as damage inflicted on wildlife by people, have been studied extensively to determine causes, conditions, impacts and mitigation strategies. However, few studies have explored the coping strategies employed by communities to deal with these stressful events. Understanding coping is important, as effective coping builds tolerance towards wildlife, whereas poor coping erodes tolerance and thus jeopardizes conservation. Interviews conducted with people who had experienced damage caused by wild elephantsElephas maximusin eight villages of Assam, in north-east India, found that the stress experienced by the communities as a result of the damage was eased by their religious beliefs associated with elephants, and their feelings of empathy towards these animals. Belief in the elephant as God and as avenger of wrong-doing further strengthened people's coping capacity. These findings have positive implications for elephant conservation, showing that people's tolerance towards marauding elephants can be based on religious beliefs rather than compensation for losses.

scholarly journals KOMPENSASI DAN PENGHARGAAN SEBAGAI INTERVENING HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENERAPAN DISIPLIN DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BKKBN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-523
Author(s):  
Siti Rokhmi Fuadati1 ◽  
Nuzulianti Rahayu ◽  
Hening Widi Oetomo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Expanding Population

The aim of the research is to study and analyze performances of East Java BKKBN’s officers by describing a conceptual framework about both direct and indirect impacts of Disciplinary Applying variables, Compensating, and Rewarding and Performances. In this research, performances levels directly influenced by Disciplinary Applying and indirect by bith disciplinary applying on performances through compensating and rewarding to East Java BKKBN’s officers. Sample of the research was proportionally taken using cluster system and served as respondent were East Java BKKBN’s officers as much 82 people. Data types used in the study were primary and secondary data with the questionnaire division.Based on the performed hypothetical cross-variable causality test using Path Analysis, obtained: Disciplinary Applying variables have a direct impact on performances with value or standardized coeficient of 0.209. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating with value or standardized coeficient of 0.066. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.323. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating and rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.431. More researches are required to develop the goal of this study in the future by observing performance improvement among the officers through Disciplinary Applying and Compensating as well as Rewarding but with different indicator selection than those in the study or adding more variables as well as expanding population thereby such as an analytical framework was obtained.

Comparative Study Of Green Practices In Haryana State Universities

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016
Author(s):  
Priyanka ◽  
Ms Ipshita Bansal
Keyword(s):  
State Universities ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Green Practices ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Complex Activities

Universities in the state are regarded as ‘small cities’ due to their large size, population, and the various complex activities taking place in campuses, which have some serious direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The current study focuses on the green practices in state universities of Haryana. The comparative analysis has been done between the multiple case studies and find out the best green practices being adopted in universities for moving towards making the green campus and recommend the area of improvement for making environment sustainable campus.

scholarly journals Impact of Entrepreneurship Extracurricular Activities and Inspiration on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110321
Author(s):  
Thuy Thu Nguyen ◽  
Linh Thi Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Thi Thanh Phan ◽  
Anh Trong Vu
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This empirical study proposed a comprehensive model testing the direct and indirect impacts of entrepreneurship extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship inspiration on students’ entrepreneurial intention. With the sample consisting of 640 students from 11 universities in Vietnam, the study used structural equation modeling analysis approach. The results revealed that entrepreneurship extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship inspiration are significantly related to students’ entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurship self-efficacy partially mediates these relations. The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention differs across the field of study. Technical students generally get more benefits from entrepreneurship educational activities than business and economics students do. The research findings recommended some implications for fostering graduates’ entrepreneurship in emerging countries.

scholarly journals Group Facilitation on Societal Disruption and Collapse: Insights from Deep Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6280
Author(s):  
Jem Bendell ◽  
Katie Carr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Group Facilitation ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Difficult Conversations ◽  
Radical Uncertainty ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

This article synthesises the practice and rationale behind ways of facilitating gatherings on topics of societal disruption and collapse, which is argued to be useful for lessening damaging responses. The authors draw on first-person inquiry as facilitators of gatherings, both online and in person, in the post-sustainability field of ‘Deep Adaptation,’ particularly since 2018. This term describes an agenda and framework for people who believe in the probable, inevitable or unfolding collapse of industrial consumer societies, due to the direct and indirect impacts of human-caused climate change and environmental degradation. Some of the principles of Deep Adaptation facilitation are summarised, such as containment, to enable co-responsibility for a safe enough space for difficult conversations. Another key principle is welcoming radical uncertainty in response to the anxieties that people feel from their anticipation of collapse. A third principle is making space for difficult emotions, which are welcomed as a natural and ongoing response to our predicament. A fourth aspect is a curiosity about processes of othering and separation. This paper provides a review of the theories that a reason for environmental destruction is the process of othering people and nature as being less significant or meaningful. One particular modality called Deep Relating is outlined.

scholarly journals A Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS)—A Novel Methodology to Measure the Holistic Operational Performance of Signalized Urban Intersections

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1018-1038
Author(s):  
Wesam Emad Saba ◽  
Salwa M. Beheiry ◽  
Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh ◽  
Mustafa S. AL-Tekreeti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Community Wellbeing ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Signalized urban intersections are key components of urban transportation networks. They are traditionally viewed and designed as primarily motorized traffic facilities, and thus their physical and operational designs have traditionally aimed at maximizing traffic throughput subject to constraints dictated by vehicular safety requirements and pedestrian crossing needs. Seen from a holistic viewpoint, urban intersections are hubs or effective centers of community activities of which traffic flow is only one. Those hubs have direct and indirect impacts on the overlapping traffic functionalities, the environment, public health, community wellbeing, and the local economy. This study proposes a new rating system, the Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS), aimed at appraising signalized intersections from a more inclusive viewpoint. This appraisal covers traffic functionality, sustainability, and public health and community wellbeing. This rating system can be used as a guide to conceive, plan, or design new intersections or revamp existing ones. HIRS rates signalized urban intersections based on the level of use of relevant enabling technologies, and the physical and operational designs that allow those intersections to operate holistically, thus leading to a more human-centric and sustainable operational performance. HIRS was validated using a panel of experts in construction, transportation, and public health. The Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to weigh the HIRS features. The rating system was piloted on a sample of 20 intersections in different cities in the UAE. The results revealed glaring gaps in services to or the consideration of pedestrians, cyclists, and nearby households. The sample intersections scored a mean of 32% on the public health and community wellbeing section, 37% on the pedestrian subsection, and 15% on the cyclist subsection. Such relatively low scores serve as indicators of areas for improvements, and if mapped to their specific features and their relative weights, specific physical and operations designs and technology integration can be identified as actionable items for inclusion in plans and/or designs.

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