Corruption, Income and Piracy. An empirical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insaf Bekir
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Software Piracy ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Lower Income Countries

AbstractThis paper subjects the piracy-corruption relationship to a detailed empirical examination. A distinction is drawn between the direct impact of corruption on piracy and the indirect impact which operates through corruption’s impact on per capita income and the resultant impact of income on piracy. Using data for 100 countries covering the period 1996–2010, both direct and indirect impacts of corruption on software piracy are estimated. Corruption is estimated to have a positive direct effect on the piracy rate. The indirect effect is found to be negative and smaller in absolute value than the direct effect for the majority of the sample income range. As a result, the total effect of corruption on software piracy is positive except for the lower income countries in the sample.

scholarly journals KOMPENSASI DAN PENGHARGAAN SEBAGAI INTERVENING HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENERAPAN DISIPLIN DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BKKBN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Siti Rokhmi Fuadati ◽  
Nuzulianti Rahayu ◽  
Hening Widi Oetomo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Expanding Population

The aim of the research is to study and analyze performances of East Java BKKBN’s officers by describing a conceptual framework about both direct and indirect impacts of Disciplinary Applying variables, Compensating, and Rewarding and Performances. In this research, performances levels directly influenced by Disciplinary Applying and indirect by bith disciplinary applying on performances through compensating and rewarding to East Java BKKBN’s officers. Sample of the research was proportionally taken using cluster system and served as respondent were East Java BKKBN’s officers as much 82 people. Data types used in the study were primary and secondary data with the questionnaire division.Based on the performed hypothetical cross-variable causality test using Path Analysis, obtained: Disciplinary Applying variables have a direct impact on performances with value or standardized coeficient of 0.209. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating with value or standardized coeficient of 0.066. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.323. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating and rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.431. More researches are required to develop the goal of this study in the future by observing performance improvement among the officers through Disciplinary Applying and Compensating as well as Rewarding but with different indicator selection than those in the study or adding more variables as well as expanding population thereby such as an analytical framework was obtained.

scholarly journals A quantitative assessment of the indirect impacts of human-elephant conflict

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253784
Author(s):  
Christie Sampson ◽  
S. L. Rodriguez ◽  
Peter Leimgruber ◽  
Qiongyu Huang ◽  
David Tonkyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Sustainable Mitigation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict has direct and indirect consequences for human communities. Understanding how both types of conflict affect communities is crucial to developing comprehensive and sustainable mitigation strategies. We conducted an interview survey of 381 participants in two rural areas in Myanmar where communities were exposed to human-elephant conflict (HEC). In addition to documenting and quantifying the types of direct and indirect impacts experienced by participants, we evaluated how HEC influences people’s attitudes towards elephant conservation. We found that 99% of participants suffered from some type of indirect impact from HEC, including fear for personal and family safety from elephants and fear that elephants will destroy their home. Despite experiencing moderate levels of indirect impacts from HEC at the community level, participants expressed attitudes consistent with supporting future elephant conservation programs.

scholarly journals KOMPENSASI DAN PENGHARGAAN SEBAGAI INTERVENING HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENERAPAN DISIPLIN DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BKKBN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-523
Author(s):  
Siti Rokhmi Fuadati1 ◽  
Nuzulianti Rahayu ◽  
Hening Widi Oetomo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Expanding Population

The aim of the research is to study and analyze performances of East Java BKKBN’s officers by describing a conceptual framework about both direct and indirect impacts of Disciplinary Applying variables, Compensating, and Rewarding and Performances. In this research, performances levels directly influenced by Disciplinary Applying and indirect by bith disciplinary applying on performances through compensating and rewarding to East Java BKKBN’s officers. Sample of the research was proportionally taken using cluster system and served as respondent were East Java BKKBN’s officers as much 82 people. Data types used in the study were primary and secondary data with the questionnaire division.Based on the performed hypothetical cross-variable causality test using Path Analysis, obtained: Disciplinary Applying variables have a direct impact on performances with value or standardized coeficient of 0.209. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating with value or standardized coeficient of 0.066. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.323. Disciplinary Applying variables have an indirect impact on performances through compensating and rewarding with value or standardized coeficient of 0.431. More researches are required to develop the goal of this study in the future by observing performance improvement among the officers through Disciplinary Applying and Compensating as well as Rewarding but with different indicator selection than those in the study or adding more variables as well as expanding population thereby such as an analytical framework was obtained.

Comparative Study Of Green Practices In Haryana State Universities

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016
Author(s):  
Priyanka ◽  
Ms Ipshita Bansal
Keyword(s):  
State Universities ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Green Practices ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Complex Activities

Universities in the state are regarded as ‘small cities’ due to their large size, population, and the various complex activities taking place in campuses, which have some serious direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The current study focuses on the green practices in state universities of Haryana. The comparative analysis has been done between the multiple case studies and find out the best green practices being adopted in universities for moving towards making the green campus and recommend the area of improvement for making environment sustainable campus.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Produk Makanan Olahan Halal pada Konsumen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Saniatun Nurhasah ◽  
Jono M Munandar ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Positive Direct

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Indonesia is one of the largest Moslem population countries in the world. It leads to the increasing of halal product demand in Indonesia. The awareness to consume halal product becomes a large market potential for producers to produce their halal products. Nowadays, halal is not only purely about religion matter, but also about business and trade. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customers on purchasing halal buying interest on processed food. We use a purposive sampling method with 109 respondents who are customers of the supermarkets and minimarkets in Bogor City/District, Indonesia. While data analysis is done by SEM-PLS method, this study uses brand image, perceived quality, perceived value, halal certification, health reason, halal awareness, and halal marketing as the factors which are affecting the halal purchase intention of the customers. The result showed that health reason, halal awareness, and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on purchasing intention. Halal marketing also shows a significant and positive effect on purchasing intention. While halal marketing shows a negative and significant effect on purchasing intention. The food safety, halal certification, brand image, and perceived quality show the same effect which has no direct effect on purchasing intention. Furthermore, food safety has an indirect effect on purchasing intention through health reason. Halal certification has an indirect effect on minat beli through brand image variable. Meanwhile, brand image and perceived quality have an indirect effect through perceived value variable on purchasing intention.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan produk halal di Indonesia. Kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi produk halal menjadi potensi pasar yang besar bagi produsen untuk memproduksi produk halal mereka. Saat ini, halal tidak hanya murni soal agama, tapi juga soal bisnis dan perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pelanggan dalam membeli pada makanan olahan halal. Kami menggunakan metode voluntery sampling dengan 109 responden yang merupakan pelanggan supermarket dan minimarket di Kota/Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode SEM-PLS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra merek, persepsi kualitas, persepsi nilai, sertifikasi halal, kesehatan, kesadaran halal, dan Pemasaran halal sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian halal pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran halal, alasan kesehatan, dan persepsi nilai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Pemasaran halal juga menunjukkan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Sedangkan pemasaran halal menunjukkan efek negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Keamanan pangan, sertifikasi halal, citra merek, dan kualitas yang dirasakan menunjukkan efek yang sama yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada niat beli. Selanjutnya, keamanan pangan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui alasan kesehatan. Sertifikasi halal memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui variabel citra merek. Sedangkan citra merek dan persepsi kualitasmemiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui persepsi nilai variable terhadap niat beli.</p>

Pengaruh Karakteristik Manajerial Terhadap Kinerja Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Kota Padang Melalui Orientasi Stratejik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Yenni Del Rosa ◽  
Imran Agus ◽  
Mohammad Abdilla
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Market Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Maximum Contribution ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Positive Direct

<p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of managerial characteristics on BMT performance through a strategic orientation. This research is an explanatory type with a sample of 390 people by purposive sampling. The study was collected using a Likert-style questionnaire and analyzed by SEM method. Exogenous latent variables 7 indicators, endogenous latent variables 6 indicators and endogenous variables 3 indicators. Outer models and inner models meet for SEM analysis. The maximum contribution of each managerial characteristic variable is 93.1% for the indicator of market opportunity identification, the strategic orientation variable is 96.1% for the indicator of making unique products and the BMT performance variable is 97.5% for the sales indicator. Managerial characteristics had a significant positive direct effect on strategic orientation of 22.1%. Managerial characteristics did not have a significant positive direct effect on BMT performance of 7.6%. Strategic orientation has a significant positive direct effect on BMT performance by 32.9%.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efek langsung dan tidak langsung dari karakteristik manajerial pada kinerja BMT melalui orientasi strategis. Penelitian ini adalah tipe eksplanatori dengan jumlah sampel 390 orang secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner gaya-Likert dan dianalisis dengan metode SEM. Variabel laten eksogen 7 indikator, variabel laten endogen 6 indikator dan variabel endogen 3 indikator. Model luar dan model dalam bertemu untuk analisis SEM. Kontribusi maksimum dari masing-masing variabel karakteristik manajerial adalah 93,1% untuk indikator identifikasi peluang pasar, variabel orientasi strategis 96,1% untuk indikator pembuatan produk unik dan variabel kinerja BMT adalah 97,5% untuk indikator penjualan. Karakteristik manajerial memiliki efek langsung positif yang signifikan terhadap orientasi strategis 22,1%. Karakteristik manajerial tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja BMT sebesar 7,6%. Orientasi strategis memiliki pengaruh langsung positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja BMT sebesar 32,9%.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Entrepreneurship Extracurricular Activities and Inspiration on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110321
Author(s):  
Thuy Thu Nguyen ◽  
Linh Thi Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Thi Thanh Phan ◽  
Anh Trong Vu
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This empirical study proposed a comprehensive model testing the direct and indirect impacts of entrepreneurship extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship inspiration on students’ entrepreneurial intention. With the sample consisting of 640 students from 11 universities in Vietnam, the study used structural equation modeling analysis approach. The results revealed that entrepreneurship extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship inspiration are significantly related to students’ entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurship self-efficacy partially mediates these relations. The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention differs across the field of study. Technical students generally get more benefits from entrepreneurship educational activities than business and economics students do. The research findings recommended some implications for fostering graduates’ entrepreneurship in emerging countries.

scholarly journals Group Facilitation on Societal Disruption and Collapse: Insights from Deep Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6280
Author(s):  
Jem Bendell ◽  
Katie Carr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Group Facilitation ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Difficult Conversations ◽  
Radical Uncertainty ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

This article synthesises the practice and rationale behind ways of facilitating gatherings on topics of societal disruption and collapse, which is argued to be useful for lessening damaging responses. The authors draw on first-person inquiry as facilitators of gatherings, both online and in person, in the post-sustainability field of ‘Deep Adaptation,’ particularly since 2018. This term describes an agenda and framework for people who believe in the probable, inevitable or unfolding collapse of industrial consumer societies, due to the direct and indirect impacts of human-caused climate change and environmental degradation. Some of the principles of Deep Adaptation facilitation are summarised, such as containment, to enable co-responsibility for a safe enough space for difficult conversations. Another key principle is welcoming radical uncertainty in response to the anxieties that people feel from their anticipation of collapse. A third principle is making space for difficult emotions, which are welcomed as a natural and ongoing response to our predicament. A fourth aspect is a curiosity about processes of othering and separation. This paper provides a review of the theories that a reason for environmental destruction is the process of othering people and nature as being less significant or meaningful. One particular modality called Deep Relating is outlined.

scholarly journals A Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS)—A Novel Methodology to Measure the Holistic Operational Performance of Signalized Urban Intersections

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1018-1038
Author(s):  
Wesam Emad Saba ◽  
Salwa M. Beheiry ◽  
Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh ◽  
Mustafa S. AL-Tekreeti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Community Wellbeing ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Signalized urban intersections are key components of urban transportation networks. They are traditionally viewed and designed as primarily motorized traffic facilities, and thus their physical and operational designs have traditionally aimed at maximizing traffic throughput subject to constraints dictated by vehicular safety requirements and pedestrian crossing needs. Seen from a holistic viewpoint, urban intersections are hubs or effective centers of community activities of which traffic flow is only one. Those hubs have direct and indirect impacts on the overlapping traffic functionalities, the environment, public health, community wellbeing, and the local economy. This study proposes a new rating system, the Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS), aimed at appraising signalized intersections from a more inclusive viewpoint. This appraisal covers traffic functionality, sustainability, and public health and community wellbeing. This rating system can be used as a guide to conceive, plan, or design new intersections or revamp existing ones. HIRS rates signalized urban intersections based on the level of use of relevant enabling technologies, and the physical and operational designs that allow those intersections to operate holistically, thus leading to a more human-centric and sustainable operational performance. HIRS was validated using a panel of experts in construction, transportation, and public health. The Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to weigh the HIRS features. The rating system was piloted on a sample of 20 intersections in different cities in the UAE. The results revealed glaring gaps in services to or the consideration of pedestrians, cyclists, and nearby households. The sample intersections scored a mean of 32% on the public health and community wellbeing section, 37% on the pedestrian subsection, and 15% on the cyclist subsection. Such relatively low scores serve as indicators of areas for improvements, and if mapped to their specific features and their relative weights, specific physical and operations designs and technology integration can be identified as actionable items for inclusion in plans and/or designs.

scholarly journals Mutualistic strategies minimize coextinction in plant–disperser networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20162302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C. Fricke ◽  
Joshua J. Tewksbury ◽  
Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽  
Haldre S. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Mutualistic Interactions ◽  
Simulated Network ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Seed Dispersal Mutualism

The global decline of mutualists such as pollinators and seed dispersers may cause negative direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity. Mutualistic network models used to understand the stability of mutualistic systems indicate that species with low partner diversity are most vulnerable to coextinction following mutualism disruption. However, existing models have not considered how species vary in their dependence on mutualistic interactions for reproduction or survival, overlooking the potential influence of this variation on species' coextinction vulnerability and on network stability. Using global databases and field experiments focused on the seed dispersal mutualism, we found that plants and animals that depend heavily on mutualistic interactions have higher partner diversity. Under simulated network disruption, this empirical relationship strongly reduced coextinction because the species most likely to lose mutualists depend least on their mutualists. The pattern also reduced the importance of network structure for stability; nested network structure had little effect on coextinction after simulations incorporated the empirically derived relationship between partner diversity and mutualistic dependence. Our results highlight a previously unknown source of stability in mutualistic networks and suggest that differences among species in their mutualistic strategy, rather than network structure, primarily accounts for stability in mutualistic communities.

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