scholarly journals Tissue block staining and domestic adhesive tape yield qualified integral sections of adult mouse orbits and eyeballs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255363
Author(s):  
Zhongmin Li ◽  
Martin Ungerer ◽  
Julia Faßbender ◽  
Clara Wenhart ◽  
Hans-Peter Holthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Histological Processing ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Percent Success ◽  
Traditional Processing

The standard histological processing procedure, which produces excellent staining of sections for most tissues, fails to yield satisfactory results in adult mouse orbits or eyeballs. Here, we show that a protocol using tissue block staining and domestic adhesive tapes resulted in qualified integral serial cryo-sections of whole orbits or eyeballs, and the fine structures were well preserved. The histological processing protocol comprises paraformaldehyde fixation, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decalcification, tissue block staining with hematoxylin and eosin, embedding, adhesive tape aided sectioning, and water-soluble mounting. This protocol was proved to be the best in comparison with seven other related existing histological traditional or non-traditional processing methods, according to the staining slice quality. We observed a hundred percent success rate in sectioning, collection, and mounting with this method. The reproducibility tested on qualified section success rates and slice quality scores confirmed that the technique is reliable. The feasibility of the method to detect target molecules in orbits was verified by successful trial tests on block immunostaining and adhesive tape-aided sectioning. Application of this protocol in joints, brains, and so on,—the challenging integral sectioning tissues, also generated high-quality histological staining sections.

scholarly journals Behavioural and electrophysiological characterization of an unknown water soluble anaesthesia-inducing agent found in common adhesive tape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhodeep Bhattacharya ◽  
Gokul Rajan ◽  
Kiranam Chatti ◽  
Joby Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Resultant Solution ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Electrophysiological Characterization

Immersion of a ubiquitously used brand of translucent pressure sensitive adhesive tape (TLPSAT), in normal water was found to confer anaesthetic-like effects to the resultant solution (TLPSAT A). We characterised this anaesthetic-like property by assessing its dose-dependence, behavioural effects and toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in comparison to other commonly used anaesthetics, namely 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) and tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS). Toxicity tests showed that it is comparable to TMS and safer than 2-PE in terms of mortality. We also observed differences in the nature of opercular movement due to the three compounds with differences in the power spectrum. Electrophysiological investigations using grasshopper (Hieroglyphus banian) as a model system led us to conclude that nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) mechanisms, or voltage gated calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels in insects are not affected by this anaesthetic at the concentrations effective in fish. Electroretinography (ERG) measurement from honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the presence of the different compounds yielded abolishment of the receptor potential under TMS or 2-PE perfusion whereas all ERG components were preserved under TLPSAT A perfusion, indicating that the Ca2+ dependent channels and photo-transduction machinery in bees are not potentially affected by TLPSAT A. Thus, the unknown compound(s) in the TLPSAT aqueous extract likely induce(s) anaesthesia in zebrafish via a mechanism unlike that of TMS and 2-PE.

scholarly journals Synthetic Effect of EDTA and Ni2+ on Methane Production and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Digestion Process of Kitchen Wastes

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhong ◽  
Yali Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Ni Addition

Batch tests were carried out to study the effect of simultaneous addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Ni2+ (EDTA-Ni) on anaerobic digestion (AD) performances of kitchen wastes (KWs). The results indicated that the cumulative biogas yield and methane content were enhanced to 563.82 mL/gVS and 63.7% by adding EDTA-Ni, respectively, which were almost 1.15 and 1.07-fold of that in the R2 with Ni2+ addition alone. At the same time, an obvious decrease of propionic acid was observed after EDTA-Ni addition. The speciation analysis of Ni showed that the percentages of water-soluble and exchangeable Ni were increased to 38.8% and 36.3% due to EDTA-Ni addition, respectively. Also, the high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the EDTA-Ni promoted the growth and metabolism of Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium, which might be the major reason for propionic acid degradation and methane production.

scholarly journals Improved Depiction of Pterygopalatine Fossa Anatomy Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Q. Oomen ◽  
F. A. Pameijer ◽  
J. J. M. Zwanenburg ◽  
G. J. Hordijk ◽  
J. A. De Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Purpose. To study the anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) using ultrahigh-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.Methods. A human cadaveric tissue block containing the pterygopalatine fossa was examined on a clinical 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system. Subsequently, cryosections of the tissue block were created in a coronal plane. The cryosections were photographed and collected on adhesive tape. The on-tape sections were stained for Mallory-Cason, in order to detail the anatomic structures within the fossa. Magnetic resonance images were compared with surface photos of the tissue block and on-tape sections.Results. High-resolution magnetic resonance images demonstrated the common macroscopic structures in the PPF. Smaller structures, best viewed at the level of the operation microscope, which have previously been obscured on magnetic resonance imaging, could be depicted. Some of the orbital pterygopalatine ganglion branches and the pharyngeal nerve were clearly viewed.Conclusions. In our experience with one human cadaver specimen, magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla seems effective in depicting pterygopalatine fossa anatomy and provides previously unseen details through its demonstration of the pharyngeal nerve and the orbital pterygopalatine ganglion branches. The true viability of depicting the pterygopalatine fossa with ultrahigh-resolution MR will depend on confirmation of our results in larger studies.

High-Pressure Transient Sensitization of Escherichia coli to Lysozyme and Nisin by Disruption of Outer-Membrane Permeability

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTEL J. A. HAUBEN ◽  
ELKE Y. WUYTACK ◽  
CARINE C. F. SOONTJENS ◽  
CHRIS W. MICHIELS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Glucose Agar

Escherichia coli MG1655 suspensions in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were subjected to high pressures in the range of 180 to 320 MPa for 15 min. Cell death was evident at 220 MPa and increased exponentially with pressure. Surviving populations were sublethally injured, as demonstrated by their reduced ability to form colonies on violet red bile glucose agar, a selective growth medium containing crystal violet and bile salts. During exposure to high pressure (> 180 MPa), cells were sensitive to lysozyme, nisin, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as was apparent from an increased lethality of pressure in the presence of these agents. Sublethal injury in the surviving population was lower in the presence of nisin and lysozyme, but higher in the presence of EDTA. Combinations of EDTA with nisin or lysozyme present during pressure treatment increased lethality in an additive manner. However, the addition of lysozyme, nisin and/or EDTA to pressurized cell suspensions immediately after pressure treatment did not cause any viable count reduction. Finally, we observed leakage of the periplasmic enzyme β-lactamase from an ampicillin-resistant recombinant E. coli MG1655 under high pressure. These results suggest that high pressure transiently disrupts the permeability of the E. coli outer membrane for water-soluble proteins.

Pyridoxine uptake by colonocytes: a specific and regulated carrier-mediated process

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. C1192-C1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab M. Said ◽  
Veedamali S. Subramanian ◽  
Nosratola D. Vaziri ◽  
Hamid M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
First Time

The water-soluble vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is important for normal cellular functions, growth, and development. The vitamin is obtained from two exogenous sources: a dietary source, which is absorbed in the small intestine, and a bacterial source, where the vitamin is synthesized in significant quantities by the normal microflora of the large intestine. Evidence exists to suggest the bioavailability of the latter source of the vitamin, but nothing is known about the mechanism involved and its regulation. In this study, we addressed these issues using young adult mouse colonic epithelial (YAMC) cells and human colonic apical membrane vesicles (AMV) as models and using [3H]pyridoxine as the uptake substrate. The results showed the initial rate of [3H]pyridoxine uptake by YAMC cells to be 1) energy- and temperature- (but not Na-) dependent and to occur without metabolic alteration in the transported substrate; 2) saturable as a function of concentration with an apparent Km and Vmax of 2.1 ± 0.5 μM and 53.4 ± 4.3 pmol·mg protein−1·3 min−1, respectively; 3) cis-inhibited by unlabeled pyridoxine and its structural analogs, but not by the unrelated compounds theophylline, penicillamine, and isoniazid; 4) trans-stimulated by unlabeled pyridoxine; 5) amiloride sensitive; and 6) regulated by extracellular and intracellular factors. Uptake of pyridoxine by native human colonic AMV was also found to involve a carrier-mediated process. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, the functional existence of a specific and regulatable carrier-mediated process for pyridoxine uptake by mammalian colonocytes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Histological Method in Quantitative Detection of Unauthorized Tissues (chicken skin and bone) in Reconstructed Kabab Loghme and Kielbasa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Sadeghinezhad ◽  
Hassan Morowati ◽  
Zohreh Kavyani Yekta ◽  
Kamand Fattahi ◽  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Histological Processing ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Processed Products

Introduction: Nowadays, consumption of meat and meat products have increased throughout the world. Regarding the economic values of meat, unauthorized tissues can be used in producing meat products. This study was conducted to detect unauthorized tissues in raw and processed meat products. Methods: Samples of Kabab loghme (70% meat) and kielbasa (30% and 90 % meat), each containing 5, 10, 15, and 20% of chicken skin and bone were prepared.  Then, each sample was divided into three parts. One piece was taken from each part and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. The samples were routinely processed for light microscopy and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin-embedded blocks were cut into 6 μm sections and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological study. Results: The histological examination revealed the chicken skin and bone tissues clearly in all the samples. The histometrical analysis indicated that the estimated percentages of the additive bone, especially in kabab loghme, were not significantly different from the real percentages. However, the skin tissue was difficult to estimate, especially in Kielbasa. Conclusion: The findings of the present research suggest the histological technique as an effective method for quantitative evaluations of raw and processed meat products. However, the quantitative evaluation of additive tissues in raw meat products was more convenience than the processed products. In addition, estimation of bone additive was more applicable in comparison with skin tissue due to its resistance to histological processing preparations.

scholarly journals Bone defect regeneration with bioactive glass implantation in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Luiz de Macedo ◽  
Fábio da Silva Matuda ◽  
Luís Guilherme Scavonne de Macedo ◽  
Michel Borges Gonzales ◽  
Suzana Martins Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Osteoconductive Property ◽  
Histological Processing ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Mature Bone

The main goal of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of surgically created defects on the tibiae of adult male rats after implantation of two types of bioactive glass. Sixteen adult Wistar rats (body weight of 300g) were divided into two groups: PerioGlas (PG) (n=8) and BioGran (BG) (n=8). Unicortical bone defects with 3-mm diameter were performed in both tibiae of the animals and filled with two types of glass particles. The rats were then sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, and the tissues were prepared for histological processing, sectioning, and staining with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Mallory trichrome, and analyzed under light microscope. Within 7-14 days, both groups presented connective tissue septa with new bone formation, more intense in the PG group. In the subsequent periods (30 and 60 days), both groups presented more mature bone tissue around the glass particles. Bone trabeculae formed in all experimental periods were juxtaposed to the glass particles. It can be concluded that both materials promoted comparable bone formation over the entire extension of the defect, independently of the size of the granules, thus confirming their biological osteoconductive property.

The Organs of Adhesion in the Aphid Megoura Viciae

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. LEES ◽  
JIM HARDIE
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Polished Glass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Distal Edge ◽  
Megoura Viciae ◽  
Pulling Force

The anatomy of the adhesive organs is described in Megoura viciae Buckton. The claws serve as grappling hooks which are locked in position by the retractor unguis tendon. The pulvilli, pliable cuticular sacs, are everted from the tibiotarsal articulation. They bear a surface adhesive, a non-volatile oil, which is secreted through the cuticle. The pulvilli are everted by blood pressure and are withdrawn inside the tibia by contraction of the tibial muscles. The adhesion of these organs to various types of surface was tested by covering over the pulvilli or by claw amputation. Pulling forces were applied by progressively loading the aphid with weights. The pulvilli perform best on relatively smooth surfaces. Aphids are dislodged from the underside of polished glass by a mass of approx. 9–14mg (a pulling force of 8.8-13.7×10−5N). The claws cannot engage a completely smooth surface but are highly effective on rough ones, withstanding a load of approx. 57 mg on dry filter paper. Adhesion of the pulvilli to waxy surfaces is only slightly less than on glass but is greatly reduced on surfaces with still lower free energies, such as Teflon. On a glass surface the pulvilli sometimes leave ‘footprints’ consisting of oily droplets of variable size. Nevertheless, in many instances such deposits are small or absent, indicating that the bond sometimes breaks between the adhesive and the substratum. In a selected series of footprints with large deposits, their volume was found to be sufficient to form a layer at least 17.7x−9m in thickness over the area of pulvillar contact. This is consistent with the view that surface tension forces would adequately account for adhesion, an additional limiting factor being the physical properties (wettability) of the substratum. Viscous forces would impede the very rapid (less than 0.02 s) removal of the pulvilli, were it not for the retraction mechanism which peels off the pulvillus from the distal edge, like a piece of adhesive tape. The ultrastructure of the pulvillar gland is described. The epidermal cells discharge into a cavity which is confluent with a further reservoir within the spongy endocuticle, itself a meshwork of dissociated cuticular microfibrils. The points of exit of the secretion appear to be the epicuticular filaments. The product of the gland, which can be collected by pricking the pulvilli, is water soluble and proteinaceous, differing entirely from the hydrophobic lipid-soluble end-product on the pulvillar surface. We presume that the lipoprotein precursor is dissociated enzymatically at the level of the inner epicuticle.

scholarly journals Enhanced Anaerobic Performances of Kitchen Wastes in a Semi-Continuous Reactor by EDTA Improving the Water-Soluble Fraction of Fe

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Kang ◽  
Han Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Fe Addition

The addition of Fe2+ is considered an effective method for increasing methane production, but the added Fe2+ may not be absorbed by anaerobic microorganisms due to complex chemical reactions. In this study, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as a ligand of Fe2+ (EDTA-Fe) to promote the dissolution of Fe, and the anaerobic performances of kitchen wastes (KWs) in a semi-continuous reactor were studied. The results indicated that the biogas yields and methane contents were enhanced to 594–613 mL·g−1VSadd·d−1 and 63.6–64.4% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.5 gVSadd·L−1·d−1 due to EDTA-Fe addition. Simultaneously, the EDTA-Fe was more effective than Fe2+ in preventing the acidification of KWs with a high OLR (5.0 gVSadd·L−1·d−1). In addition, the sequential extraction results showed that the water-soluble fraction of Fe in the R3 (EDTA-Fe addition) was 1.49-fold of that in the R2 with Fe2+ addition. The contents of coenzymes F420 and F430 were also improved 1.09 and 1.11 times, respectively. Mechanism analysis confirmed that the EDTA enhanced methane production and operational stability by promoting the dissolution of Fe and maintaining a high content of water-soluble Fe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document