scholarly journals A new neutrosophic sign test: An application to COVID-19 data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255671
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani ◽  
Huma Shakeel ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Wajiha Batool Awan ◽  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
The One ◽  
Interval Valued

The Sign test is a famous nonparametric test from classical statistics used to assess the one or two sample averages. The test is practical when the sample size is small, or the distributional assumption under a parametric test does not satisfy. One of the limitations of the Sign test is the exact form of the data, and the existing methodology of the test does not cover the interval-valued data. The interval-valued data often comes from the fuzzy logic where the experiment’s information is not sure and possesses some kind of vagueness, uncertainty or indeterminacy. This research proposed a modified version of the Sign test by considering the indeterminate state and the exact form of the data—the newly proposed sign test methodology is designed for both one-sample and two-sample hypothesis testing problems. The performance of the proposed modified versions of the Sign test is evaluated through two real-life data examples comprised of covid-19 reproduction rate and covid-positive daily occupancy in ICU in Pakistan. The findings of the study suggested that our proposed methodologies are suitable in nonparametric decision-making problems with an interval–valued data. Therefore, applying the new neutrosophic sign test is explicitly recommended in biomedical sciences, engineering, and other statistical fields under an indeterminate environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of COVID-19 data using neutrosophic Kruskal Wallis H test

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani ◽  
Huma Shakeel ◽  
Wajiha Batool Awan ◽  
Maham Faheem ◽  
Muhammad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Interval Valued

Abstract Background Kruskal-Wallis H test from the bank of classical statistics tests is a well-known nonparametric alternative to a one-way analysis of variance. The test is extensively used in decision-making problems where one has to compare the equality of several means when the observations are in exact form. The test is helpless when the data is in an interval form and has some indeterminacy. Methods The interval-valued data often contain uncertainty and imprecision and often arise from situations that contain vagueness and ambiguity. In this research, a modified form of the Kruskal-Wallis H test has been proposed for indeterminacy data. A comprehensive theoretical methodology with an application and implementation of the test has been proposed in the research. Results The proposed test is applied on a Covid-19 data set for application purposes. The study results suggested that the proposed modified Kruskal-Wallis H test is more suitable in interval-valued data situations. The application of this new neutrosophic Kruskal-Wallis test on the Covid-19 data set showed that the proposed test provides more relevant and adequate results. The data representing the daily ICU occupancy by the Covid-19 patients were recorded for both determinate and indeterminate parts. The existing nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test under Classical Statistics would have given misleading results. The proposed test showed that at a 1% level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference among the average daily ICU occupancy by corona-positive patients of different age groups. Conclusions The findings of the results suggested that our proposed modified form of the Kruskal-Wallis is appropriate in place of the classical form of the test in the presence of the neutrosophic environment.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Yan-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Shuang Liang ◽  
Xue-Wu Lin ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

scholarly journals Estimating Simultaneous Equation Models through an Entropy-Based Incremental Variational Bayes Learning Algorithm

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Rocío Hernández-Sanjaime ◽  
Martín González ◽  
Antonio Peñalver ◽  
Jose J. López-Espín
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Variational Bayes ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Models

The presence of unaccounted heterogeneity in simultaneous equation models (SEMs) is frequently problematic in many real-life applications. Under the usual assumption of homogeneity, the model can be seriously misspecified, and it can potentially induce an important bias in the parameter estimates. This paper focuses on SEMs in which data are heterogeneous and tend to form clustering structures in the endogenous-variable dataset. Because the identification of different clusters is not straightforward, a two-step strategy that first forms groups among the endogenous observations and then uses the standard simultaneous equation scheme is provided. Methodologically, the proposed approach is based on a variational Bayes learning algorithm and does not need to be executed for varying numbers of groups in order to identify the one that adequately fits the data. We describe the statistical theory, evaluate the performance of the suggested algorithm by using simulated data, and apply the two-step method to a macroeconomic problem.

scholarly journals Learning Mathematics Through Mathematical Modelling Processes Within Sports Day Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Sakon Tangkawsakul ◽  
Nuttapat Mookda ◽  
Weerawat Thaikam
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
The One ◽  
Modelling Task

In this study, we adapted the school sports day to provide opportunities to relate real-life situations with mathematical knowledge and skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the way that the teachers interact with their students and the students’ responses during mathematical modelling processes. The designing of the modelling task was inspired by the Realistic Fermi Problems about the bleacher in the school sports day. The modelling task was designed by a collaboration of mathematics teachers and educators and experimented with 10th-grade students. Each experiment lasted for 45 minutes and was conducted in the one-day camp with 45 students. The results showed that the students who had no previous experience of mathematical modelling engaged in mathematical modelling processes with their friends under the guidance and supporting of the teacher. Most of them were able to think, make assumptions, collect data, observe, make conjectures and create mathematical models to understand and solve the modelling task.   

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN KADER POSYANDU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN BUKU KIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Dewi Zolekhah ◽  
Liberty Barokah ◽  
Elvika Fit Ari Shanti
Keyword(s):  
Sign Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
The One

Buku KIA merupakan buku yang berisi catatan kesehatan ibu dan anak yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak melalui upaya mendeteksi secara dini adanya masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak. Kader diharuskan untuk membaca dan secara bertahap mempelajari buku KIA yang merupakan petunjuk nasional setelah mereka melakukan kegiatan Posyandu sebagai evaluasi atas apa yang telah mereka kerjakan. Terbatasnya informasi dan pelatihan kader yang kurang menyebabkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader tentang penggunaan buku KIA rendah. Tujuaan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dengan model pembelajraan kooperatif terhadap keterampilan kader dalam menggunakan buku KIA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimental dengan rancangan (The One Group Pretest Posttest) dengan populasi 30 kader Posyandu sebagai sampel di wilayah kerja Puskesmas. Analisis data menggunakan Wilxocon Sign test, didapatkan p value (0,000) < 0,005. Hasil uji prasyarat parametrik untuk data keterampilan didapatkan data tidak berdistribusi normal, analisis data menggunakan wilcoxon, didapatkan hasil nilai p value 0,000 < 0,005 sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna keterampilan kader sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap keterampilan kader posyandu  dalam menggunakan buku KIA.

scholarly journals Decision making under interval uncertainty: toward (somewhat) more convincing justifications for Hurwicz optimism-pessimism approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warattaya Chinnakum ◽  
Laura Berrout Ramos ◽  
Olugbenga Iyiola ◽  
Vladik Kreinovich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Interval Uncertainty ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
Utility Approach ◽  
Interval Valued ◽  
Weighted Combination

Purpose In real life, we only know the consequences of each possible action with some uncertainty. A typical example is interval uncertainty, when we only know the lower and upper bounds on the expected gain. A usual way to compare such interval-valued alternatives is to use the optimism–pessimism criterion developed by Nobelist Leo Hurwicz. In this approach, a weighted combination of the worst-case and the best-case gains is maximized. There exist several justifications for this criterion; however, some of the assumptions behind these justifications are not 100% convincing. The purpose of this paper is to find a more convincing explanation. Design/methodology/approach The authors used utility approach to decision-making. Findings The authors proposed new, hopefully more convincing, justifications for Hurwicz’s approach. Originality/value This is a new, more intuitive explanation of Hurwicz’s approach to decision-making under interval uncertainty.

scholarly journals ISLAM PROGRESIF INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
A. ILYAS ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
A Priority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Islam

Theofogicaffy, Islam is one and absolutely correct. However, historicaffy, after being understood and translated into the real life, Islam is not single, but various or plural that manifests at feast in three schools of thoughts: Traditional Islam, Revivalist Islam (fundamentalism), and Liberal Islam (Progressive). The group of Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) represents the fast school of thoughts. Even though it is stiff young (ten years), JIL becomes populer because it frequentfy proposes the new thoughts that often evoke controversions in the community. The reformation of thoughts proposed by JIL covers four areas: first, reformation in politics. In this context, JIL gives a priority to the idea of secularism; Second, reformation in socio-religion. Dealing with this, JIL proposes the concept of pluralism; Third, reformation in individual freedom. In this case, JIL gives a priority to the idea of liberalism both in thoughts and actions;fourth, reformation in women. Regarding this, JIL proposes the idea of gender equaliry. This reformation thought of JIL receives pro and con in the community. On the one hand,some of them panne and fulminate it; on the other hand, the other ones support and give appreciation. In such situation, JIL grows as a thought and Islamic progressive movement in Indonesia. Key Words: Islamic Thought, JIL, Secularism, Pluralism, Liberalism, and Gender Equality.

scholarly journals Comparison of TIMS-PASEF quantitative proteomics data-analysis workflows using FragPipe, DIA-NN, and Spectronaut from a user's perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Fernandez-Vega ◽  
Federica Farabegoli ◽  
Maria Mercedes Alonso-Martinez ◽  
Ignacio Ortea
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition ◽  
Proteomics Experiment ◽  
Under Sampling ◽  
The One

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods have gained great popularity in bottom-up quantitative proteomics, as they overcome the irreproducibility and under-sampling limitations of data-dependent acquisition (DDA). diaPASEF, recently developed for the timsTOF Pro mass spectrometers, has brought improvements to DIA, providing additional ion separation (in the ion mobility dimension) and increasing sensitivity. Several studies have benchmarked different workflows for DIA quantitative proteomics, but mostly using instruments from Sciex and Thermo, and therefore, the results are not extrapolable to diaPASEF data. In this work, using a real-life sample set like the one that can be found in any proteomics experiment, we compared the results of analyzing PASEF data with different combinations of library-based and library-free analysis, combining the tools of the FragPipe suite, DIA-NN and including MS1-level LFQ with DDA-PASEF data, and also comparing with the workflows possible in Spectronaut. We verified that library-independent workflows, not so efficient not so long ago, have greatly improved in the recent versions of the software tools, and now perform as well or even better than library-based ones. We report here information so that the user who is going to conduct a relative quantitative proteomics study using a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer can make an informed decision on how to acquire (diaPASEF for DIA analysis, or DDA-PASEF for MS1-level LFQ) the samples, and what can be expected depending on the data analysis tool used, among the different alternatives offered by the recently optimized tools for TIMS-PASEF data analysis.

scholarly journals Tornumonkpe Distribution: Statistical Properties and Goodness of Fit

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Barinaadaa John Nwikpe
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Moment Generating Function ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Coefficient Of Skewness ◽  
New Distribution

A new sole parameter probability distribution named the Tornumonkpe distribution has been derived in this paper. The new model is a blend of gamma (2,  and gamma(3  distributions. The shape of its density for different values of the parameter has been shown.  The mathematical expression for the moment generating function, the first three raw moments, the second and third moments about the mean, the distribution of order statistics, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness has been given. The parameter of the new distribution was estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The goodness of fit of the Tornumonkpe distribution was established by fitting the distribution to three real life data sets. Using -2lnL, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) as criterial for selecting the best fitting model, it was revealed that the new distribution outperforms the one parameter exponential, Shanker and Amarendra distributions for the data sets used.

The Action of the Eyecup Muscles of the Crab, Carcinus, During Optokinetic Movements

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
M. BURROWS ◽  
G. A. HORRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
The One

1. The actions of the nine eyecup muscles of the crab during horizontal optokinetic movements are described. 2. Each muscle includes a wide spectrum of fibre types, ranging from phasic, with sarcomere lengths of 3-4 µm., through intermediate, to tonic fibres with sarcomeres of 10-12 µm. Each muscle receives at least one slow and one fast motoneuron, but no inhibitory supply. The slow axons predominantly innervate the tonic muscle fibres while the fast axons innervate the phasic ones. 3. Slow movement and the position of the eyecup in space are controlled by the frequency of slow motoneuron discharges. All muscles collaborate at every position. The phasic system is recruited during rapid eyecup movements of large amplitude. 4. In optokinetic nystagmus the exact form of the impulse sequences are described for each muscle. They are the consequence of a visually driven central programme which takes no account of the movement which it generates. Movements in opposite directions involve different central programmes; the one is not merely the reverse of the other. There is no effective proprioceptive feedback from the eyecup joint or from muscle tension receptors.

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