scholarly journals Analysis of COVID-19 data using neutrosophic Kruskal Wallis H test

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani ◽  
Huma Shakeel ◽  
Wajiha Batool Awan ◽  
Maham Faheem ◽  
Muhammad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Interval Valued

Abstract Background Kruskal-Wallis H test from the bank of classical statistics tests is a well-known nonparametric alternative to a one-way analysis of variance. The test is extensively used in decision-making problems where one has to compare the equality of several means when the observations are in exact form. The test is helpless when the data is in an interval form and has some indeterminacy. Methods The interval-valued data often contain uncertainty and imprecision and often arise from situations that contain vagueness and ambiguity. In this research, a modified form of the Kruskal-Wallis H test has been proposed for indeterminacy data. A comprehensive theoretical methodology with an application and implementation of the test has been proposed in the research. Results The proposed test is applied on a Covid-19 data set for application purposes. The study results suggested that the proposed modified Kruskal-Wallis H test is more suitable in interval-valued data situations. The application of this new neutrosophic Kruskal-Wallis test on the Covid-19 data set showed that the proposed test provides more relevant and adequate results. The data representing the daily ICU occupancy by the Covid-19 patients were recorded for both determinate and indeterminate parts. The existing nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test under Classical Statistics would have given misleading results. The proposed test showed that at a 1% level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference among the average daily ICU occupancy by corona-positive patients of different age groups. Conclusions The findings of the results suggested that our proposed modified form of the Kruskal-Wallis is appropriate in place of the classical form of the test in the presence of the neutrosophic environment.

scholarly journals Fuel and lubricant consumption in felling the young oak-hornbeam stands

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Vojislav Bajic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Average Consumption

Based on the elements of statistical analysis on the dependence of fuel and lubricant consumption on tree diameter, it was assessed that with the increase of tree diameter, the fuel and lubricant consumption in the young oak and hornbeam stands decreases significantly, both in clear felling and in thinning and that the function form Y=exp(a+b x X?1) is the best description of the correlation The consumption of fuel compared to lubricant consumption is almost double, which agrees with the results of the previous studies. Average consumption of fuel and lubricant is 17.43 mL x tree?1, on the plots 20.27 mL x tree?1, average consumption of lubricant per tree on skid roads is 9.4 mL x tree?1, on the plots 11 mL x tree?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant on the plots with selective thinning is the consequence of the longer time needed for the conversion per tree, compared to that in clear felling The consumption of fuel per unit area on the skid roads (clear felling) is 22.9 L x ha?1, on the plots (selective thinning) 7.6 L x ha?1. The consumption of lubricant on the skid roads is 13.3 L x ha?1, on the plots 4.29 L x ha?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant per unit area on the skid roads is due to the difference in the number of trees per unit area Based on the results of the analysis of variance, it was found out that between fuel and lubricant consumption in selective thinning and in felling the trees along tractor skid roads there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance of 95%. So, for practical purposes, the unique norms of consumption can be established for the stands similar to those in which the study was performed.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQUI ◽  
SAAD SIDDIQUI ◽  
NOREEN SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases

Objectives: To assess common presenting features and the role of Ultrasound in evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases in ourpopulation. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Khyber X rays, Khyber Medical Centre, Peshawar. Period: August 2010 to December2010. Material and Methods: Data from patients presenting for evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases was analyzed for presenting complaintsand ultrasound findings according to objectives of the study. Results: In total 197 cases were included in the study. The age wise categorizationincluded pediatric population (6.1%) adult population (87.3%) and geriatric population (6.6%). Upper abdominal pain was the most commonpresenting feature in all age groups as well as in both genders. Cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis was the most common ultrasoundfinding in all age groups. No statistically significant difference was found between presenting features or ultrasound findings in different agegroups as well as across gender. Conclusions: Hepatobiliary diseases are among major illnesses in our region. Ultrasound is a sensitive anduseful tool for screening and evaluation of Hepatobiliary disorders.

scholarly journals A Decision-Making Algorithm Based on the Average Table and Antitheses Table for Interval-Valued Fuzzy Soft Set

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Xiuqin Ma ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Hongwu Qin ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Soft Set ◽  
Fuzzy Soft Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Interval Valued

Interval-valued fuzzy soft set is one efficient mathematical model employed to handle the uncertainty of data. At present, there exist two interval-valued fuzzy soft set-based decision-making algorithms. However, the two existing algorithms are not applicable in some cases. Therefore, for the purpose of working out this problem, we propose a new decision-making algorithm, based on the average table and the antitheses table, for this mathematical model. Here, the antitheses table has symmetry between the objects. At the same time, an example is designed to prove the availability of our algorithm. Later, we compare our proposed algorithm with the two existing decision-making algorithms in several cases. The comparison result shows that only our proposed algorithm can make an effective decision in exceptional cases, and the other two methods cannot make decisions. It is therefore obvious that our algorithm has a stronger decision-making ability, thus further demonstrating the feasibility of our algorithm. In addition, a real data set of the homestays in Siming District, Xiamen is provided to further corroborate the practicability of our algorithm in a realistic situation.

Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Prognosis of Endodontic Therapy: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Sachdeva ◽  
Anurag Sarin ◽  
Ajai Gupta ◽  
Shobhit Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Quality Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

ABSTRACT Introduction Success of root canal therapy (RCT) is largely dependent upon the quality of biomechanical preparation and obturation of the pulp canal. Improperly cleaned or shaped root canal, regardless of the type of obturation method and obturating material, cannot lead to the success of endodontic therapy. Hence, we conducted a clinical comparative analysis of two obturating techniques. Materials and methods A total of 140 patients receiving RCT at the department of Endodontic were included in the present study. The average follow-up time for the patients was 29 months (18–38 months). Patients were grouped into two depending on the type of obturating technique used. Evaluation of the clinical and radiographic follow-up records of the patients was done and analysis was made. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for assessing the level of significance. Results The average age of the patients undergoing obturation with carrier-based obturation (CO) technique and lateral compaction (LC) technique was 43 and 48 years respectively. While comparing failure and success of the teeth at the time of follow-up, nonsignificant results were obtained. Significant difference was seen, while comparing the presence of voids and type of teeth in which endodontic therapy was performed using different obturating techniques. Conclusion Endodontic therapy done with LC obturating technique or with CO technique shows prognostic difference on the outcome or quality of treatment therapy. Clinical significance Quality of obturation is more important rather than type while performing endodontic therapy for better prognosis. How to cite this article Sarin A, Gupta P, Sachdeva J, Gupta A, Sachdeva S, Nagpal R. Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Prognosis of Endodontic Therapy: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):582-586.

scholarly journals Investigation of Prospective Kickboxing Coaches’ Self-Esteem in Decision Making and Decision Making Styles

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Eyyup Nacar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
The Face ◽  
Level Of Significance

Decision refers to the act of choosing the most appropriate type of action possible according to present possibilities and conditions in order to achieve an aim. Decision making covers all cognitive and behavioral effort for choosing and preferring in the face of various situations and events. Starting from this point of view, in our study, it was aimed to investigate prospective kickboxing students’ self-esteem in decision making and decision making styles.The study included 62 voluntary prospective coaches, who participated in a kickboxing coaching in the city center of Elazığ in 2017. In order to obtain personal information from the participant prospective coaches in the study, a personal information form (age, gender, years of doing sports) was formed. In order to investigate the self-esteem in decision making and decision making styles of prospective kickboxing coaches, the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, which was originally developed by Mann et al., (1998) and adapted into Turkish by Deniz (2004), was utilized. The obtained data were evaluated by using SPSS statistics package software and the level of significance was regarded as p<0.05.As a result of the study, according to participants’ variables of age, gender and years of doing sports, the comparison of prospective teachers’ decision making and decision making style mean scores did not constitute a statistically significant difference. The self-esteem levels of coaches in decision making were observed to be significantly high.

scholarly journals Increasing postural deformity trends and body mass index analysis in school-age children

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safet Kapo ◽  
Izet Rađo ◽  
Nusret Smajlović ◽  
Siniša Kovač ◽  
Munir Talović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spine Deformities

Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to analyse the deviations of the body posture and to assess the occurrence of spine deformities. Additionally, Body Mass Index in school children was related to the trend in postural deformities for different age groups (5-8 years old, n=112; 9-11 years old, n=205; 12-14 years old, n=212) as part of the project “Spine Lab”, granted from the European Commission IPA founds, investigating the importance of public health issues. Methods Body posture was measured using Contemplas 3D software analyser, based on video image trajectory and BIA weight scale (Tanita BC 420). Overall, 17 variables were assessed, and differences were confirmed using MANOVA analysis. Results The results showed that there is a significant difference between age groups for the measured variables (F=9.27; p<0.01; η2=0.26), suggesting a moderate difference across the age span. Conclusion The study results showed that there is a negative trend of increasing Body Mass Index within the first and youngest age group. The fact is that the trend of increasing deformity of the shoulder belt has been noted, often inclining towards the formation of milder forms of kyphotic posture. Other forms of deformity that are accentuated in the survey results are the negative trend of increasing pelvic rotation and pelvis rotation which inclines towards the formation of lordotic posture for all three age groups.

The Variation of Ice Strength Within and Between Multiyear Pressure Ridges in the Beaufort Sea

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Percent Level ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Variance Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Local Variability ◽  
Main Factor

A recent series of tests on the uniaxial compressive strength of ice samples taken from multiyear pressure ridges allows the testing of several hypotheses concerning the variation in strength within and between ridges. The data set consists of 218 strength tests performed at two temperatures (−5° and −20°C) and two strain rates (10−3 and 10−5 s−1). There was no significant difference between the strength of the ice from the ridge sails and the ice from the ridge keels when tested under identical conditions. As the total porosity of the ice from the sails is higher by 40 percent than the ice from the keels, the lack of a significant difference is believed to result from the large variations in the structure of the ice which occur randomly throughout the cores. A three-level analysis of variance model was used to study the variations in strength between 10 different ridges, between cores located side by side in a given ridge, and between samples from the same core. In all cases the main factor contributing to the observed variance was the differences within cores. This is not surprising considering the rather extreme local variability in the structure of ice in such ridges. There was no reason at the 5 percent level of significance to doubt the hypothesis that the different cores at the same site and the different ridges have equal strength means.

scholarly journals Multi-sensor driver drowsiness monitoring

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Boyraz ◽  
M Acar ◽  
D Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Subtractive Clustering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Significant Difference

A system for driver drowsiness monitoring is proposed, using multi-sensor data acquisition and investigating two decision-making algorithms, namely a fuzzy inference system (FIS) and an artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the drowsiness level of the driver. Drowsiness indicator signals are selected allowing non-intrusive measurements. The experimental set-up of a driver-drowsiness-monitoring system is designed on the basis of the sought-after indicator signals. These selected signals are the eye closure via pupil area measurement, gaze vector and head motion acquired by a monocular computer vision system, steering wheel angle, vehicle speed, and force applied to the steering wheel by the driver. It is believed that, by fusing these signals, driver drowsiness can be detected and drowsiness level can be predicted. For validation of this hypothesis, 30 subjects, in normal and sleep-deprived conditions, are involved in a standard highway simulation for 1.5h, giving a data set of 30 pairs. For designing a feature space to be used in decision making, several metrics are derived using histograms and entropies of the signals. An FIS and an ANN are used for decision making on the drowsiness level. To construct the rule base of the FIS, two different methods are employed and compared in terms of performance: first, linguistic rules from experimental studies in literature and, second, mathematically extracted rules by fuzzy subtractive clustering. The drowsiness levels belonging to each session are determined by the participants before and after the experiment, and videos of their faces are assessed to obtain the ground truth output for training the systems. The FIS is able to predict correctly 98 per cent of determined drowsiness states (training set) and 89 per cent of previously unknown test set states, while the ANN has a correct classification rate of 90 per cent for the test data. No significant difference is observed between the FIS and the ANN; however, the FIS might be considered better since the rule base can be improved on the basis of new observations.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Workload and Class Size as Correlate of Students’ Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools in Singida Urban

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 1282-1291
Author(s):  
Valentine Mathias Tarimo ◽  
David Bahati ◽  
Ramadhani Abedi Labito
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Class Size ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Level Of Significance

The study sought to establish the relationship between teachers’ workload, class size and students’ academic performance from five selected secondary schools in Singida urban. The study was guided by  three objectives and three research hypotheses. The study employed correlational cross-sectional design. A sample size of two hundred nighty four respondents was randomly chosen from five secondary schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. The collected data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) using Karl Pearson’s Linear Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis to assess the correlation between teachers’ workload and class size and students’ academic performance. The study results indicated that, there was no significant relationship between teachers’ workload and students’ academic performance in surveying secondary schools in Singida Urban at the five percent level of significance. Further, the findings show that class size was positively correlated with  students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Singida urban. Also,  there is a significant difference between teachers’ work load and class size in relation to students of academic performance in selected secondary schools in Singida urban.  Based on the study findings, it is recommended  that, emphasis should be directed at improving class size if teachers and education stakeholders in Singida urban have to increase students’ academic performance. The study concluded class size is found to be the best predictor of students’ academic performance in the surveyed secondary schools in Singida Urban.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Vidya Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from ‘Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic’ Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearson’s Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122

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