scholarly journals Detection of Helicobacter Pylori infection by invasive and non-invasive techniques in patients with gastrointestinal diseases from Iraq: A validation study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawaa A. Hussein ◽  
Mushtak T. S. Al-Ouqaili ◽  
Yasin H. Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Invasive Techniques

There is still no agreement on the gold standard technique for diagnosing of H. Pylori in Iraq, as well as a paucity of data on the validity of different diagnostic techniques. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of this bacterium with different methods and compare them to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a golden standard technique among Iraqi patients. In total, 115 Iraqi patients strongly suspected of H. pylori infection were enrolled in the current study. Invasive techniques including rapid urease testing (RUT) and gastric tissue culture in addition to non-invasive techniques including 14C-Urea breath test (14C-UBT), stool antigen test (SAT), CagA-IgG serology, and qPCR were performed to confirm the H. pylori infection. The qPCR was used as the gold standard to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the studied diagnostic tests. Overall, the prevalence rate of H. pylori in Iraqi patients was ranged from 47.8 to 70.4% using different methods. The positive results for each test were as follows: qPCR 81, (70.4%) UBT 79 (68.7%), SAT 77 (67%), RUT 76 (66.1%), Cag-IgG 61 (53%), and culture 55 (47.8%). The 14C-UBT showed the highest overall performance with 97.5% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and total accuracy of 97.3% followed by SAT, RUT, Cag-IgG, and culture method. Based on the accuracy of the studied methods for H. pylori detection, they can be arranged in order as follows: qPCR > UBT > SAT > RUT> CagA IgG > culture. Since a universal gold standard assay for the diagnosis of H. pylori has not yet been established in Iraq, the UBT may be recommended as first choice due to its higher performance compared to other methods.

scholarly journals Progress of non-invasive diagnostic of liver fibrosis: review of modern laboratory methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
E. A. Kulebina ◽  
A. N. Surkov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Fibrosis and cirrhosis are traditionally diagnosed by making a biopsy. However, in recent decades, scientists around the world have shown that the accepted “gold standard of diagnosis” – morphological assessment of biopsy – has a number of limitations. The search for non-invasive techniques to diagnose fibrosis has led to the development of many scales using laboratory indices. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques are safer for the patient than liver biopsy. In addition, they can be repeated in a dynamic to assess the condition of the liver over time. Most currently available non-invasive diagnostic techniques are considerably cheaper than the accepted “gold standard”. Their practical use is increasing every year, and in a number of countries the frequency of liver biopsies in viral hepatitis B and C is steadily decreasing due to the development of serum and imaging diagnostic systems. Recent studies show that the assessment of the degree of fibrosis by non-invasive methods is as accurate as a morphological study. In recent years, a number of serum markers have been considered as non-invasive diagnostics of the stages of liver fibrosis, among which the largest number of studies are devoted to hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen, and their combination with various common laboratory tests. The latest non-invasive techniques will make a significant paradigm shift in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in the near future. In this review we have analyzed widely used as well as experimental laboratory techniques used in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
Adnan Qadir ◽  
Irfan Younis ◽  
Shahid Raza Khalid ◽  
Zamir Butt ◽  
Shahid Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Helicobactor Pylori ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
H Pylori

Objectives: To determine diagnostic accuracy of H.pylori Stool Antigen test fordiagnosing Helicobactor pylori infection, keeping histopathology as gold standard. Studydesign: Cross sectional Validation Study. Place and duration: Study was conducted indepartment of Gastroenterology Military Hospital, Rawalpindi for six months from 1st November2014 to 30th April, 2015. Patients and methods: Serial patients presenting with dyspepsiafulfilling the inclusion criteria were entered in study program. Endoscopy was performed to takeantral biopsies for histopathology and stool was taken to test H.pylori antigen. SPSS version16.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty (72.2%) out of 110 patients were male, themean age and standard deviation was 33 ±16yrs. Three patients left study just before startingendoscopy. Eighty (74.76%) cases out of 107 patients were both positive for histology andHpSA test. Stool for H.pylori test was positive in 82 (76.63%) while histopathological diagnosiswas made in 83(77.57%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 96.3% and 91.66% whilepositive and negative predictive values of the stool H.pylori test were 97.56%, and 88.0%respectively. Overall the diagnostic accuracy of stool H.pylori test was 94.4% for diagnosisof H. pylori infection. Conclusion: Stool for H.pylori Antigen can be used as alternative tohistopathology due to its non-invasive nature, patient’s preference and ease of repetition.

scholarly journals Shear Wave Elastography in Evaluating Acute Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: Preliminary Results.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Roch ◽  
Fernando García ◽  
María Flores ◽  
Ruben González ◽  
Miguel Cepeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Allograft Dysfunction ◽  
Gold Standard Technique

In absence of pharmacological toxicity, allograft dysfunction is usually due to parenchymal inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but its clinical signs are often non-specific and tend to appear when advanced damage has been established. We investigated whether Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), a new non-invasive ultrasound (US) based technique that estimates tissue stiffness, could provide early confident diagnosis of acute allograft dysfunction compared to biopsy (gold standard technique).

scholarly journals Clinical review of non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement in medical cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 009-014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Nair
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Icp Monitoring ◽  
Neurological Emergencies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Invasive Techniques

AbstractIntracranial pressure (ICP) measurement plays a vital role in decision making in neurological emergencies. Invasive methods of ICP monitoring have been the gold standard. Advent of various non-invasive techniques has widened the option of ICP measurement in medical cases as well. We illustrate two cases where optic nerve sheath measurements helped in managing raised ICP and time the need for surgical intervention and review the literature on non-invasive ICP measurement.

Diagnostic efficacy and suitability of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection – The future non-invasive gold-standard?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Abdul Rasheed Qureshi ◽  
Zeeshan Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ramzan ◽  
Tehmina Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Chest Sonography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluid Detection

ABSTRACT Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available  and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard.   Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology  OPD-Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore from November 2016 to July 2018. Adult patients with clinical features suggesting pleural effusions were included while those where no suspicion of pleural effusion, patients < 14 years and pregnant ladies were excluded. Patients were subjected to chest x-ray PA and Lateral views and chest ultrasonography was done by a senior qualified radiologist in OPD. Ultrasound-guided pleural aspiration was done in OPD & fluid was sent for analysis. At least 10ml aspirated fluid was considered as diagnostic for pleural effusion. Patient files containing history, physical examination, x-ray reports, ultrasound reports, pleural aspiration notes and informed consent were retrieved, reviewed and findings were recorded in the preformed proforma. Results were tabulated and conclusion was drawn by statistical analysis. Results: Out of 4597 cases, 4498 pleural effusion were manifested on CXR and only 2547(56.62%) pleural effusions were proved by ultrasound while 2050 (45.57%) cases were reported as no Pleural effusion. Chest sonography demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy 100 % each. Conclusions: Trans-thoracic ultrasonography revealed an excellent efficacy that is why it can be considered as non-invasive gold standard for the detection of pleural effusion.

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Bingren Zhang ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing are few. Objective: We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions. Methods: Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques, i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses in different populations. Results: Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable, and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.

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