scholarly journals Factors affecting uptake of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: A mixed-method study of social franchise clients in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257769
Author(s):  
Aurélie Brunie ◽  
Anthony Adindu Nwala ◽  
Kayla Stankevitz ◽  
Megan Lydon ◽  
Kendal Danna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Method Choice ◽  
Social Franchise ◽  
The Government ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Copper Iud

Background Despite the positive characteristics of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD)–a long-acting, highly effective contraceptive with important non-contraceptive attributes–the method has not been widely available in low- and middle-income countries. This study of hormonal IUD, copper IUD, implant and injectable users in Nigeria compares their characteristics, reasons for method choice, and experiences obtaining their method. Methods We conducted a phone survey with 888 women who received a hormonal IUD, copper IUD, contraceptive implant or injectable from 40 social franchise clinics across 18 states in Nigeria. We analyzed survey data descriptively by method and assessed factors associated with hormonal IUD use through multivariate logistic regression models. Follow-up in-depth interviews conducted with 32 women were analyzed thematically. Results There were few differences by method used in the socio-demographic profiles and contraceptive history of participants. Among users choosing a long-acting, reversible method, the top reasons for method choice included perceptions that the method was “right for my body,” long duration, recommended by provider, recommended by friends/family, few or manageable side effects, and high effectiveness. Among hormonal IUD users, 17% mentioned reduced bleeding (inclusive of lighter, shorter, or no period), and 16% mentioned treatment of heavy or painful periods. Qualitative data supported these findings. Among survey respondents, between 25% and 33% said they would have chosen no method if the method they received had not been available. Both quantitative and qualitative data indicated that partner support can affect contraceptive use, with in-depth interviews revealing that women typically needed partner permission to use contraception, but men were less influential in method choice. Conclusions Expanding access to the hormonal IUD as part of a full method mix provides an opportunity to expand contraceptive choice for women in Nigeria. Findings are timely as the government is poised to introduce the method on a wider scale.

Policy Environments of Social Enterprise in Taiwan: a Cross-Sectoral Governance Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-318
Author(s):  
Tzu-Shen Yang ◽  
Min-Hsiu Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Policy Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Enterprise Policy

AbstractIn recent years, social enterprises in Taiwan have experienced a period of growth and are becoming more diversified. At the same time, the government is paying more attention to fostering a policy-friendly environment for their development. Despite growing interest in social enterprises, research on this phenomenon remains limited in Taiwan. Using a cross-sectoral perspective, this study is based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews on social enterprises. There are three main findings, first, the development of Taiwan’s social enterprise policy is deeply affected by different sectors. Second, the roles of the sectors are distinct and there is frequent cross-sectoral cooperation. Third, there is still a gap between the government sector’s and other sectors’ views of the social enterprise policy.

Control and freedom of the Internet

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adnan Bin Pitchan ◽  
Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud ◽  
Shahrul Nazmi Sannusi ◽  
Ali Salman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cyber Crime ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Media Dependency ◽  
Popular Medium ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

The Internet has become a popular medium now because it provides many benefits to users, though at the same time it also carries negative effects, especially to developing countries, such as sedition, pornography, defamation and cyber crime. Therefore, this study focuses on the control and freedom of the Internet system and the challenges faced by the government. The main focus of this paper is to see whether the government face challenges in controlling the content of the Internet. This study uses two theories, namely the theory of media development and media dependency theory as a guideline for the study. Qualitative approach such as in-depth interviews were chosen as research methodology to obtain the qualitative data. The study found that there are several challenges faced by the government in controlling the misuse of Internet, such as Internet domain registration, difficulties in identifying suspects, false registration, development of technology and content monitoring aspects.

scholarly journals Crime reporting practices among traders at Alaba International Market, Lagos

Temida ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-160
Author(s):  
Johnson Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
International Market ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contemporary Study ◽  
Depth Interviews

In the field of contemporary study of victims in most developing countries worldwide, the reporting of personal victimization has received more attention by scholars than business victimization. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the influence of business crimes reporting practices among traders on the development of the Alaba International Market, the traders and national economy. The study was conducted between October 3 and 8, 2015, in Lagos, Nigeria. It collected quantitative data from 245 respondents that were randomly selected from traders at the market. These were complemented by qualitative data collected through In-depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions with purposively selected participants. The data were analyzed. The quantitative data found that 82.1% of the respondents attributed the victimization of small businesses to organized crimes by youth. The qualitative data indicated that the Alaba Market investors will reduce the unemployment rate in Lagos if the government stop frustrating the traders with the tax burden. The study concluded that business crimes prevent economic development. It suggests partnership among stakeholders for the provision of closed-circuit television cameras to prevent business violence and induce economic development at Alaba International Market.

scholarly journals Ghana and Guatemala: Clients and providers need better support and guidance on IUDs

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Depth Interviews

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, effective, and reversible contraceptive method, however in many countries use of the IUD is stagnant or declining in relation to other contraceptive methods. In 2002, the Population Council investigated the reasons for low utilization of IUDs among women in Ghana and Guatemala. The studies examined clients’ and providers’ knowledge and attitudes about IUDs as well as factors within the health system that affect their use and availability. The studies took place at public, private, and nongovernmental health centers and clinics in both rural and urban settings. Researchers collected qualitative data using a combination of focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with providers, and visits from simulated clients enacting profiles of women wishing to space or limit pregnancies. The studies also included a secondary analysis of service statistics from government and private clinics. As concluded in this brief, lack of knowledge among providers and clients, logistical problems, and cumbersome guidelines contributed to low use of the IUD in Ghana and Guatemala. Efforts to improve use should include more comprehensive training for providers, education for clients, and logistical support.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Comparison of Long- and Short-acting Hormonal Method: Users’ Perspectives on Method Selection in Rural Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-346
Author(s):  
Kirsten Austad ◽  
Pooja Shah ◽  
Hannah Shryer ◽  
Peter Rohloff ◽  
Anita Chary
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Method Choice ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Long Acting

Objectives: While short-acting hormonal contraception (SAHC) remains the most popular form of modern contraception in most low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARCs)—specifically implants—is rising globally. A better understanding is needed of the factors influencing users’ method selection and satisfaction. In this qualitative study we compared experiences, preferences, and needs of current LARC and SAHC users. Materials and Methods: We administered a survey and semi-structured qualitative interview focusing on determinants of method choice to 12 current implant users and 12 current SAHC users from a rural Maya community in Guatemala. Results: Dissatisfaction with SAHC side effects was a major driver of method switching for current LARC users. SAHC users endured side effects of their methods to prevent pregnancy. The two groups held different perceptions of risks associated with LARCs. Neither group perceived LARC methods to be intrinsically more effective than SAHCs. Rather, women understood efficacy in terms of personal and individual experience with a method. Both groups valued user autonomy in method initiation, continuation, and termination. Conclusions: We found important similarities and differences between LARC and SAHC users that can help family planning counselors in LMICs understand women’s method preferences. Future research should explore how to counsel women on method efficacy and how to ensure women’s autonomy within resource-poor service delivery environments.

Missing Intrauterine Device Copper-T: Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356
Author(s):  
Shekhar Thapa ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Aruna Karki ◽  
Hema Kumari Pradhan ◽  
Ranjana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Vasovagal Reactions ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Reversible Method ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Copper Iud

An intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a long acting, highly effective, economic and reversible method of contraception used worldwide. The most used devices are copper IUD (Copper-T) or Progesterone IUD. Common complications include failed insertion, pain, vasovagal reactions, infection, menstrual abnormalities, expulsion and rarely uterine embedment and perforation. In this case series we will discuss three cases of missing Copper-T. In one case Copper T was inserted at our hospital and in the other cases it was inserted in the periphery and all the cases was managed surgically with different modality. Keywords:  Copper-T; Intrauterine device; laparoscopy; laparotomy; perforation.

scholarly journals Introducing the hormonal Intrauterine Device in Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia: results from a pilot study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendal Danna ◽  
Grace Jaworski ◽  
Bakoly Rahaivondrafahitra ◽  
Francia Rasoanirina ◽  
Anthony Nwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background The hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a highly effective contraceptive option growing in popularity and availability in many countries. The hormonal IUD has been shown to have high rates of satisfaction and continuation among users in high-income countries. The study aims to understand the profiles of clients who choose the hormonal IUD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and describe their continuation and satisfaction with the method after 12 months of use. Methods A prospective longitudinal study of hormonal IUD acceptors was conducted across three countries—Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia—where the hormonal IUD had been introduced in a pilot setting within the of a broad mix of available methods. Women were interviewed at baseline immediately following their voluntary hormonal IUD insertion, and again 3 and 12 months following provision of the method. A descriptive analysis of user characteristics and satisfaction with the method was conducted on an analytic sample of women who completed baseline, 3-month, and 12-month follow-up questionnaires. Kaplan–Meier time-to-event models were used to estimate the cumulative probability of method continuation rates up to 12 months post-insertion. Results Each country had a unique demographic profile of hormonal IUD users with different method-use histories. Across all three countries, women reported high rates of satisfaction with the hormonal IUD (67–100%) and high rates of continuation at the 12-month mark (82–90%). Conclusions Rates of satisfaction and continuation among hormonal IUD users in the study suggest that expanding method choice with the hormonal IUD would provide a highly effective, long-acting method desirable to many different population segments, including those with high unmet need.

scholarly journals Missing Intrauterine Device Copper-T: Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356
Author(s):  
Shekhar Thapa ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Aruna Karki ◽  
Hema Kumari Pradhan ◽  
Ranjana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Vasovagal Reactions ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Reversible Method ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Copper Iud

An intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a long acting, highly effective, economic and reversible method of contraception used worldwide. The most used devices are copper IUD (Copper-T) or Progesterone IUD. Common complications include failed insertion, pain, vasovagal reactions, infection, menstrual abnormalities, expulsion and rarely uterine embedment and perforation. In this case series we will discuss three cases of missing Copper-T. In one case Copper T was inserted at our hospital and in the other cases it was inserted in the periphery and all the cases was managed surgically with different modality.Keywords: Copper-T; Intrauterine device; laparoscopy; laparotomy; perforation.

An Exploratory Study of Retirees and Retirement Benefits in Ado Ekiti, South West Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Babatunde Joshua Omotosho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
South West ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Several attempts have been made over time in regards to the issue of pensions and retirement benefits in Nigeria; hence the pension reform of 2004. However, pensioners still undergo stress in the collection of their entitlements. One unique feature is that respondents have continued to survive in spite of their plights in the hands of their former employers (usually the government). This study explored means of survival of the pensioners and how it has ameliorated their sufferings in Ado Ekiti south west Nigeria. The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods in gathering the data. For quantitative data, a total of 200 copies of questionnaires were distributed among the pensioners using systematic sampling procedures. For qualitative data, in-depth interviews were conducted for twenty respondents as a complement to the qualitative data. Findings showed that a majority of the respondents were aged between 71-80 years. Equally, a majority of the respondents’ employers did not make any tangible pre-retirement plans for them. Respondents depended on spouses, children and borrowing as a means of survival. Respondents may still continue to encounter difficulties in their bid to survive after retirement. A proper pre-retirement and post-retirement plan needs to be put in place by employers in order to prepare them for retirement and also monitor their progress after retirement.

scholarly journals Relations of Participation in the UMKM Empowerment Program with Participants Welfare

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aldina Hapsari ◽  
Rilus A Kinseng
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Welfare Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Empowerment Program

ABSTRACT Empowerment is one of way to increase community’s roles in build community welfare. The success of an empowerment processes cannot be released from the fact that participation of the residents, either as the unity of the system and as an individual that is part a very integrated, and it was very important in the process of dynamic of development.One of the programs the empowerment undertaken by the government at this time is empowerment micro and small entrepreneus who below Pusat Layanan Usaha Terpadu (PLUT).The purpose of this paper is to identify relations umkm participation in the program empowerment an welfare participants. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods are supported by qualitative data in the form of in-depth interviews, observation, as well as the analysis of references such as theses, scientific journals, textbooks, articles, monograph, as well as reports on other research results.The result of this research is there is no relationship between the level of participation with community’s welafare.Keywords: welfare, participation, empowerment, UMKM-------------------------------------------------------ABSTRAKPemberdayaan merupakan salah satu cara meningkatkan peran masyarakat dalam memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Keberhasilan suatu proses pemberdayaan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari adanya partisipasi anggota masyarakatnya, baik sebagai kesatuan sistem maupun sebagai individu yang merupakan bagian yang sangat terintegrasi, dan sangat penting dalam proses dinamika pembangunan. Salah satu program pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah saat ini adalah pemberdayaan UMKM yang berada dibawah Pusat Layanan Usaha Terpadu (PLUT). Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan partisipasi UMKM dalam program pemberdayaan dan tingkat kesejahteraan peserta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey didukung dengan data kualitatif berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta analisis bahan pustaka seperti skripsi, jurnal ilmiah, buku teks, artikel, monograph, serta laporan hasil penelitian lainnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi dalam program pemberdayaan UMKM dengan tingkat kesejahteraan peserta.Kata Kunci: kesejahteraan, partisipasi, pemberdayaan, UMKM

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