The impact of government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on GDP growth: Does strategy matter?

We analyze whether and to what extent strategies employed by governments to fight the COVID-19 pandemic made a difference for GDP growth developments in 2020. Based on the strength and speed with which governments imposed non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) when confronted with waves of infections we distinguish between countries pursuing an elimination strategy and countries following a suppression / mitigation strategy. For a sample of 44 countries fixed effect panel regression results show that NPI changes conducted by elimination strategy countries had a less severe effect on GDP growth than NPI changes in suppression / mitigation strategy countries: strategy matters. However, this result is sensitive to the countries identified as “elimination countries” and to the sample composition. Moreover, we find that exogenous country characteristics drive the choice of strategy. At the same time our results show that countries successfully applying the elimination strategy achieved better health outcomes than their peers without having to accept lower growth.

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Lockdown fatigue: The diminishing effects of quarantines on the spread of COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-621368/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patricio Goldstein ◽

Eduardo Levy Yeyati ◽

Luca Sartorio

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Key Policy ◽

Fading Effect ◽

The Impact ◽

Actual Mobility ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽

Over Time

Abstract Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) have been for most countries the key policy instrument utilized to contain the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of these policies on the virus’ transmission and death toll, for a panel of 152 countries, from the start of the pandemic through December 31, 2020. We find that lockdowns tend to significantly reduce the spread of the virus and the number of related deaths. We also show that this benign impact declines over time: after four months of strict lockdown, NPIs have a significantly weaker contribution in terms of their effect in reducing COVID-19 related fatalities. Part of the fading effect of quarantines could be attributed to an increasing non-compliance with mobility restrictions, as reflected in our estimates of a declining effect of lockdowns on measures of actual mobility. However, we additionally find that a reduction in de facto mobility also exhibits a diminishing effect on health outcomes, which suggests that lockdown fatigues may have introduce broader hurdles to containment policies.

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PENGARUH RISIKO KREDIT, MINIMALISASI RISIKO, PERTUMBUHAN PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO, DAN INFLASI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN BUNGA BERSIH PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2016

Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis ◽

10.12928/fokus.v7i1.1705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Devi Widyawati ◽

Desta Rizky Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Risk Aversion ◽

Credit Risk ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Panel Regression ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽

The Impact

The aim of this research is to examine empirically the impact of credit risk, risk aversion, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and inflation to Net Interest Margin on banking companies enlisted in BEI year 2013-2016. The factors that influenced NIM is credit risk which is proxied with NPL (Non Performing Loan) ratio, risk aversion which is proxied with CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), GDP growth and inflation. The period used is from 2013-2016.This research is causal research, that is to find recausality of independent and dependent variable. The population is 42 banking companies. The sampling method used is purposive sampling method. Based on the criteria, there are 41 banking companies. The hypothesis trial is done by the analysis of data panel regression an before do it, the research did a classic assumption trial. The result of hypothesis trial is done partially is t-test showed that NPL has t-statistic score is 1,4136 and t-tabel score is 1,290 on alpha 10% , so NPL has positive impact to NIM. CAR has t-statistic score is -0,2698 and t-tabel score is 1,290 on alpha 10%, so CAR doesn’t have impact to NIM. GDP growth has t-statistic score is 2,9349 and t-tabel score has 1,290 on alpha 10%, so GDP growth has positive impact to NIM. Inflation has t-statistic -0,5184 and t-tabel score is 1,290 on alpha 10%, so inflation doesn’t have impact to NIM.

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Peru will struggle to maintain growth levels in 2017

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db218088 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Public Spending ◽

Public Works ◽

Target Range ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Content Type ◽

Growth Prospects ◽

The Impact

Subject Declining growth prospects. Significance The impact of widespread flooding, coupled with the effects of the Odebrecht scandal on public works contracts, has made private analysts reduce their forecasts for GDP growth this year. Although up on 2015, last year’s growth rate, buoyed by higher mining exports, was already lower than initially anticipated. Impacts Lower growth will make it more difficult to tackle poverty and raise employment levels. Inflation this year should be within the government’s 1-3% target range. Increased public spending will be used to maintain growth levels.

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Intersectoral Health Human Resource Policy: The Impact on Population Health Outcomes

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e509012013-095 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Jane Underwood ◽

Andrea Baumann ◽

Jennifer Blythe

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Population Health ◽

Human Resource ◽

Health Human Resource ◽

Human Resource Policy ◽

Resource Policy ◽

The Impact

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Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

Finance and Credit ◽

10.24891/fc.26.5.964 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 964-990

Author(s):

N.I. Kulikov ◽

V.L. Parkhomenko ◽

Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Household Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

The State ◽

Financial Policy ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Gdp Growth Rate ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

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The Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Children‘s Behaviors and Language

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 796-806

Author(s):

Sana M Kamal ◽

Ali Al-Samydai ◽

Rudaina Othman Yousif ◽

Talal Aburjai

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Child Psychology ◽

Simple Random Sample ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

The World ◽

Female Children ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world, which considered a relative of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), with possibility of transmission from animals to human and effect each of health and economic. Several preventative strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions have been used to slow down the spread of COVID-19. The questionnaire contained 36 questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on children`s behaviors and language have been distributed online (Google form). Data collected after asking parents about their children behavior during quarantine, among the survey completers (n=469), 42.3% were female children, and 57.7 were male children. Results showed that quarantine has an impact on children`s behaviors and language, where stress and isolationism has a higher effect, while social relations had no impact. The majority of the respondents (75.0%) had confidence that community pharmacies can play an important role in helping families in protection their children`s behaviors and language as they made the highest contact with pharmacists during quarantine. One of the main recommendations that could be applied to help parents protection and improvement their children`s behaviors and language in quarantine condition base on simple random sample opinion is increasing the role of community pharmacies inpatient counseling and especially towards children after giving courses to pharmacists in child psychology and behavior. This could be helpful to family to protect their children, from any changing in them behaviors and language in such conditions in the future if the world reface such the same problem.

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The Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Unemployment During a Pandemic

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3581254 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward Kong ◽

Daniel Prinz

Keyword(s):

The Impact ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

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The Impact of Social Mobilization on Health Service Delivery and Health Outcomes

10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xavier Giné ◽

Salma Khalid ◽

Mansuri Ghazala

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Service Delivery ◽

Health Providers ◽

Child Health Outcomes ◽

Rural Pakistan ◽

Post Natal Care ◽

The Impact

This chapter uses a randomized community development programme in rural Pakistan to assess the impact of citizen engagement on public service delivery and maternal and child health outcomes. The programme had a strong emphasis on organizing women, who also identified health services as a development priority at baseline. At midline, we find that the mobilization effort alone had a significant impact on the performance of village-based health providers. We detect economically large improvements in pregnancy and well-baby visits by female health workers, as well as increased utilization of pre- and post-natal care by pregnant women. In contrast, the quality of supra-village health services did not improve, underscoring the importance of community enforcement and monitoring capacity for improving service delivery.

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