Assessment of liver function test and associated factors among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending university of gondar leishmaniasis research and treatment center, Northwest Ethiopia

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the major public health burden, mainly distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among the Sub-Saharan African countries, Ethiopia is the second most affected country with VL. An Alteration of liver function is a typical manifestation of the disease. Objective The purpose of conducting this study was to assess liver function tests and associated risk factors among VL patients at Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Method Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 102 study participants were involved in this study. Newly diagnosed VL patients who were attended at Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 21st February 2020 to 30th September 2020 were included under case group category. On the other hand, age-sex matched apparently healthy study subjects were categorized as control group. Written consent was obtained willingness of patients to participate after ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of School of Medicine, University of Gondar. After overnight fasting, 5ml venous blood was drawn from both VL patients and controls to evaluate liver function tests, including AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein. Thus, senior health professionals (laboratory technologist) investigate the results using Cobas Integra 400 Plus clinical chemistry analyzer. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis of liver function tests and associated risk factors. Result The result of this study showed that significant mean difference was exhibited in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, serum albumin, and total protein level among VL patients and controls. It showed that there was a statistically significant elevation in the level of AST, ALT, and total bilirubin among cases as compared to control. The serum AST level was significantly (p<0.001) elevated among cases as compared to controls. Serum ALT was significantly (p<0.001) elevated among cases compared to controls. Additionally, the total serum bilirubin level was significantly increased (P<0.001) among cases as compared to controls. There was a statistically significant (P<0.001) reduction of serum albumin level among VL patients as compared to controls. Similarly, serum total protein was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in VL patients than control groups. Conclusion There were significantly higher mean levels of serum AST, ALT, and total bilirubin among VL patients as compared to controls. On the other hand, VL patients showed significantly lowered level of albumin and total protein as compared to controls.

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Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction following Nafcillin Administration

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809202600724 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (7-8) ◽

pp. 985-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mitchell R. Lestico ◽

Karen E. Vick ◽

Cyril M. Hetsko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adverse Event ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Liver Function ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Renal Toxicity ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Hepatic Function ◽

Data Sources ◽

Data Synthesis

OBJECTIVE: To review four cases of combined hepatic and renal toxicity that may be associated with the administration of nafcillin in adults. This type of adverse event with the use of nafcillin has not been previously documented in the literature. DATA SOURCES: References from pertinent articles are identified throughout the text. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nafcillin is a widely used penicillinase-resistant penicillin. In four patients receiving nafcillin doses greater than 9 g/24 hours, changes in renal and hepatic function markers were noted within 72 hours of the initiation of nafcillin therapy. Laboratory values returned toward baseline when nafcillin therapy was discontinued. Elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase have been previously described in the literature for penicillin-like agents other than nafcillin. The exact mechanism for such toxicities as well as patient risk factors have not been clearly established. CONCLUSIONS: Caution should be taken when initiating nafcillin therapy. Evaluation of renal and liver function tests prior to initiating nafcillin therapy and within the first 72 hours appears warranted. If hepatic and/or renal toxicity is observed, discontinuation of nafcillin should be considered.

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Methimazole induced hepatotoxicity: A rare adverse reaction

Case Reports in Internal Medicine ◽

10.5430/crim.v6n3p1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Kevin C. Kohm ◽

Lauren Pioppo ◽

Jack Xu ◽

Preston Keiffer ◽

Eric Pagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Liver Function ◽

Side Effect ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Side Effect Profile ◽

Function Tests ◽

Painless Jaundice ◽

Graves Orbitopathy

Methimazole (MMI) is a commonly used medication in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. The side effect profile is extensive and includes the rare but serious side effect of drug associated liver injury. We report the case of a 51-year-old female who presented with painless jaundice several weeks after initiating MMI therapy for treatment of hyperthyroidism complicated by Graves’ orbitopathy. Liver function tests on presentation showed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1366 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 853 IU/L, total bilirubin 26.2 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 954 IU/L. Workup of structural, infectious, and autoimmune causes of hepatic injury was negative. The patient was therefore found to have MMI associated liver injury. MMI was discontinued and the patient was started on ursodiol, resulting in resolution of her jaundice and improvement of her liver function tests.

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An attempt to establish mathematical models of the equilibrium existing among serum protein fractions (albumin(alb) .GAMMA.-globulin(.GAMMA.-glb)) and total protein(T.P.), and their relationship with liver function tests.

Journal of Nippon Medical School ◽

10.1272/jnms1923.54.528 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 528-539

Author(s):

Shigeru Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Serum Protein ◽

Total Protein ◽

Gamma Globulin ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Function Tests

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Abnormal Liver Function Tests of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld-2513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shengliang Xin ◽

Jinghang Xu ◽

Yanyan Yu

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Literature Search ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mainland China ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Abnormal Liver Function ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Function Tests

Aims: Comparing the risk of abnormal liver function tests between severe and non-severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models. Publication bias was detected by the Harbord test. Results: We included 8 articles comprising 7,467 COVID-19 patients. When compared between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, the pooled ORs of elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were 2.35 (95% CI 1.38-3.98), 3.21 (95% CI 2.59-3.98), 1.87 (95% CI 1.32-2.65), and 4.83 (95% CI 2.90-8.05), respectively. Conclusions: The severity of COVID-19 is associated with liver damage, and can be a risk factor for abnormal liver function tests.

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COMPARISON OF LIVER FUNCTION TESTS OF NORMALAND PRE-ECLAMPTIC PREGNANT FEMALES: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/5203593 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-9

Author(s):

Shayista Gull

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Liver Function Test ◽

Total Protein ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Serum Total Protein ◽

Function Tests ◽

Function Test

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder of unknown etiology involving almost every organ of body including kidney, liver, brain, heart, stomach and adrenals. In liver periportal hemorrhagic necrosis, ischemic lesions and fibrin deposition occurs due to thrombosis of arterioles. Objective: To compare the liver function tests in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia Methodology: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SKIMS, Soura, Kashmir for 18 months. Participants were divided into two groups: Cases: Comprised of 200 patients with toxemia of pregnancy, Controls: comprised of 500 normal, healthy normotensive pregnant women. This group was studied to get the normal values of liver enzymes and served as controls. A complete blood count, microscopic examination of urine, liver function test, kidney function test , 24 hour urinary protein estimation was done on all participants. Results: Among the cases, 49(24.5%) patients while 76 (15.2%) controls had deranged serum bilirubin. Ninety-nine(49.5%) cases had deranged ALT while 16(3.2%) controls had so. Among the cases, 103(51.5%) had deranged AST level while it was deranged in 64(12.8%) controls. ALP and serum total protein followed similar pattern (more deranged in cases than controls). Conclusion: Liver function test impairment occurs in preeclampsia which is characterized by rise in mean level of serum transaminase levels and serum bilirubin level and fall in serum total protein and albumin level.

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Biochemical liver function tests parameters do not indicate any difference in the degree of hepatotoxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with conventional anticancer drugs regardless the use of bevacizumab

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp150807221d ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 757-762

Author(s):

Kristina Denic ◽

Dino Tarabar ◽

Slobodan Obradovic ◽

Nemanja Stanic ◽

Jelena Spasic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

The Other ◽

Function Tests ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Function Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background/Aim. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one the most frequent malignant disease with early liver metastasis. It requires the timely use of anticancer drugs. Current treatment of metastatic CRC consists of conventional anticancer drugs use, but they cause liver damage which is manifested by disorder in biochemical liver function parameters. The addition of one of monoclonal antibodies, e.g. bevacizumab improves their therapeutic effect, but its influence on caused biochemical disturbances is not completely known. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare the level of liver function test parameters in patients treated with conventional anticancer drugs with parameters in patients additionally treated with bevacizumab. Methods. The study was performed on the two groups of adult patients with liver metastatic CRC assigned according to the treatment protocol. One group of the patients (n = 44) was treated with FOLFOX4 (the group 1), and the other one (n = 52) with bevacizumab added to FOLFOX4 treatment protocol (the group 2). Depending on the response of patients, the duration of treatment varied from 2 to 6 months. Standard liver function tests were performed before and after the completion of the treatment. Results. Initial values of some biochemical function test parameters [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the group 1 of patients, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both groups] were increased in relation to the normal reference values, with some intergroup differences (p = 0.001). Biochemical disturbances of liver function tests in the group of patients treated with conventional anticancer drugs were due to not only their metastases but also due to the hepatotoxic effect of drugs used. After the treatment, significant differences in biochemical liver tests parameters were found in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALP), GGT and LDH, being lower in the group 2 (patients additionally treated by bevacizumab) (p values were: 0.002 for AST; 0.001 for ALP and GGT; 0.000 for LDH). The levels of the other studied parameters, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) bilirubin, and proteins did not differ significantly between groups both pre- or post-treatment. Conclusion. Both, metastatic CRC and treatment with the conventional anticancer drugs induce significant disturbances of several liver function parameters. The addition of bevacizumab to the conventional anticancer drugs did not affect these disturbances.

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Evaluation of Risk Factors for Development of Anti-Tubercular Therapy Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Prospective Study

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886315666200626164554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

Malladi V.S. Subbalaxmi ◽

Radhika Soanker ◽

Arivittur V. Lakshmi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Function ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Female Gender ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Study Patient ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Function Tests

Background: Incidence of Antitubercular Therapy (ATT)-induced hepatotoxicity is higher in India when compared to Western countries. As the occurrence of ATT-induced hepatotoxicity is unpredictable, serial intensive monitoring of hepatic function is now being recommended by the American Thoracic Society in individuals at high risk. This study was done to evaluate the risk factors for the development of ATT induced hepatotoxicity in India. Methodology: In this prospective, observational study, patient characteristics of microbiologically/ radiologically/ histopathologically confirmed tuberculosis were prospectively compiled. Serial liver function tests were done once a month in all patients. Patients who developed ATT-induced hepatotoxicity were considered as the study group and those who did not develop the event as a control group. The primary outcome measure was to estimate the hazard ratios associated with risk factors for the development of ATT induced hepatotoxicity. Cox Regression Analysis was done using SPSS 20. Results: : A total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study, of them, 14% developed ATT-induced hepatotoxicity and 86% did not develop the event. The baseline liver function tests in the study group and control group were within normal limits. Female gender, alcoholism, HIV co-infection and age >35 yrs were identified to have a higher risk for development of ATT-induced hepatotoxicity, while cases with pulmonary tuberculosis were found to be at lower risk of developing event. Conclusion: Intensive liver function monitoring needs to be done in patients with these risk factors, female gender, alcoholism, HIV co-infection, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and age >35 yrs.

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Hepatitis D virus infection among intravenous drug abusers in Taiwan: Analysis of risk factors and liver function tests

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.1890310203 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hsu-Mei Hsu ◽

Yue-Fen Wang ◽

Shu-Hui Lo ◽

Hui-Chih Sun ◽

Kwok-Kee Yip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Liver Function ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Drug Abusers ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Hepatitis D Virus ◽

Function Tests ◽

Intravenous Drug Abusers

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A young man with bleeding esophageal varices

Thai Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss1_65 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14-16

Author(s):

Soonthorn Chonprasertsuk

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Portal Hypertension ◽

Liver Function ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Esophageal Varices ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension ◽

Liver Histopathology ◽

Function Tests ◽

Bleeding Esophageal Varices

The noncirrhotic portal hypertension is an uncommon cause of bleeding esophageal varices. This condition must be suspected in patients with preserved liver function. We report a 25-year old man with SLE disease who presented with hematemesis. He had no history or risk factors for an underlying liver condition. A huge splenomegaly was detected by physical examination. The EGD found three large varices with red wale sign, whereas liver function tests were unremarkable. The noncirrhotic portal hypertension was diagnosed and confirmed by liver histopathology.

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