scholarly journals Respiratory symptoms and respiratory deaths: A multi-cohort study with 45 years observation time

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260416
Author(s):  
Knut Stavem ◽  
Ane Johannessen ◽  
Rune Nielsen ◽  
Amund Gulsvik
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Respiratory Causes

This study determined the association between respiratory symptoms and death from respiratory causes over a period of 45 years. In four cohorts of random samples of Norwegian populations with 103,881 participants, 43,731 persons had died per 31 December 2016. In total, 5,949 (14%) had died from respiratory diseases; 2,442 (41%) from lung cancer, 1,717 (29%) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 1,348 (23%) pneumonia, 119 (2%) asthma, 147 (2%) interstitial lung disease and 176 (3%) other pulmonary diseases. Compared with persons without respiratory symptoms the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for lung cancer deaths increased with score of breathlessness on effort and cough and phlegm, being 2.6 (95% CI 2.1–3.2) for breathlessness score 3 and 2.1 (95% CI 1.7–2.5) for cough and phlegm score 5. The HR of COPD death was 6.4 (95% CI 5.4–7.7) for breathlessness score 3 and 3.0 (2.4–3.6) for cough and phlegm score 5. Attacks of breathlessness and wheeze score 2 had a HR of 1.6 (1.4–1.9) for COPD death. The risk of pneumonia deaths increased also with higher breathlessness on effort score, but not with higher cough and phlegm score, except for score 2 with HR 1.5 (1.2–1.8). In this study with >2.4 million person-years at risk, a positive association was observed between scores of respiratory symptoms and deaths due to COPD and lung cancer. Respiratory symptoms are thus important risk factors, which should be followed thoroughly by health care practitioners for the benefit of public health.

scholarly journals Hospitalization Trends in Adult Patients with COPD and Other Respiratory Diseases in Northeast China from 2005 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Honglei Liu ◽  
Ni Wang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wenyan Liu ◽  
Shiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
The Mean

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, and lung cancer are four common respiratory diseases that impose a substantial economic burden on both patients and government in China. The objective of our study is to analyze the temporal trends of several clinical tracking metrics for hospitalization regarding these diseases. Hospital discharge data of 54 hospitals for the period 2005–2015 were derived from the Health and Family Planning Commission in Northeast China. The age-adjusted rate of discharge for the four respiratory diseases increased significantly (COPD, pneumonia, asthma: P trend <  .001; lung cancer: P trend =  .046). The mean LOS for the four diseases all showed a significant decline (P trend <  .001), whereas the mean charge per stay and aggregate charge followed an upward trend over time (P trend <  .001). There was a clear upward trend for the readmission rate for asthma patients (P trend =  .001), while the trend for COPD patients was unclear (P trend =  .224). Age-adjusted discharge rates, LOS, and charges for hospitalization regarding several common respiratory diseases in China showed different patterns of change over the past decade. Our results should aid government and administrators in making informed decisions about the management and treatment of respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Role of exosomes in pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases (review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
S. S. Tseluyko ◽  
V. O. Derevyannaya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The article presents modern data on exosomes - microscopic extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-180 nanometers, released into the intercellular space by cells of the respiratory organs. The cells of the body’s respiratory system secrete exosomes into the intercellular space in a normal state, as well as during the development of the disease. The concentration of exosomes depends on the type of cell and includes mRNA, miRNAs, DNA and signaling proteins. Some exosomal proteins, such as CD63, CD81, CD9, CD24 and heat shock protein (Hsp70) are universal and they are usually used as exosomal markers. In respiratory diseases, in particular in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IL-1P and miRNAs such as miR-15b, miR-223, miR-1274a, miR-424, mir-210 are significantly increased; miR-21 is the most common miRNA isolated from lung tissue, increased expression of this RNA is associated with symptoms of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Exosome analysis makes it possible to distinguish between pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis based on exosomal markers such as MPT64. Circulating exosomes are stable in biological fluids; therefore, analysis of exosomal microRNAs may indicate the state of the human respiratory system. This review opens up the possibility of using new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for various diseases of the respiratory system.

Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Silvestri ◽  
Calvin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Respiratory complaints are among the most common symptoms encountered by emergency physicians (EPs). Collectively, acute and chronic respiratory diseases account for 11.1% of all mortality and 8.8% of all disability-adjusted life-years lost worldwide. Acute respiratory infections are the single greatest contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Chronic respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and occupational lung disease, affect an estimated 1 billion people. Many of these chronic conditions present as acute and life-threatening exacerbations in emergency care settings. Respiratory complaints are not specific to pulmonary pathology. Indeed, cardiovascular, neurologic, musculoskeletal, and even gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases can all manifest principally with respiratory symptoms. Moreover, primary conditions of the lung need not present with respiratory symptoms and may instead be heralded only by nonspecific symptomatology, including weakness or confusion. The EP’s approach must be systematic, rooted in a firm grasp of relevant respiratory pathophysiology, with a rapid and yet comprehensive approach to stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes of respiratory diseases in the emergency department. Figures show an illustration of the respiratory system and the relation of oxygen saturation, partial pressure, and minute ventilation. The table lists clinical indications for microbiological testing in suspected community-acquired pneumonia.  Key words: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dyspnea, expiratory wheeze, respiratory symptoms This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 98 references.

scholarly journals Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated With Occupational Exposure in Dairy Farmers - Importance of Job Exposure Matrices

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 2350-2359
Author(s):  
Saso Stoleski ◽  
Jordan Minov ◽  
Jovanka Karadzinska-Bislimovska ◽  
Dragan Mijakoski ◽  
Aneta Atanasovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Lung Function Impairment

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, lung function impairment, and chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in dairy farmers. Our objective is to then examine their relation to exposure duration and to explore the usefulness of job exposure matrices as tools for exposure assessment, and predictors for respiratory health impairment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed, including 83 dairy farmers (mean age: 52.6 ± 8.7 years; mean exposure duration: 23.7 ± 7.6 years) and 80 office workers as a control group (mean age: 52.7 ± 8.2 years) matched for age, smoking habits, and socioeconomic status. Methods of evaluating examined subjects included a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms in the last 12 months, spirometry and histamine challenge, as well as the use of job exposure matrices (JEM). RESULTS: Dairy farmers had a significantly higher prevalence of cough (38.5), phlegm (27.7%), and wheezing (21.7%), than controls (p < 0.05). All mean baseline spirometric parameters were lower in dairy farmers compared to the controls, but statistical significance was confirmed only for MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75% (p = 0.010, p = 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively). The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in dairy farmers but without statistical significance. JEM were useful tools for exposure assessment and predictors of factors for asthma and COPD development. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that occupational exposure among crop farmers is associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, lung function impairment, and a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases. JEM showed good potential for farming exposure evaluation and promoted their applicability within the diagnostic algorithm focused on respiratory health assessment.

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Tool: A Promising Tool for Therapeutic Applications on Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Promising Tool

Respiratory diseases are one of the prime topics of concern in the current era due to improper diagnostics tools. Gene-editing therapy, like Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats- associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), is gaining popularity in pulmonary research, opening up doors to invaluable insights on underlying mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 can be considered as a potential gene-editing tool with a scientific community that is helping in the advancement of knowledge in respiratory health and therapy. As an appealing therapeutic tool, we hereby explore the advanced research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in chronic respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We also address the urgent need to establish this gene-editing tool in various other lung diseases such as asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present review introduces CRISPR/Cas9 as a worthy application in targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrinolytic system via editing specific genes. Thereby, based on the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it can be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in respiratory health research.

Hazards for Construction Workers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin H. West ◽  
Laura S. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the hazards for construction workers, with a particular focus on injuries as well as exposures to hazardous chemicals and dusts. A section describes hazardous exposures to lead and other heavy metals. Another section describes noise exposure. The impact of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers is then discussed. A section on respiratory diseases focuses on asbestosis, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Exposures known to cause dermatitis and cancer are reviewed. There is a discussion of engineered nanomaterials as a potential emerging hazard. Various approaches to prevention and control, including regulations and health services, are described.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Klára Szalontai ◽  
Nikolett Gémes ◽  
József Furák ◽  
Tünde Varga ◽  
Patrícia Á. Neuperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document