scholarly journals Relationships of sex hormones with muscle mass and muscle strength in male adolescents at different stages of puberty

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260521
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Zhigang Wen ◽  
Kaili Deng ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Pubertal Boys

This study analysed the associations of sex steroids with fat-free mass (FFM) and handgrip strength in 641 Chinese boys. Serum total testosterone (TT) and oestradiol were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Free testosterone (FT) and oestradiol were calculated. FFM and handgrip strength were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and a hand dynamometer, respectively. Generalised additive models and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relationships. A subgroup analysis was conducted in early-mid pubertal and late-post pubertal groups. Age, height, weight, physical activity, intake of dietary protein and/or stage of puberty were adjusted. TT and FT were positively related to FFM and handgrip strength, with a curvilinear relationship being detected for handgrip strength (p<0.050). This curvilinear relationship was only observed in the late-post pubertal group, suggesting a potential threshold effect (FT>11.99ng/dL, β = 1.275, p = 0.039). In the early-mid pubertal group, TT and/or FT were linearly or near-linearly related to FFM or handgrip strength (β = 0.003–0.271, p<0.050). The association between FT and FFM was stronger than that in the late-post pubertal group. This study found that serum T had different associations with muscle parameters in Chinese early-mid pubertal and late-post pubertal boys. In the late-post pubertal boys, serum T was curvilinearly related to muscle strength with a threshold effect and its link with muscle mass was weaker.

scholarly journals Testosterone Dose-Dependently Increases Maximal Voluntary Strength and Leg Power, but Does Not Affect Fatigability or Specific Tension

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1478-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Storer ◽  
Lynne Magliano ◽  
Linda Woodhouse ◽  
Martin L. Lee ◽  
Connie Dzekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Specific Tension ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Voluntary Strength

Testosterone supplementation in men increases fat-free mass, but whether measures of muscle performance, such as maximal voluntary strength, power, fatigability, or specific tension, are improved has not been determined. Furthermore, the extent to which these measures of muscle performance are related to testosterone dose or circulating concentration is unknown. To examine the relationship between testosterone dose and muscle performance, 61 healthy, eugonadal young men (aged 18–35 yr) were randomized to 1 of 5 groups, each receiving a long-acting GnRH agonist to suppress endogenous testosterone production plus weekly injections of 25, 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg testosterone enanthate for 20 wk. These doses produced mean nadir testosterone concentrations of 253, 306, 542, 1345, and 2370 ng/dl, respectively. Maximal voluntary muscle strength and fatigability were determined by a seated leg press exercise. Leg power was measured using a validated leg power instrument. Specific tension was estimated by the ratio of one repetition maximum muscle strength to thigh muscle volume determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Testosterone administration was associated with a dose-dependent increase in leg press strength and leg power, but muscle fatigability did not change significantly during treatment. Changes in leg press strength were significantly correlated with total (r = 0.46; P = 0.0005) and free (r = 0.38; P = 0.006) testosterone as was leg power (total testosterone: r = 0.38; P = 0.007; free testosterone: r = 0.35; P = 0.015), but not muscle fatigability. Serum IGF-I concentrations were not significantly correlated with leg strength, power, or fatigability. Specific tension did not change significantly at any dose. We conclude that the effects of testosterone on muscle performance are specific; it increases maximal voluntary strength and leg power, but does not affect fatigability or specific tension. The changes in leg strength and power are dependent on testosterone dose and circulating testosterone concentrations and exhibit a log-linear relationship with serum total and free testosterone. Failure to observe a significant testosterone dose relationship with fatigability suggests that testosterone does not affect this component of muscle performance and that different components of muscle performance are regulated by different mechanisms.

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN THE PREDICTION OF LOW MUSCLE MASS IN HOSPITALIZED OLDER PATIENTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
V. Zanandrea ◽  
A.P. Rossi ◽  
M. Bertocchi ◽  
M. Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Acute Care Unit

To the Editor: In the article entitled “Potential prognosticvalue of handgrip strength in older hospitalized patients”published in the first issue of The Journal of Frailty & Aging(1), Savino and colleagues presented the handgrip strength as apredictor of hospitalization length of stay in older patientsadmitted to an acute care unit. Authors reported an inverseassociation between muscle strength at the admission andsubsequent duration of the hospital stay, even after adjustmentfor potential confounders.

Association between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Physical Performance in Elderly in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Titin Kristiana ◽  
Novira Widajanti ◽  
Rwahita Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground: Sarcopenia is a decrease in muscle mass and strength that mostly happens in the elderly. Sarcopenia is a problem that is often found in the elderly who are at risk of disability, hospitalization and death. This data on muscle mass and strength with physical performance is expected to support the theory of sarcopenia and as a reference in promoting and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.Aims: To analyze the association between muscle mass and strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in an elderly community.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 203 sample of elderly (age >60 years old). The subjects were categorized as the strong and weak muscle mass and muscle strength, also the high, moderate and low physical performance. We used Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) and hand dynamometer to measure muscle mass and muscle strength (handgrip strength). SPPB was used to assess physical performance.The association between muscle mass and strength with physical performance was displayed in bivariate analysis with chi square.Result: Of all 203 subjects, 57 were males and 146 were females. Chi square test showed association between muscle strength (handgrip strength) with physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.001), with a weak correlation (r=0.26) and no association between muscle mass and physical performance (SPPB) (p=0.517).Conclusion: There is a positive association between muscle strength with physical performance, with a weak correlation and no association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly community in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of sarcopenia in primary health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Increased Risk

With aging, there is a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which leads to an increased risk of falls, fractures, long-term institutional care, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and even mortality. Sarcopenia has been defined as a condition characterized by low muscle mass together with low muscle strength and/or low muscle performance. In 2019, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) published a consensus paper on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The AWGS 2019 guideline, in particular, presented strategies for case-finding and assessment, which could aid in the diagnosis of possible sarcopenia in primary care settings. AWGS 2019 proposed an algorithm that recommends calf circumference measurement (cut-off <34 cm in men, <33 cm in women) or the SARC-F (strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, falls) questionnaire (cut-off ≥4), followed by handgrip strength measurement (cut-off <28 kg in men, <18 kg in women) or the 5-time chair stand test (≥12 seconds). Finally, “possible sarcopenia” is defined by either low muscle strength (handgrip strength) or low physical performance (5-time chair stand test). This paper will address the way in which sarcopenic patients can be identified and assessed practically in primary care settings.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Types of 9-Month Adapted Physical Activity Program on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Balance in Moderate Sarcopenic Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piastra ◽  
L. Perasso ◽  
S. Lucarini ◽  
F. Monacelli ◽  
A. Bisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Adapted Physical Activity ◽  
European Working ◽  
Postural Training

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of 9-month adapted physical activity (APA) program, based on a muscle reinforcement training and a postural training, respectively, on muscle mass, muscle strength, and static balance in moderate sarcopenic older women. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was done in accordance with measurable variables and cut-off points suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the muscle reinforcement training group (RESISTANCE) (n=35; 69.9 ± 2.7 years) and the postural training group (POSTURAL) (n=37; 70.0±2.8 years). Body composition, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated for sarcopenia assessment, whereas Sway Path, Sway Area, Stay Time, and Spatial Distance were evaluated for static balance assessment. Sixty-six participants completed the study (RESISTANCE group: n=33; POSTURAL group: n=33). Significant increases of muscle mass, SMI, and handgrip strength values were found in the RESISTANCE group, after muscle reinforcement program. No significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group, after postural training. Furthermore, RESISTANCE group showed significant improvements in static balance parameters, whereas no significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group. On the whole, the results of this study suggest that the APA program based on muscle reinforcement applied on moderate sarcopenic older women was able to significantly improve muscle mass and muscle strength, and it was also more effective than the applied postural protocol in determining positive effects on static balance.

LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MUSCLE MASS AND FUNCTION IN OLDER MEN AT INCREASED RISK FOR SARCOPENIA – THE FrOST-STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
W. Kemmler ◽  
S. von Stengel ◽  
D. Schoene
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
And Function

Background: Declines in muscle mass and function are inevitable developments of the advanced aging process. Corresponding dimensions of longitudinal changes in at-risk populations are still scarce although clinically relevant. The present study monitored changes in morphologic and functional sarcopenia criteria related to sarcopenia in older men with low muscle mass over a period of 24 months. Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in muscle mass and function were comparable across the body. Our hypothesis was that both (1) fat free mass (FFM) and (2) function decline at a significantly higher rate in the lower versus the upper extremities. Design: We conducted an observational study of 24 months. Setting: Community dwelling men living in the area of Northern Bavaria were initially included in the Franconian Sarcopenic Obesity (FranSO) study by the Institute of Medical Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Participants: One hundred and seventy-seven (177) men (77.5±4.5 years) within the lowest skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) quartile of the FranSO study were included in the present 24 month analysis. Measurements: Fat free mass (direct-segmental, multi-frequency Bio-Impedance-Analysis (DSM-BIA)), handgrip strength (hand-dynamometer) and 10-m habitual gait velocity (photo sensors) were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Results: Lower extremity fat free mass (LEFFM: -2.0±2.4%), handgrip strength (-12.8±11.0%) and gait velocity (-3.5±9.0%) declined significantly (p<.001) during the follow-up period, while upper extremity FFM was maintained unchanged (UEFFM: 0.1±3.1%). Changes in LEFFM were significantly higher (p<.001) compared with UEFFM, however contrary to our expectation the decline in handgrip strength representing upper extremity muscle function was 3.7-fold higher (p<.001) than the decline in gait velocity. Conclusion: Medical experts involved in diagnosis, monitoring and management of sarcopenia should consider that parameters constituting morphologic and functional sarcopenia criteria feature different rates of decline during the aging process.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Liver Cirrhosis—Comparison of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia Criteria 2010 and 2019

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Traub ◽  
Ina Bergheim ◽  
Martin Eibisberger ◽  
Vanessa Stadlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
European Working ◽  
High Risk Populations

The European Working group on Sarcopenia in Older People recently updated the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. It is yet unclear how these modified criteria influence the rate of diagnosis in high risk populations, such as liver cirrhosis. We therefore assessed if the new diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia impacts on sarcopenia prevalence in liver cirrhosis. Within two years 114 cirrhotic patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Sarcopenia was determined by muscle strength (handgrip strength), muscle mass (lumbal muscle index) and muscle performance (gait speed). Using the 2019 definition, the rate of pre-sarcopenia was significantly lower (30.7% versus 3.5%) due to the different starting points (2010 muscle mass, 2019 muscle strength) and cut-off values (muscle strength). The change in diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia drastically influences the rate of pre-sarcopenia diagnosis in cirrhotics. To evaluate, which diagnostic criteria should be chosen to diagnose sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis patients, prospective studies are needed.

scholarly journals Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke A C M van Geel ◽  
Piet P Geusens ◽  
Bjorn Winkens ◽  
Jean-Pierre J E Sels ◽  
Geert-Jan Dinant
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Age Related

ObjectiveThe physiologic role of circulating endogenous testosterone and estrogen concentrations in relation to lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength is not as well documented in postmenopausal women as in elderly men.DesignThree hundred and twenty-nine healthy postmenopausal women were randomly selected from a general practice population-based sample aged between 55 and 85 years.MethodsTotal testosterone and estrogen (TT and TE) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined and estimates of bioavailable testosterone (free androgen index (TT/SHBG, FAI), calculated free testosterone (cFT), and estrogen (TE/SHBG, ESR) were calculated. Examinations included bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femoral neck (FN), LBM, maximum quadriceps extension strength (MES) and maximum handgrip strength (MGS), timed up-and-go test (TUGT), osteocalcin (OC), and urinary deoxy-pyridinoline/creatinine (DPyr). Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r).ResultsWith advancing age, LBM, MES, MGS, BMD, and ESR significantly declined (ranger: −0.356 to −0.141) and TUGT, and DPyr significantly increased (ranger: 0.135 to 0.282 (P<0.05)). After age-adjustment, LBM, MES, and BMD in spine and FN were significantly related to bioavailable testosterone (ranger: 0.146 to 0.193, for cFT, and 0.157 to 0.224, for FAI) and to ESR (ranger: 0.162 to 0.273). OC and DPyr were significantly inversely related to ESR (r: −0.154 and −0.144 respectively).ConclusionsAge-related loss of LBM, MES and BMD in postmenopausal women is partly dependent on the presence of endogenous bioavailable testosterone and estrogen.

scholarly journals Relationship of chronic endurance exercise to the somatotropic and sex hormone status of older men

1998 ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Cooper ◽  
DR Taaffe ◽  
D Guido ◽  
E Packer ◽  
L Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Igf I

To investigate putative abrogating effects of habitual endurance exercise on age-related changes in endocrine function and body composition, we compared insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), sex hormonal status and body composition in 15 Masters runners and 15 minimally exercising men (MEM) aged 60-70 years. A higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max.) in the runners (41.4+/-1.6 compared with 27.3+/-1.4 ml/kg/min, P=0.0001; mean+/-S.E.M.) reflected our group allocations. Analysis of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry showed no group differences in lean tissue mass or in regional or whole body BMD, but MEM were heavier, reflecting greater adiposity. Of nine muscle groups tested, only quadriceps strength differed significantly, being greater in runners (60.3+/-2.8 compared with 51.1+/-2.3 kg, P=0.02). Total IGF-I (129+/-10 compared with 124+/-11 ng/ml, P=0.72) and IGF-binding protein-3 (2854+/-94 compared with 2623+/-128ng/ml, P=0.16), were similarly depressed compared with young adult norms in both groups. There was no relationship between total or bioavailable IGF-I and any body composition, BMD or muscle strength variable. In the runners, concentrations of total testosterone (19.1+/-0.8 compared with 15.0+/-0.9 nmol/l, P=0.002) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (124.4+/-21.6 compared with 67.7+/-11.6 nmol/l, P=0.03) were significantly greater, but the free androgen index was significantly lower (20.7+/-2.7 compared with 31.4+/-4.1, P=0.04). Directly measured free testosterone, however, was similar between the runners and MEM (47.9+/-1.8 compared with 47.1+/-2.0 nmol/l P=0.80). Therefore the group differences in total testosterone and free androgen index were due to their different SHBG concentrations. Although estrone concentration was higher in MEM (85.1+/-5.2 compared with 108+/-6.7 pmol/l, P=0.03), estradiol concentration was similar between groups (73.0+/-6.3 compared with 81.8+/-8.0 pmol/l, P=0.18), indicating that estrogens were not responsible for the increased SHBG in runners. These results indicate that even high levels of regular endurance exercise do not prevent the decline in the somatotropic axis that occurs with aging. Furthermore, the somatic effects of exercise in older men (reduced adiposity and increased regional muscle strength) occurred independently of somatotropic or androgen status. Although habitual exercise does not influence free testosterone concentrations in older men, it appears to enhance the age-associated increase in SHBG synthesis.

scholarly journals Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Elderly Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Nur Riviati ◽  
Taufik Indrajaya ◽  
Erial Bahar ◽  
Dobi Saputra Burni
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Omega 3

BACKGROUND: Geriatric problem characterized by reduced functional ability and impaired adaptation function caused by the decline in various body systems, as well as increased vulnerability to various kinds of stressors, which reduce a person’s functional performance. AIM: This study was aimed to explore the effect of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderly community in Palembang, Indonesia. METHODS: This study is an open clinical trial, to assess the potential of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical activity of elderly community. Omega-3 is given as much as 1.2 g once a day for 12 weeks orally. Muscle strength was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Meanwhile, the muscle strength was assessed with a muscle dynamometer. RESULTS: Omega-3 supplementation has only shown potent efficacy in improving muscle strength in geriatrics patients (before omega-3 supplementation 25.1 + 5.11; after omega-3 supplementation 26.2 + 5.16; p < 0.05). Omega 3 supplementation did not show significant improvement in muscle mass and gait ability in elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 supplementation improves handgrip strength but does not increase muscle mass and physical performance for geriatrics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document