Use of spineless cactus associated with legume hay in the feedlot-finishing of lambs in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study were to examine the effects of diets containing spineless cactus associated with hays of different legume species [gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), “catingueira” (Caesalpinia bracteosa), “sabiá” (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) and “catanduva” (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth)] on the intake, digestibility, performance and carcass traits of lambs. Twenty-four ½ Santa Inês × ½ Soinga lambs with an average body weight of 21.4 ± 2.53 kg were distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of diets formulated with the association of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) and hay of four legume species, namely, “catanduva”, “sabiá” “catingueira” and gliricidia. The lowest intakes (P<0.05) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total carbohydrates occurred in the animals that received the diet containing catingueira hay. However, there were no diet effects (P>0.05) on the intakes of crude protein (CP), ether extract and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The diets also did not change (P>0.05) the weight gain (0.197 kg/day) or final weight (33.18 kg) of the lambs or the apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and NDF. Consequently, the parameters of live weight at slaughter (34.10 kg), hot carcass weight (14.81 kg), cold carcass weight (14.66 kg), hot carcass yield (45.60%) and cold carcass yield (45.07%) exhibited the no response to treatment. In addition to these variables, the diets also did not influence subcutaneous fat thickness (2.54 mm), longissimus muscle area (13.34 cm2), morphometric measurements of the carcass, or the proportions of muscle and fat. Therefore, legume hays associated with spineless cactus can be used to feed ½ Santa Inês × ½ Soinga lambs in the feedlot, as this strategy provides heavy animals at the time of slaughter and carcasses with desirable degrees of muscularity and adiposity.

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Effects of the percentage of Texel or Rouge de ľOuest genes in lambs on carcass characteristics and meat quality

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051110 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 81-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. F. Carson ◽

B. W. Moss ◽

R. W. J. Steen ◽

D. J. Kilpatrick

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fat Content ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Ewe Lambs ◽

Bone Content ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Ram Lambs

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of the percentage of Texel or Rouge de l’Ouest (Rouge) genes in lambs (0, 50, 75 or 100%; the remainder being Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface)) on lamb carcass characteristics and meat quality. Ewe lambs were slaughtered at 34, 40, 46 and 52 kg and ram lambs were slaughtered at 40, 46, 52 and 58 kg live weight. Dressing proportion increased (P < 0·001) by 0·53 and 0·27 g carcass weight per kg live weight for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes respectively. Carcass conformation classification increased (P < 0·001) by 0·016 and 0·007 units (on a five-point scale) for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes respectively. Carcass fat depth measures were reduced by Texel and Rouge genes such that at a constant fat depth end point, carcass weight could be increased by 0·029 and 0·023 kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Carcass lean content increased (P < 0·001) by 0·99 and 0·27 g/kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Subcutaneous fat content was reduced (P < 0·001) by 0·36 and 0·29 g/kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Intermuscular fat content was reduced (P < 0·01) by 0·38 g/kg per 1% increase in Texel genes, whereas Rouge genes had no effect. Similarly, bone content was reduced (P < 0·01) by Texel genes only (0·31 g/kg per 1% increase in Texel genes). Warner-Bratzler shear force values showed a quadratic effect with increasing Texel and Rouge genes, with an initial decrease from 0 to 50% followed by an increase to 100%. Cooking loss increased (P = 0·05) as the percentage of Rouge genes in lambs increased. Increasing the percentage of Texel or Rouge genes significantly increased L* values (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively), b* values (P = 0·05 and P< 0·05 respectively) and H° values (P < 0·001).

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Days on feed and sex effects on live weight and carcass traits measured by ultrasound

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000500002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 423-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saulo da Luz e Silva ◽

Evaldo Antonio Lencioni Titto ◽

Paulo Roberto Leme ◽

Luciane Silva Martello ◽

Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Nellore Cattle ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽

Composition Changes

There is a paucity of information in the literature on body composition changes in Nellore cattle and its crosses, mainly on heifers and intact males. Ultrasound is a useful, low cost tool to easily obtain this information, with minimal animal stress. Effects of sex and days on feed on live weight (LW) and ultrasound Longissimus muscle area (ULMA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (UFAT) measurements were evaluated in F1 Piedmont <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> Nelore, 27 heifers (HF) and 27 intact males (IM). HF and IM had an initial LW of 256 ± 5.6 and 265 ± 5.6 kg, respectively, and were fed a diet containing 77% TDN for 131 days. LW, ULMA, and UFAT were evaluated at 28-d intervals. Interactions between sex and days on feed were found for all traits studied. LW increased linearly with days on feed, and IM had greater LW than HF throughout the trial. Mean initial ULMA was 55.8 and 55.5 cm² for HF and IM, respectively, and increased linearly until the end of the experiment (78.7 and 82.8 cm², respectively). IM showed higher ULMA than HF only in the last measurement. Initial UFAT averaged 0.04 and 0.4 mm for IM and HF, respectively, and increased linearly during the feeding period (2.4 and 4.3 mm, respectively). UFAT was higher n HF than in IM during the entire experimental period. IM showed faster growth rates and protein accretion than HF in the Longissimus muscle. HF showed faster subcutaneous fat accretion.

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Meat yield and subjective muscle scores in medium weight steers

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9930825 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D Perry ◽

AP Yeates ◽

WA McKiernan

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Regression Models ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Meat Yield ◽

Lean Meat ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Medium Weight

The association between visually assessed muscle scores on live steers and their carcasses, eye muscle area, and the yield of saleable and lean meat was determined on 156 steers of mixed breeds (mean carcass weight 282 kg, mean P8 fat depth 13 mm). The contribution of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat to differences in saleable meat yield was also investigated. There was a negative correlation between P8 fat depth and both live ( r = -0.21) and carcass muscle score (r. = -0.31); therefore, the assessors were not scoring fatter steers as having better shape. The correlation between live and carcass muscle scores was 0.79. The correlation between carcass muscle score and eye muscle area was 0.58. When live muscle score, carcass muscle score, or eye muscle area was included in regression models already containing weight and fat depth, there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the amount of variation in saleable and lean meat yield explained by the models. At the same liveweight and fat depth, a change in live muscle score from C (moderately muscled) to B (well muscled) was accompanied by an increase of 1.7% in saleable meat and 2.2% in lean meat, when these were expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. The equivalent change in carcass muscle score in carcasses of the same weight and f a t depth was accompanied by an increase of 1.9% in saleable meat and 2.4% in lean meat. The increased weight of saleable meat was not due to an increase in the dissected fat content of the meat. Weight of subcutaneous fat decreased as muscle score increased (P<0.01). There was no significant association between the amount of intermuscular fat and either live or carcass muscle score (r. = -0.075 and -0.18, respectively).

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Muscle score: its usefulness in describing the potential yield of saleable meat from live steers and their carcasses

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9930275 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D Perry ◽

WA McKiernan ◽

AP Yeates

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Frame Size ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Meat Yield ◽

Residual Standard Deviation

Domestic trade weight steers (149) were assessed visually for subcutaneous fat and then given a live muscle score based on the thickness and convexity of their shape relative to frame size, having adjusted for subcutaneous fat. After slaughter, carcasses were given visually assessed carcass muscle scores based on the same critera. Fat depths at the P8 site and 12-13th eye muscle area were measured. Half of each carcass was boned-out into primal joints with subcutaneous fat trimmed to 6 mm. The weights of these joints plus meat trim (85% visual lean) were added to obtain the weight of saleable meat. The weight of fat trimmed from the carcass, primal joints, and meat trimmings during the bone-out process was added to obtain weight of fat trim. The assessors did not give steers with a greater subcutaneous fat depth better muscle scores when scoring for muscle and intermuscular fat. There was a negative correlation between live muscle score and P8 fat depth (-0.37), and no significant correlation between carcass muscle score and P8 fat depth. The associations between muscle score and yield of saleable meat were investigated using multiple regression techniques, with fat depth and muscle score sequentially added after weight in the model. The coefficient of determination and the residual standard deviation were compared at each stage. For saleable meat yield (kg), liveweight and carcass weight were the main contributors to the variation explained by the models fitted. For saleable meat yield as a percentage of carcass weight, most of the variation accounted for by the models fitted was explained by fat depth, muscle score, and eye muscle area. When added after weight and fat depth in regression models, muscle score significantly increased the coefficient of determination in all cases, with an associated decrease in the residual standard deviation. The effect was strongest for percentage of saleable meat. At the same weight and fat depth, animals or carcasses with better muscle scores produced more saleable meat.

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The effects of fasting, electrolyte supplementation and electrical stimulation on carcass yield and meat quality in bulls

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas92-091 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 791-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. D. M. Jones ◽

A. L. Schaefer ◽

A. K. W. Tong

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Live Weight ◽

Road Transport ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Marbling Score ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Weight Losses

Eighty-nine yearling beef bulls were allocated to one of four lairage treatment groups of either 0, 12, 24 or 36 h. Except for the 0-h group, all animals were given a 4-h road transport followed by either 12, 24 or 36 h in lairage pre-slaughter without feed and water. An electrolyte solution was offered during lairage to groups of bulls within the fasting treatments. Following slaughter and dressing, alternate carcass sides were stimulated (470 V, 1.5 A, 60 Hz) for 60 s, and data on muscle quality were collected. Fasting resulted in a progressive reduction in warm and cold carcass weight (as a proportion of final live weight) and reduced liver, rumen and intestine proportions. Electrolyte supplementation was effective in reducing carcass weight losses and appeared to have its greatest effect on bulls kept in lairage for 36 h. Fasting and electrolyte supplementation had few effects on muscle quality. Electrical stimulation reduced muscle shear value, lowered final muscle pH, brightened muscle colour at 24 h post mortem but had no effect on marbling score. It was concluded that electrolyte supplementation increased carcass yield in fasted bulls but had little beneficial effect on meat quality. On the other hand, electrical stimulation improved several quality parameters, including muscle shear value. Key words: Bulls, cattle, fasting, lairage, electrical stimulation, meat quality

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69 A new frame score system for Nelore cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 47-47

Author(s):

Roberto D Sainz ◽

Nayanny Guimarães ◽

Cláudio U Magnabosco ◽

Fernando Lopes

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Heritability Estimate ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Nelore Cattle

Abstract Frame score (FS) systems for beef cattle generally represent the relationships among growth, body composition, reproduction and mature size, in a simple and practical form. This study aimed to: 1) develop a FS system for Nelore cattle that is biologically sound, easy to interpret, and useful for producers; and 2) estimate the genetic parameters of the FS with productive and reproductive traits. An arbitrary scale (1 to 12) was devised so that each unit corresponds to 15 kg of carcass weight (1 @), as this is a common measure used for marketing beef cattle in Brazil. Therefore, ideal carcass weight, defined as having 6 mm of backfat, would be 18 @ (269 kg) and 15 @ (224 kg) for FS = 6 males and females, respectively. Data from 36,030 animals (22,405 males, 13,565 females) raised on pasture were obtained from participating herds of the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP). Genetic parameters were estimated in uni- and bicharacteristic analyses under an animal model, using the EM-REML algorithm (AIREMLF90) and Bayesian inference (GIBBS1F90). The heritability estimate for the new FS was 0.38, and its additive genetic correlations were 0.70, 0.72, 0.77, 0.33, -0.57, 0.27, and 0.28 with BW at 365 d, BW at 450 d, hip height, longissimus muscle area, subcutaneous fat thickness, scrotal circumference at 450 d, and age at first calving, respectively. The estimated heritability and genetic correlations indicate that there is enough additive genetic variability to allow for genetic response to selection. The estimates support the notion that larger frame animals are taller, heavier, leaner and later maturing, both in body composition as well as sexually. The new frame score may be a useful tool for genetic selection of animals that are best suited to their environment.

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Sire breed effect on carcass and temperament traits

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2717 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2717

Author(s):

Leandro Lunardini Cardoso ◽

Joal José Brazzale Leal ◽

Marcelo Henrique Giordano Nunes ◽

Bruno Borges Machado Teixeira ◽

Bruna Pena Sollero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Slaughter Weight ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Productive Traits ◽

Sire Breed

This paper aimed to identify and evaluate the effects of sire breed on temperament and productive traits of different cross-breeds between Nellore (NE), Tabapua (TB), and Brahman (BR) bulls mated with Angus cows (AN), as well as the relationship between temperament and productive traits. The productive traits measured in this study include slaughter weight and post weaning weight gain. Temperament was assessed by flight-speed (FS). Carcass data collected in this study include hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold dressing percentage, carcass length, initial pH, ultimate pH, subcutaneous fat thickness and carcass longissimus muscle area. The sire breed effect was greater for slaughter weight. Hot carcass weight was not affected by the sire breed. The longissimus muscle area was larger for AN x TB and AN x NE crossbreeds than for AN x BR crossbreeds. Subcutaneous fat thickness and cold dressing percentage were not affected by sire breed. The offspring of NE, TB, and BR sires mated with AN cows had similar carcass measurements, except for the longissimus muscle area, which was smaller for offspring sired by the Brahman breed. The temperament trait was not influenced by sire breed.

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PSXII-17 Fiber content in diets for feedlot lambs: carcass characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.837 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 422-423

Author(s):

Janaina S Biava ◽

Nathalia R Eckermann ◽

Thamires U Sturion ◽

Daniel M Polizel ◽

Paulo Dias Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Feedlot Lambs

Abstract The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the effects of levels of fiber in high-grain diets on carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. Fifty-eight Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs (initial BW 20.7 ± 1.19 kg and 75 ± 10.83 d old) were assigned to a randomized complete block design. The treatments were defined by the fiber (“Coastcross” hay) content in the diets (CP: 16,12% ± 0.92): 0F: no forage diet (NDF: 10.4%); 5F: 5% of forage (NDF: 12.1%); 10F: 10% of forage (NDF: 15.0%); 15F: 15% of forage (NDF: 15.5%); 20F: 20% of forage (NDF: 20.8%) and 25F: 25% of forage (NDF: 23.5%). The experiment lasted 89 days, at the end of this time, the animals were slaughtered (169 ± 10.83 d old) to evaluate carcass characteristics. There was a quadratic response for slaughter BW (0F: 46.3; 5F: 48.1; 10F: 49.4; 15F: 50.3; 20F: 48.5; 25F: 43.3 kg; P < 0.01), hot carcass weight (0F: 24.8; 5F: 25.6; 10F: 26.0; 15F: 25.7; 20F: 24.3; 25F: 21.8 kg; P = 0.01), cold carcass weight (0F: 24.3; 5F: 25.1; 10F: 25.4; 15F: 25.1; 20F: 23.8; 25F: 21.2 kg; P = 0.01) and longissimus dorsis area (0F: 16.3; 5F: 16.5; 10F: 17.4; 15F: 16.5; 20F: 16.0; 25F: 15.1 cm2; P = 0.04). There was a linear decrease in the hot carcass yield (0F: 53.0; 5F: 53.3; 10F: 52.5; 15F: 50.9; 20F: 50.1; 25F: 50.2%; P < 0.01), cold carcass yield (0F: 52.0; 5F: 52.2; 10F: 51.4; 15F: 49.8; 20F: 49.0; 25F: 48.9%; P < 0.01) and body wall thickness (0F: 16.2; 5F: 17.0; 10F: 16.3; 15F: 16.3; 20F: 15.1; 25F: 13.6 kg; P = 0.01). There was no effect on subcutaneous fat thickness. In conclusion, the diet with up to 5% of forage allowed higher carcass yield; however, the heavier carcasses were produced by the lambs that received 10F diet.

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Effect of Breed Types and Castration on Carcass Characteristics of Boer and Large Frame Indigenous Veld Goats of Southern Africa

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101884 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1884 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gertruida L. van Wyk ◽

Louwrens C. Hoffman ◽

Phillip E. Strydom ◽

Lorinda Frylinck

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Live Weight ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kidney Fat ◽

Pelleted Diet ◽

The Right ◽

Boer Goats

Weaner male Boer Goats (BG; n = 36; 21 bucks and 15 wethers) and large frame Indigenous Veld Goats (IVG; n = 41; 21 bucks and 20 wethers) were raised on hay and natural grass ad libitum and the recommended amount of commercial pelleted diet to a live weight between 30 and 35 kg. Carcass quality characteristics (live weight, carcass weights, dressing %, chilling loss and eye muscle area) were measured. The right sides of the carcasses were divided into wholesale cuts and dissected into subcutaneous fat, meat and bone. Large frame Indigenous Veld Goat (IVG) wethers were slightly lighter than the IVG bucks with no significant difference observed between BG. Wethers compared to bucks had higher dressing %, subcutaneous fat % in all primal cuts, intramuscular fat %, kidney fat % and, overall, slightly less bone %. Some breed–wether interactions were noticed: IVG wethers were slightly lighter than the IVG bucks, but the IVG bucks tended to produce higher % meat compared to other test groups. Judged on the intramuscular fat % characteristics, it seems as if wethers should produce juicier and more flavorsome meat compared to bucks.

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Elliotdale and crossbred lambs: growth rate, wool production, fat depth, saleable meat yield, carcass composition and muscle content of selected cuts

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9920429 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 429 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

DL Hopkins ◽

KD Gilbert ◽

KL Pirlot ◽

AHK Roberts

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Meat Yield ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Carcass Parameters

Growth and carcass parameters were studied for 62 second-cross lambs (Poll Dorset rams over Border Leicester x Merino ewes) and 55 purebred Elliottdale lambs. Second cross lambs grew faster (P<0.001) from weaning to the first slaughter time than Elliottdale lambs and consequently weighed more and had heavier carcasses. Elliottdale lambs produced significantly (P<0.001) more wool between birth and weaning. The slope of the relationship between GR (tissue depth over the 12th rib 110 mm from the midline) and carcass weight was 1.24 � 0.23 mm/kg for second cross lambs and 0.82 � 0.17 mm/kg for Elliottdale lambs, indicating the latter lambs were leaner at heavier weights. Measures of subcutaneous fat depth at the 5th/6th and 12th/13th ribs were similar when carcass weight differences were considered for a subsample of 21 second cross and 26 purebred Elliottdale lambs. Subjective assessment of fat distribution and carcass conformation by 2 assessors revealed a significant (P<0.001) difference between breeds; second cross lambs having a better conformation. Saleable meat yield, carcass composition, and muscle content of several cuts were determined for a subsample of lambs. At a common side weight of 8 kg there was no significant difference in saleable meat yield. At this weight, crossbred lambs had a significantly (P<0.05) higher muscle content (505 g/kg) than Elliottdale lambs (480 g/kg). Fat content was similar at 300 g/kg with crossbred lambs having significantly (P<0.05) less bone (190 g/kg) than Elliottdale lambs (2 10 g/kg). The legs of carcasses from crossbred lambs were shown to contain significantly more muscle than those of Elliottdales (206 v. 195 g/kg). Carcass weight explained some of the variation in weight of leg and forequarter muscle (r2 = 0.63 and 0.61). This was improved by including an assessment for conformation from 1 assessor (r2 = 0.69 and 0.64). Eye muscle area at the 12th rib did not add significantly to the prediction; it was not different between breeds, nor was its depth to width ratio different between breeds. The pH measurements of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were similar between breeds.

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