scholarly journals Netherlands Twin Register: From Twins to Twin Families

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
Eco J. C. de Geus ◽  
Jacqueline M. Vink ◽  
Janine H. Stubbe ◽  
Marijn A. Distel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Twin Families ◽  
New Research ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
National Databases

AbstractIn the late 1980s The Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) was established by recruiting young twins and multiples at birth and by approaching adolescent and young adult twins through city councils. The Adult NTR (ANTR) includes twins, their parents, siblings, spouses and their adult offspring. The number of participants in the ANTR who take part in survey and / or laboratory studies is over 22,000 subjects. A special group of participants consists of sisters who are mothers of twins. In the Young NTR (YNTR), data on more than 50,000 young twins have been collected. Currently we are extending the YNTR by including siblings of twins. Participants in YNTR and ANTR have been phenotyped every 2 to 3 years in longitudinal survey studies, since 1986 and 1991 for the YNTR and ANTR, respectively. The resulting large population-based datasets are used for genetic epidemiological studies and also, for example, to advance phenotyping through the development of new syndrome scales based on existing items from other inventories. New research developments further include brain imaging studies in selected and unselected groups, clinical assessment of psychopathology through interviews, and cross-referencing the NTR database to other national databases. A large biobank enterprise is ongoing in the ANTR in which blood and urine samples are collected for genotyping, expression analysis, and meta-bolomics studies. In this paper we give an update on the YNTR and ANTR phenotyping and on the ongoing ANTR biobank studies.

Registry of Adolescent and Young Adult Twins in the Tokyo Area

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuru Shikishima ◽  
Juko Ando ◽  
Yutaka Ono ◽  
Tatsushi Toda ◽  
Kimio Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Adult Twins

AbstractSince established in 1998, the Keio Twin Project (KTP) has been dedicated to investigating genetic and environmental sources contributing to human psychological traits in adolescence and young adulthood. A population-based twin registry was constructed by the KTP through the use of official residential records in the Tokyo area, and to date requests to participate in our research have generated 1040 pairs of twins and triplets of age 14 to 30, forming one of the largest twin registries in Asia. Our comprehensive datasets, obtained through questionnaires, performance tests, and physical measurements, cover a wide range of human traits: personality, psychiatry, mental health, sociality, cognition, and physical index. Demographic variables and environment of upbringing are also sought by twins and by some parents. This extensive information allows us to clarify the genetic and environmental overlap across multiple traits as well as specificities unique to single traits. Adding an evolutionary psychology perspective to the behavior genetics framework is currently being attempted in order to develop a grand theory of human genetics.

Headache

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
GJF Saldanha ◽  
CG Clough ◽  
N Ward
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Usa ◽  
One Year

Little is known about the frequency of headache in the elderly population as few epidemiological studies have been carried out. In one year in the USA, 70% of the general population had a headache, 5% of whom sought medical attention. In a large population-based study carried out in East Boston, US, some 17% of patients over 65 yrs of age reported frequent headache, with 53% of women and 36% of men reporting headache in the previous year.

scholarly journals The Guangzhou Twin Project

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang He ◽  
Jian Ge ◽  
Yingfeng Zheng ◽  
Wenyong Huang ◽  
Junwen Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
Population Based Registry

AbstractThe Guangzhou Twin Registry, initiated in 2005, is a population-based registry of twins born between 1987 and 2000. To date, over 9700 pairs of twins, regardless of their health and medical history, were enrolled in the database using the Official Household Registry of Guangzhou City. The twins were subsequently verified by door-to-door visits based on the registry address. The primary goal of this registry is to develop a resource for genetic epidemiological studies on common diseases in the southern Chinese population. The initial focus is to distinguish the genetic and environmental determinants of eye diseases, in particular myopia and glaucoma. About 1000 pairs of twins living close to the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were invited for the first phenotyping examination, questionnaire administration and DNA collection in July and August 2006. An annual eye examination and other phenotype data collection have been scheduled for up to 5 years in order to investigate changes in phenotypes including the myopia progression, physical development and the changes of other eye-related phenotypes. Recruitment of adult twins aged 50 years and over is underway in the same city with the assistance of the government.

Feasibility of Using Web-based Questionnaires in Large Population-based Epidemiological Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ekman ◽  
Paul W. Dickman ◽  
Åsa Klint ◽  
Elisabete Weiderpass ◽  
Jan-Eric Litton
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Web Based

Does Habitual Physical Activity Prevent Insomnia? A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Elderly Japanese

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Inoue ◽  
Takashi Yorifuji ◽  
Masumi Sugiyama ◽  
Toshiki Ohta ◽  
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Elderly Japanese

Few epidemiological studies have examined the potential protective effects of physical activity on insomnia. The authors thus evaluated the association between physical activity and insomnia in a large population-based study in Shizuoka, Japan. Individual data were obtained from participants in an ongoing cohort study. A total of 14,001 older residents who completed questionnaires were followed for 3 yr. Of these, 10,211 and 3,697 participants were eligible for the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. The authors obtained information about the frequency of physical activity and insomnia. Then, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between physical activity and insomnia were estimated. Habitual physical activity was related to lower prevalence of insomnia. Frequent physical activity also reduced the incidence of insomnia, especially difficulty maintaining sleep. For elderly people with sufficient mobility and no preexisting disease, high-frequency physical activity (e.g., 5 or more days/wk) may help reduce insomnia.

Increased Methylphenidate Usage for Attention Deficit Disorder in the 1990s

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Safer ◽  
Julie M. Zito ◽  
Eric M. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Best Fit

Objective. To estimate the increased use and the prevalence of methylphenidate (Ritalin) treatment of youth with attention deficit disorder (ADD) during the 1990s. Design. Using time-trend findings from two large population-based data sources, three pharmaceutical databases, and one physician audit, a best-fit estimate of the usage and the usage trends for methylphenidate treatment over the half decade from 1990 through 1995 was sought. Setting. Five regions in the United States (US) and the nation as a whole. Patients. Youths on record as receiving methylphenidate for ADD. Results. The findings from regional and national databases indicate that on average, there has been a 2.5-fold increase in the prevalence of methylphenidate treatment of youths with ADD between 1990 and 1995. In all, approximately 2.8% (or 1.5 million) of US youths aged 5 to 18 were receiving this medication in mid-1995. The increase in methylphenidate treatment for ADD appears largely related to an increased duration of treatment; more girls, adolescents, and inattentive youths on the medication; and a recently improved public image of this medication treatment. Conclusion. The database findings presented serve to correct exaggerated media claims of a 6-fold expansion of methylphenidate treatment, although they do not clarify the issue of the appropriateness of this treatment.

scholarly journals Identifying Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax from Administrative Databases: A Validation Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Frechette ◽  
Keegan Guidolin ◽  
Ayman Seyam ◽  
Yun-Hee Choi ◽  
Sarah Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Hospital Administrative

Introduction. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a disorder commonly encountered in healthy young individuals. There is no differentiation between PSP and secondary pneumothorax (SP) in the current version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). This complicates the conduct of epidemiological studies on the subject.Objective. To validate the accuracy of an algorithm that identifies cases of PSP from administrative databases.Methods. The charts of 150 patients who consulted the emergency room (ER) with a recorded main diagnosis of pneumothorax were reviewed to define the type of pneumothorax that occurred. The corresponding hospital administrative data collected during previous hospitalizations and ER visits were processed through the proposed algorithm. The results were compared over two different age groups.Results. There were 144 cases of pneumothorax correctly coded (96%). The results obtained from the PSP algorithm demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity (97% versus 81%,p=0.038) and positive predictive value (87% versus 46%,p<0.001) in patients under 40 years of age than in older patients.Conclusions. The proposed algorithm is adequate to identify cases of PSP from administrative databases in the age group classically associated with the disease. This makes possible its utilization in large population-based studies.

scholarly journals Late Effects in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Muffly ◽  
Frances B Maguire ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Vanessa Kennedy ◽  
Theresa H Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Second Neoplasms ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Abstract Background Knowledge regarding late effects (medical conditions and subsequent neoplasms) in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is lacking. Methods Using the population-based California Cancer Registry linked with California hospitalization data, we evaluated late effects in 1069 AYAs (aged 15–39 years) diagnosed with ALL in California between 1995 and 2012 and surviving a minimum of 3 years from diagnosis. Results The estimated 10-year cumulative incidence of subsequent endocrine disease (28.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.8% to 31.6%) and cardiac disease (17.0%, 95% CI = 14.6% to 19.5%) were strikingly high; avascular necrosis (9.6%, 95% CI = 7.8% to 11.6%), liver disease (6.5%, 95% CI = 5.0% to 8.3%), respiratory disease (6.2%, 95% CI = 4.8% to 8.0%), seizure and/or stroke (4.3%, 95% CI = 3.1% to 5.8%), renal disease (3.1%, 95% CI = 2.1% to 4.4%), and second neoplasms (1.4%, 95% CI = 0.7% to 2.4%) were estimated to occur at 10 years with the reported frequencies. Multivariable analyses including the entire patient cohort demonstrated that public or no insurance (vs private and/or military insurance) and receipt of hematopoietic cell transplantation were independently associated with the occurrence of all late effects considered. In multivariable analyses limited to the 766 AYAs who were not transplanted, we continued to find a statistically significant association between public and no insurance and the occurrence of all late effects. Frontline regimen type (pediatric vs adult) was not statistically significantly associated with any of the late effect categories. Conclusions This large population-based analysis is among the first to describe late effects in survivors of AYA ALL. The strong association between insurance type and late effects suggests that AYAs with public or no insurance may have reduced access to survivorship care following completion of ALL therapy.

scholarly journals QDECR: A Flexible, Extensible Vertex-Wise Analysis Framework in R

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Lamballais ◽  
Ryan L. Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Large Population ◽  
R Package ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Generic Modules ◽  
Cortical Morphology

The cerebral cortex is fundamental to the functioning of the mind and body. In vivo cortical morphology can be studied through magnetic resonance imaging in several ways, including reconstructing surface-based models of the cortex. However, existing software for surface-based statistical analyses cannot accommodate “big data” or commonly used statistical methods such as the imputation of missing data, extensive bias correction, and non-linear modeling. To address these shortcomings, we developed the QDECR package, a flexible and extensible R package for group-level statistical analysis of cortical morphology. QDECR was written with large population-based epidemiological studies in mind and was designed to fully utilize the extensive modeling options in R. QDECR currently supports vertex-wise linear regression. Design matrix generation can be done through simple, familiar R formula specification, and includes user-friendly extensions for R options such as polynomials, splines, interactions and other terms. QDECR can handle unimputed and imputed datasets with thousands of participants. QDECR has a modular design, and new statistical models can be implemented which utilize several aspects from other generic modules which comprise QDECR. In summary, QDECR provides a framework for vertex-wise surface-based analyses that enables flexible statistical modeling and features commonly used in population-based and clinical studies, which have until now been largely absent from neuroimaging research.

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