Production of Stable Bovine–Murine Interspecies Hybrids

2003 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Brenda V. Jones ◽  
Christopher J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Interspecies Hybrids

THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

scholarly journals How Can Satellite DNA Divergence Cause Reproductive Isolation? Let Us Count the Chromosomal Ways

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Ferree ◽  
Satyaki Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation ◽  
And Function

Satellites are one of the most enigmatic parts of the eukaryotic genome. These highly repetitive, noncoding sequences make up as much as half or more of the genomic content and are known to play essential roles in chromosome segregation during meiosis and mitosis, yet they evolve rapidly between closely related species. Research over the last several decades has revealed that satellite divergence can serve as a formidable reproductive barrier between sibling species. Here we highlight several key studies on Drosophila and other model organisms demonstrating deleterious effects of satellites and their rapid evolution on the structure and function of chromosomes in interspecies hybrids. These studies demonstrate that satellites can impact chromosomes at a number of different developmental stages and through distinct cellular mechanisms, including heterochromatin formation. These findings have important implications for how loci that cause postzygotic reproductive isolation are viewed.

scholarly journals Lineage-specific selection and the evolution of virulence in the Candida clade

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. e2016818118
Author(s):  
Sheena D. Singh-Babak ◽  
Tomas Babak ◽  
Hunter B. Fraser ◽  
Alexander D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence

Candida albicans is the most common cause of systemic fungal infections in humans and is considerably more virulent than its closest known relative, Candida dubliniensis. To investigate this difference, we constructed interspecies hybrids and quantified mRNA levels produced from each genome in the hybrid. This approach systematically identified expression differences in orthologous genes arising from cis-regulatory sequence changes that accumulated since the two species last shared a common ancestor, some 10 million y ago. We documented many orthologous gene-expression differences between the two species, and we pursued one striking observation: All 15 genes coding for the enzymes of glycolysis showed higher expression from the C. albicans genome than the C. dubliniensis genome in the interspecies hybrid. This pattern requires evolutionary changes to have occurred at each gene; the fact that they all act in the same direction strongly indicates lineage-specific natural selection as the underlying cause. To test whether these expression differences contribute to virulence, we created a C. dubliniensis strain in which all 15 glycolysis genes were produced at modestly elevated levels and found that this strain had significantly increased virulence in the standard mouse model of systemic infection. These results indicate that small expression differences across a deeply conserved set of metabolism enzymes can play a significant role in the evolution of virulence in fungal pathogens.

BOVINE AND CHICKEN PYRUVATE KINASE ISOZYMES INTRASPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS

Isozymes ◽  
1975 ◽  
pp. 523-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. CARDENAS ◽  
R.D. DYSON ◽  
J.J. STRANDHOLM
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Symmetric interspecies hybrids of mouse and human hemoglobin: Molecular basis of their abnormal oxygen affinity

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Roy ◽  
Parimala Nacharaju ◽  
Ronald L. Nagel ◽  
A. Seetharama Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Human Hemoglobin ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

scholarly journals Implementation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Peak Analysis: Application to the Discrimination of Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex and Their Interspecies Hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Margarita E. Zvezdanova ◽  
Manuel J. Arroyo ◽  
Gema Méndez ◽  
Jesús Guinea ◽  
Luis Mancera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Correct Discrimination ◽  
Tof Ms

Matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely implemented for the rapid identification of microorganisms. Although most bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi can be accurately identified with this method, some closely related species still represent a challenge for MALDI-TOF MS. In this study, two MALDI-TOF-based approaches were applied for discrimination at the species-level of isolates belonging to the Cryptococcus neoformans complex, previously characterized by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region: (i) an expanded database was built with 26 isolates from the main Cryptococcus species found in our setting (C. neoformans, C. deneoformans and AFLP3 interspecies hybrids) and (ii) peak analysis and data modeling were applied to the protein spectra of the analyzed Cryptococcus isolates. The implementation of the in-house database did not allow for the discrimination of the interspecies hybrids. However, the performance of peak analysis with the application of supervised classifiers (partial least squares-discriminant analysis and support vector machine) in a two-step analysis allowed for the 96.95% and 96.55% correct discrimination of C. neoformans from the interspecies hybrids, respectively. In addition, PCA analysis prior to support vector machine (SVM) provided 98.45% correct discrimination of the three analyzed species in a one-step analysis. This novel method is cost-efficient, rapid and user-friendly. The procedure can also be automatized for an optimized implementation in the laboratory routine.

scholarly journals Spontaneous whole-genome duplication restores fertility in interspecific hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Charron ◽  
Souhir Marsit ◽  
Mathieu Hénault ◽  
Hélène Martin ◽  
Christian R. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Established Species ◽  
Fertility Recovery

Abstract Interspecies hybrids often show some advantages over parents but also frequently suffer from reduced fertility, which can sometimes be overcome through sexual reproduction that sorts out genetic incompatibilities. Sex is however inefficient due to the low viability or fertility of hybrid offspring and thus limits their evolutionary potential. Mitotic cell division could be an alternative to fertility recovery in species such as fungi that can also propagate asexually. Here, to test this, we evolve in parallel and under relaxed selection more than 600 diploid yeast inter-specific hybrids that span from 100,000 to 15 M years of divergence. We find that hybrids can recover fertility spontaneously and rapidly through whole-genome duplication. These events occur in both hybrids between young and well-established species. Our results show that the instability of ploidy in hybrid is an accessible path to spontaneous fertility recovery.

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