Fabricating herstory: Using embroidery to map Bedouin tribal borders in South Sinai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Jessica Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Community Mapping ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Funded Research Project

Research into Bedouin culture by predominantly male scholars has tended to rely on analysing nineteenth-century traveller accounts, Cartesian maps and documenting oral histories. Much less attention has been paid to the role of Bedouin women’s handicrafts as a form of mapping and cultural knowledge production. In this article I reflect on the impact of commissioning an embroidered map of the Sinai during a British Academy/Leverhulme funded research project on Bedouin tribal borders and consider how collaborative engagements with traditional women’s handicrafts can be used as a form of artistic research practice, historical analysis and community mapping.

‘Our passion for legality’: international law and imperialism in late nineteenth-century Britain

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
CASPER SYLVEST
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
South African ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Congo Free State

AbstractThis article deploys a historical analysis of the relationship between law and imperialism to highlight questions about the character and role of international law in global politics. The involvement of two British international lawyers in practices of imperialism in Africa during the late nineteenth century is critically examined: the role of Travers Twiss (1809–1897) in the creation of the Congo Free State and John Westlake’s (1828–1913) support for the South African War. The analysis demonstrates the inescapably political character of international law and the dangers that follow from fusing a particular form of liberal moralism with notions of legal hierarchy. The historical cases raise ethico-political questions, the importance of which is only heightened by the character of contemporary world politics and the attention accorded to international law in recent years.

scholarly journals Standardizing and disseminating knowledge: the role of the OECD in global governance

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Mahon ◽  
Stephen McBride
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Impact

If ‘knowledge is power’, it is unsurprising that the production, legitimation, and application of social scientific knowledge, not least that which was designed to harness social organization to economic growth, is a potentially contentious process. Coping with, adapting to, or attempting to shape globalization has emerged as a central concern of policy-makers who are, therefore, interested in knowledge to assist their managerial activities. Thus, an organization that can create, synthesize, legitimate, and disseminate useful knowledge can play a significant role in the emerging global governance system. The OECD operates as one important site for the construction, standardization, and dissemination of transnational policy ideas. OECD staff conducts research and produces a range of background studies and reports, drawing on disciplinary knowledge (typically economics) supplemented by their ‘organizational discourses’. This paper probes the contested nature of knowledge production and attempts to evaluate the impact of the OECD’s efforts to produce globally applicable policy advice. Particular attention is paid to important initiatives in the labour market and social policy fields – the Jobs Study and Babies and Bosses.

‘The Sword of Avenging Justice’: Politics in Sutherland after the Third Reform Act

Rural History ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNIE TINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere has been much historical debate over the role of aristocratic landed families in local and national politics throughout the nineteenth century, and the impact of the First, Second and Third Reform Acts on that role. Additionally, the period from 1881 in the Scottish Highlands was one of acute political and ideological crisis, as the debate over the reform of the Land Laws took a violent turn, and Highland landowners were forced to address the demands of their small tenants. This article addresses these debates, taking as its case-study the ducal house of Sutherland. The Leveson-Gower family owned almost the whole county of Sutherland and until 1884 dominated political life in the region. This article examines the gradual breakdown of that political power, in line with a more general decline in financial and territorial influence, both in terms of the personal role of the Fourth and Fifth Dukes of Sutherland, and the broader impact of the estate management on the mechanics and expectations of politics in the county.

‘Stargazers at the world's end’: telescopes, observatories and ‘views’ of empire in the nineteenth-century British Empire

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN MCALEER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Scientific Objects ◽  
St Helena ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article argues that the study of astronomical observing instruments, their transportation around the globe and the personal and professional networks created by such exchanges are useful conceptual tools in exploring the role of science in the nineteenth-century British Empire. The shipping of scientific instruments highlights the physical and material connections that bound the empire together. Large, heavy and fragile objects, such as transit circles, were difficult to transport and repair. As such, the logistical difficulties associated with their movement illustrate the limitations of colonial scientific enterprises and their reliance on European centres. The discussion also examines the impact of the circulation of such objects on observatories and astronomers working in southern Africa, India and St Helena by tracing the connections between these places and British scientific institutions, London-based instrument-makers, and staff at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. It explores the ways in which astronomy generally, and the use of observing instruments in particular, relate to broader themes about the applications of science, the development of colonial identities, and the consolidation of empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. In considering these issues, the article illustrates the symbiotic relationship between science and empire in the period, demonstrating the overlap between political and strategic considerations and purely scientific endeavours. Almost paradoxically, as they trained their sights and their telescopes on the heavens, astronomers and observers helped to draw diverse regions of the earth beneath closer together. By tracing the movement of instruments and the arcs of patronage, cooperation and power that these trajectories inscribe, the role of science and scientific objects in forging global links and influencing the dynamics of the nineteenth-century British Empire is brought into greater focus.

Capitalism as Nineteenth-Century Colonialism and Its Impacts on Native Californians

Ethnohistory ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte K. Sunseri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article analyzes the impact of colonialism on nineteenth-century Native California communities, particularly during the American annexation of the West and capitalist ventures in mining and milling towns. Using the case study of Mono Lake Kutzadika Paiute employed by the Bodie and Benton Railroad and Lumber Company at Mono Mills, the lasting legacies of colonialism and its impacts on contemporary struggles for self-determination are explored. The study highlights the role of capitalism as a potent form of colonialism and its enduring effects on tribes’ ability to meet federal acknowledgment standards. This approach contributes to a richer understanding of colonial processes and their impacts on indigenous communities both historically and today.

scholarly journals The Second Declaration of Havana as the Political Manifest of the Socialistic Stage of the Cuban Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Artem Aleksandrovich Lepeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
American States ◽  
Foreign Ministers ◽  
The Impact

The Second Declaration of Havana ratified on February 4, 1962 is the most important document of the socialistic stage of the Cuban Revolution. The historical analysis of this document is essential to appreciate all the peculiarity of the socialism formation in Cuba and to understand the origin of the principles of the revolutionary internationalism during the Cuban Revolution. However, investigations, which are dedicated to specifically this issue, does not present in the Russian historiography. The aim of this work is to clarify the role of the Second Declaration of Havana in the process of the socialistic ideology formation in Cuba under specific historical conditions of the first half of the 20th century and also to estimate the impact of the foreign policy of USA and VIII Consultative Meeting of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of American States (OAS), which took place in January 1962, onto the radicalization of the Cuban Revolution.

scholarly journals A literatura como via de reconstrução nacional: o contexto curitibano no período posterior à Revolução Federalista (1890-1900) * Literature as a means of national reconstruction: Curitiba’s context during the period after the federalist revolution...

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
CAROLINE BARON MARACH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Reconstruction ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O artigo objetiva tratar do impacto da Revolução Federalista sobre os discursos dos literatos paranaenses do contexto do final do século XIX. Também busca discutir o papel do literato naquela sociedade, explorando as fontes que tratam desse assunto. O corpo documental deste trabalho compreende duas revistas importantes do período para o meio literato local, o <em>Clube Curitibano (1890-1912)</em> e <em>O Cenáculo (1895-1897)</em>. Além desses periódicos, a análise também abrange obras biográficas sobre os escritores e colaboradores mais assíduos dos dois periódicos. Tais agentes são entendidos aqui como “atores linguísticos”, expressão utilizada por John Pocock para designar os que operam como articuladores da linguagem de uma época, visando à defesa de interesses e à expressão de determinadas ideias e valores. Foram, portanto, mediadores da cultura de sua época, pois assumiram, de maneira engajada, posicionamentos referentes à vida em sociedade, nela desempenhando, a um só tempo, os papéis de atores, testemunhas e consciências do contexto por eles vivenciado.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Revolução – Literatura – Intelectuais.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article intends to examine the impact of Federalistic War on the writer’s ideas in the context of the Nineteenth Century in the Brazilian state of Parana. It also intends to discuss the social role of the <em>literati</em> in that society, exploring the magazines as historic sources. The documental corpus of this work covers the <em>Club Curitibano</em> <em>Magazine</em> (Revista do Clube Curitibano) (1890-1912) and <em>The Cenacle</em> (1895-1897). Besides theses sources, the analysis covers biographical works about the main contributors of the magazines already mentioned. We understand that these writers are "linguistic actors", a term used by John Pocock to designate the ones who operate as language articulators of an epoch, aimed at defending interests and the expression of certain ideas and values. Therefore, they were the culture mediators of their time, since they assumed, in an engaged way, positions concerning life in society, performing on it, at the same time, the roles of actors, witnesses and consciences of the context experienced by them.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Revolution – Literature – Intelectuals.<strong></strong></p>

Persistent Inequality? Trade, Factor Endowments, and Inequality in Republican Latin America

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Arroyo Abad
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Persistent Inequality

Using a new data set, this article presents new evidence on inequality in Latin America for the nineteenth century and studies the effects of factor endowments and trade on inequality. Recent research has highlighted the link between the colonial origins of inequality and its persistence in Latin America. We find that inequality varied substantially throughout the century and across the region. We identify the impact of changing factor endowments and trade on inequality using a simple theoretical framework. This work suggests that the role of initial colonial origins has been overemphasized as important changes took place during postcolonial times.

Chinese in the Woods

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Fawn Chung
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
American West ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Boom Period

Though recognized for their work in the mining and railroad industries, the Chinese also played a critical role in the nineteenth-century lumber trade. This book continues an examination of the impact of Chinese immigrants on the American West by bringing to life the tensions, towns, and lumber camps of the Sierra Nevada during a boom period of economic expansion. Chinese workers, like whites, labored as wood cutters and flume-herders, lumber jacks and loggers. Exploding the myth of the Chinese as a docile and cheap labor army, the book shows Chinese laborers earned wages similar to those of non-Asians. Men working as camp cooks, among other jobs, could even make more. At the same time, the book draws on archives and archaeology to reconstruct everyday existence, offering evocative portraits of camp living, small town life, personal and work relationships, and the production and technical aspects of a dangerous trade. The book examines the role of the Chinese in the lumber trade in the American West during the late nineteenth century, with a focus on the Sierra Nevada in the 1870s to 1890s. It looks at Chinese laborers' contribution to the building of the American West by analyzing their migration, their communities and lifestyles, lived experiences, transnationalism, and their work in relationship to mining and railroad construction.

Material Culture, Museums, and the Creation of Multiple Meanings

2020 ◽  
pp. 473-490
Author(s):  
Neil G. W. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
First Century ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Museum Practice ◽  
The Impact

This chapter aims to show that ideas of the sacred, the numinous, and the contested, rather than of the rational, are most important in understanding how the meanings of material culture are formed and the role of museums. It considers how museums have offered rich contexts in which the changing, conflicting, and multiple meanings of material culture have developed. Scottish national identity, contested and unsettled, is shown in the contribution of museums and objects to discussions about a link between the Classical past and Scottish history in the early nineteenth century, the creation of a national museum in the second half of the nineteenth century, a temporary exhibition of Scottish history as part of a Great Exhibition in 1911, and two repatriation cases at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Recent developments in museum practice are discussed, including the impact of both growing professionalism and the recognition of the rights of groups in museums. The chapter concludes by arguing that objects generate and embody meanings that are shared, entangled, and co-constitutive. Instead of attempting to identify the “correct” meaning, it is therefore the responsibility of museums to explore the range of personal and shared rights that objects engender.

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