The deep, sometimes wild, subjectivities of practice…

In recent decades, there has been considerable interdisciplinary debate around the theories of scenography, but less so around the practices of scenography. This article revisits scenography to reposition it as a contemporary design discipline, with a reminder that its history is embedded in the traditions of art theory and philosophy. Using Isabelle Stengers’ ‘Introductory notes on an ecology of practices’ as an opportunity to rethink the practice of scenography, a project is revisited, under the rubric ‘design fiction’. This project ‘Burying the Narrative’ is presented as a source of conceptual and theoretical encounter as several objects are buried under the ground. This was a tactic to deliberately disassociate scenography from traditional conventions and methodologies. Design practice is considered an integral part of the ecosystem of theatre and performance, and certainly in the early stages of a project, clever manoeuvres give rise to creative speculations.

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Heritability of Motor Skill

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae twin research ◽

10.1017/s0001566000008606 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

L. R. T. Williams ◽

J. B. Gross

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Error Variance ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Environmental Variance ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Skills ◽

Early Stages ◽

Balance Task ◽

And Performance

A total of 22 monozygotic (MZ) and 41 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were given 72 trials on a stabilometer balance task over six days to study the extent of the genetic contribution to learning and performance of a gross motor skill. The expectations that interindividual differences would be less for the MZ than for the DZ twins and that intraindividual variability would not be different between the two groups were supported. Intraclass correlations were used to provide estimates for the proportions of total phenotypic variance accounted for by heritability (h2), systematic environmental variance (E2), and nonsystematic environmental effects (e2). Heritability was found to be low during the early stages of learning, before it increased to stabilize at approximately 65% for the remaining practice. E2 was highest during these early stages (24%), then declined quickly to stabilize at half that level. Error variance (e2) constituted the remaining variance. Learning profiles of the twin pairs were also analyzed, with a greater intrapair resemblance being found for the MZ twins. The present findings indicate that, for gross motor skills, there is considerable potential for influencing both the levels of performance (and learning) and the differences between individuals by judicious use of systematic environmental effects.

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Forage management and concentrate supplementation effects on performance of beef calves

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an17797 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joao M. B. Vendramini ◽

Philipe Moriel

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Management Practice ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Creep Feeding ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Early Stages ◽

Metabolic Imprinting ◽

Beef Cattle Production ◽

And Performance

Proper grazing management is the most effective practice to provide adequate forage quantity and quality to cow–calf systems, and optimise beef-calf performance in tropical and subtropical regions. Supplementation of beef calves is not a commonly used management practice in beef-cattle production, primarily because calves can benefit from the cow’s milk production to offset some limitations in forage quantity and quality. Creep-feeding and supplementation of early weaned calves are the two main strategies to supplement beef calves. Creep-feeding can be used to overcome limited herbage allowance, improve calves uniformity, supply extra nutrients for calves, provide adaptation to concentrate diets before weaning, and increase weaning weight. Early weaning is an effective management practice to increase the likelihood of re-breeding of first-calf beef heifers in the south-eastern USA; however, it was observed that concentrate supplementation is necessary for early weaned calves to achieve desirable levels of gain on pasture in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, concentrate supplementation during early stages of a calf life may permanently change calf development and performance in a process called ‘metabolic imprinting’. The metabolic imprinting concept in production agriculture is in the early stages of knowledge and further research should elucidate the benefits of this management practice in beef-cattle production.

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A "Good Parent" Function of Dopamine: Transient Modulation of Learning and Performance during Early Stages of Training

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1196/annals.1390.017 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1104 (1) ◽

pp. 270-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. C. HORVITZ ◽

W. Y. CHOI ◽

C. MORVAN ◽

Y. EYNY ◽

P. D. BALSAM

Keyword(s):

Good Parent ◽

Early Stages ◽

And Performance ◽

Learning And Performance

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Estimating the Impact of Design Automation: The Influence of Knowledge on Potential Estimation

Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design ◽

10.1017/dsi.2019.200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1943-1952

Author(s):

Eugen Rigger ◽

Alexander Lutz ◽

Kristina Shea ◽

Tino Stankovic

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Conceptual Design ◽

Design Automation ◽

Careful Attention ◽

Design Practice ◽

Industrial Case Study ◽

Early Stages ◽

Sufficient Knowledge ◽

The Impact

AbstractAssessing the impact of design automation on design practice prior to its implementation is difficult and subject to uncertainties. One reason for this is the designers' lack of knowledge about design automation. In this work, an industrial case study focusing on conceptual design of hydraulic circuits is conducted to assess the impact of the designers' knowledge on design automation potential estimation. In particular, the impact of demonstrating a prototypical implementation of a design automation application is investigated as a means to enhance the designers' knowledge about design automation. In this respect, a given set of metrics is rated twice to enable a comparative study: prior to and after introducing the design automation prototype. The yielded results show that the knowledge impacts the rating and supports reliability of potential estimation. Further, it is shown that designers acknowledge design automation potential for the early stages of design given sufficient knowledge about design automation. Yet, the results also indicate that careful attention needs to be put on the aspects covered by the prototype in order to avoid biasing participants.

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Fortune Favors the Brave: Tactical Behaviors in the Middle-Distance Running Events at the 2017 IAAF World Championships

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1386-1391 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Arturo Casado ◽

Andrew Renfree

Keyword(s):

International Association ◽

Rank Order ◽

Intermediate Position ◽

Performance Characteristics ◽

Distance Running ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Performance Factors ◽

Early Stages ◽

Shared Variance ◽

And Performance

Purpose:To assess tactical and performance factors associated with progression from qualification rounds in the 800-m and 1500-m running events at the 2017 International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships.Methods:Official results were used to access final and intermediate positions and times, as well as performance characteristics of competitors. Shared variance between intermediate positions and rank order lap times with finishing positions were calculated, along with probability of automatic qualification, for athletes in each available race position at the end of every 400-m lap. Differences in race positions and lap times relative to season’s best performances were assessed between automatic qualifiers, fastest losers, and nonqualifiers.Results:Race positions at the end of each 400-m lap remained more stable through 800-m races than 1500-m races. Probability of automatic qualification decreased with both race position and rank order lap times on each lap, although rank order lap times accounted for a higher degree of shared variance than did intermediate position. In the 1500-m event, fastest losers ran at a higher percentage of season’s best speed and adopted positions closer to the race lead in the early stages. This was not the case in the 800-m.Conclusions:Intermediate positioning and the ability to produce a fast final race segment are strongly related to advancement from qualification rounds in middle-distance running events. The adoption of a more “risky” strategy characterized by higher speeds relative to season’s best may be associated with an increased likelihood of qualification as fastest losers in the 1500-m event.

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The Operational Experience and Advantages of Using Speed Control Technology for Internal Inspection

Volume 1: Risk Assessment and Management; Emerging Issues and Innovative Projects; Operations and Maintenance; Corrosion and Integrity Management ◽

10.1115/ipc1998-2044 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Reena Sahney ◽

Keith Grimes ◽

Tom Sawyer

Keyword(s):

Performance Testing ◽

Speed Control ◽

Operational Experience ◽

Control Technology ◽

Primary Method ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Line System ◽

Early Stages ◽

And Performance

Prior to 1997 the internal inspection program at TCPL was significantly smaller and therefore, did not result in significant capacity restrictions. Flexibility in scheduling inspections on the multi-line system was the primary method used to minimize capacity restrictions. With the decision to expand the 1997 program to include 3000 km of internal inspection, it became necessary to utilize technology to minimize throughput losses. Speed Control technology was capable of doing this; however, this technology was still in the early stages of development and performance testing. The purpose of this paper is to share the knowledge and benefits TCPL and two MFL inspection vendors have realized through the use of this technology.

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Development of an improved design methodology and front steering design guideline for small-wheel bicycles for better stability and performance

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1177/1754337120919608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 234 (3) ◽

pp. 227-244

Author(s):

Milan Paudel ◽

Fook Fah Yap

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Design Approach ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Design Practice ◽

Frame Design ◽

Current Design ◽

And Performance ◽

Improved Design ◽

Bicycle Design

The maneuverability and compactness of small-wheel and folding bicycles are greatly appreciated. Nonetheless, the performance of these small-wheel bicycles as compared to the big-wheel bicycles has always been questioned. They are often blamed for being less stable, wobbly, or twitchy. It is still unclear how the performance of the small-wheel bicycle designs can be improved. Both small- and big-wheel bicycles are designed with similar ergonomics; therefore, the focus has been on the front steering design. The steering design parameters of 91 big-wheel and 27 small-wheel bicycles were compared, bearing in mind the available front steering design guidelines to understand: (1) the influence of big-wheel bicycle’s frame design on small-wheel bicycles and (2) most common range of design parameters used in current bicycle designs. The analysis showed a strong influence of current big-wheel bicycle design practice on front frame parameter selection of small-wheel bicycles. Furthermore, the self-stability comparison over the most common design range confirmed the lesser stability in the current small-wheel bicycle designs at normal riding speed. However, it was also found that the lesser stability was not the result of small wheels per se, but rather owing to an inadequacy in the current design approach to addressing the complex influence of reducing wheel size and bicycle frame design on its stability and performance. Therefore, an improved design methodology was adopted by incorporating the bicycle dynamics into the current design approach and the front steering design guidelines for small-wheel bicycles have been developed. The guidelines contradict the current small-wheel bicycle design practice, as they recommend steeper headtube angles for small-wheel bicycles. The guidelines were validated with good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results on two prototype 20-inch-wheel bicycles having counter-intuitive steering geometry.

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