scholarly journals On the Social Nature of Objectivity: Helen Longino and Justin Biddle

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Eigi
Keyword(s):  
Social Nature ◽  
Helen Longino ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

According to Helen Longino, objectivity is necessarily social as it depends on critical interactions in community. Justin Biddle argues that Longino’s account presupposes individuals that are completely open to any criticism; as such individuals are in principle able to criticise their beliefs on their own, Longino's account is not really social. In the first part of my paper I argue that even for completely open individuals, criticism for maintaining objectivity is only possible in community. In the second part I challenge Biddle’s interpretation of Longino’s conception of the individual. I conclude that Longino’s account is necessarily social.

Youth Sports awareness and culture in contemporary society

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 93-146
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sport Culture ◽  
Culture And Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Way

Culture and awareness are two flexible concepts that are related to the social nature and its development, and the creative and scientific activities of humans since time immemorial. Awareness is developed by humans living their social life, the way they react towards their environment that consists of people, the average of their knowledge and the way they react to the things around them. What distinguishing the individual self-awareness is the human's ability to make any decision and their knowledge of their general behavior. in the light of taking what we need of the information, data, properties and characteristics, we give the youth their needs of activities, movement, awareness and culture through setting codified thoughtful programs. Therefore, we need to know the following: Are the attitudes of the males differ from the attitudes of the females of practicing sports? The importance of the research lies in the fact that it is one of the few studies that takes into consideration sport culture and health of an important segment, which is the youth. One of the results of the research is that the physical activity that the youth do in sports centers (gyms) that brings important benefits like prevention of diseases. The research was conducted on (202) of males which is 63.3% and (98) females which is (32.7). The results of the research show that most of those whom the research was conducted on were from the age of 18 to 25, which makes 47% of the study sample.

Patterns of Department Store Shoplifting

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Robin
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Stolen Goods

Varying amounts of information were obtained on every per son apprehended in 1958 for shoplifting in three large depart ment stores in Philadelphia. The individual sample sizes for Stores A, B, and C were 285, 834, and 465 cases, respectively. The following conclusions were made on the basis of the data gathered: (1) Shoplifting is primarily a juvenile activity. (2) Allowing suspected shoplifters to leave the store or store prem ises before apprehending them may be a matter of custom and a store precaution rather than a fulfillment of any legal require ment. (3) Although female apprehensions were more prevalent than male, there is little justification for regarding shoplifting as an almost exclusively female activity. (4) In comparison to their proportion in the population of the city, Negroes were dis proportionately represented in the stores' apprehension figures. (5) Juvenile theft, in terms of the retail value of the stolen goods, tended to be considerably less costly than adult theft. (6) Man agers of the stores showed an extreme reluctance to "prosecute" juveniles. (7) By far the most important determinant of the dis position of a case was the size of the theft. (8) The fact that more than seven out of every ten juveniles involved in shoplifting were apprehended in groups confirms the social nature of shop lifting among juveniles.

scholarly journals THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL AND MEDICO-SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL EXPERIENCE OF SENIOR PUPILS OF BOARDING SCHOOLS

2016 ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kazin ◽  
Yu. A. Ptahina ◽  
O. G. Krasnoshlikova ◽  
I. A. Sviridova ◽  
N. N. Koshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Experience ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Individual

The article shows that children in boarding institutions are generally characterized by limited possibilities of social, psychological and physical health, a significant reduction in indicators of specific and non-specific resistance to different settings that affect the formation of social experience of graduates during their life and professional self-determination. These submissions indicate that the formation of the social experience of senior residential care tailored to the psychosomatic health should be based on a set of focused consistent action of psycho-pedagogical and medico-social nature, aimed at enhancing the adaptive capacity of the individual (psychological stability, physical readiness, communicative behavior, moral and normative indicators of socialization) and providing self-determination of students.

scholarly journals The share of the teaching methods in the inclusive education on the appropriate sample at the territory of the City of Belgrade

2018 ◽  
pp. 835-848
Author(s):  
Sasa Stepanovic
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Class Time ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Auditory Impairments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of their usage in an inclusive teaching environment. The sample consisted of 16 elementary schools on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, which pupils with sensory impairments attend [visual and auditory impairments: N=69]. Systematic observation has been used as a method on 382 classes of sixth and seventh grade to collect data on the usage of social forms of work. Results have shown that in the two-thirds of observed classes the frontal work form was predominantly used [67.7%], following the individual work form [22.6%] present in a much lower degree, while the group work form [1.7%] and working in pairs [1.3%] were the least frequently used. Teacher-centered class is still a constant in schools, and the dominant usage of the frontal work form as well, by that very fact. This form has its advantages among which the efficiency in using the available class time stands out. However, this form by itself does not consider the social nature of learning which full understanding is mandatory for effective teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to use it in balance with individual and group forms in all phases of class.

scholarly journals The Concepts of “Tool”, “Psychological Tool”, “Sign” and Their Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
V.N. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Collective Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Alternative Version ◽  
The Individual

The article focuses on a number of key concepts for cultural-historical psychology — ‘tool’, ‘psychological tool’, ‘sign’ — and their relationship, both in the past and modern researches. It analyses different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of ‘tool’ and proposes an alternative version of its understanding. Notably, L.S. Vygotsky moved away from the concept of ‘psychological too’ to the concept of ‘sign’, and this transition is discussed in terms of Vygotsky’s understanding of the latter. The paper presents a comparative analysis of tools and signs in their plain, historically original forms. It is suggested that the main difference between tools and signs is that the function of tools is to replace the individual as a participant of collective activity in its various specific operations, while the function of signs is to replace the individual in just one aspect — in the regulation of social interaction in joint activities. Such understanding is consistent with the idea of the social nature of signs as well as with the idea of the possibility of forming self-regulation on this basis.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL NATURE OF QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1739
Author(s):  
Darina Mineva
Keyword(s):  
Social Aspect ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Individual

The article examines aspects of the quality of products and services, defines its social character and the factors that determine it. Three factors form the social character of the quality of products and services: the needs of society and individuals; market relations; the insurance of consumers against risks (health insurance and insurance).The question of the difference between consumer value and utility value and value and value is fundamental to determining the social quality of the quality. User value and utility are the two aspects of quality. Your quality is in the product or service. Consumer value is a property and value is a public property. It reflects the public nature of the work of the commodities producers through the exchange of the market. The basis of this exchange is the merciful value of the commodity.The social nature of the quality of products and services is "the commitment of producers to the needs of society and the individual", irrespective of the type of production. The social aspect is at the heart of all other aspects. Therefore, when assessing the quality of a hospital, we are actually evaluating not so much the organization itself but its commitment to the health of society.

scholarly journals Public Economics and Inequality: Uncovering Our Social Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Saez
Keyword(s):  
Public Economics ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

This paper argues that the social nature of humans, absent from the standard economic model, is crucial for understanding our large modern social states and why concerns about inequality are so pervasive. A social solution arises when a situation is resolved at the group level (rather than the individual level) through cooperation and fair distribution of the resulting surplus. In human societies, childcare and education for the young, retirement benefits for the old, health care for the sick, and income support for those in need are resolved at the social level and through the social state in advanced economies. Social situations are pervasive even outside government and play a significant role in the distribution of pretax market incomes.

scholarly journals The Problem of Reflection in the Definition of Self

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
V.N. Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of Coincidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Ideal

The article discusses the problem of reflection in the definition of personality in the context of the works of G.V.F. Hegel, I.G. Fichte, and F. T. Mikhailov. The identity of the origins of science and the origins of personality is revealed through the study of human activity. A historical excursion is conducted with an analysis of the discussion between L.S. Vygotsky and J. Piaget presented in the book «Thinking and Speech». It is shown that it was necessary for F.T. Mikhailov to refer to the Paleolithic era in his study of the essential human ability to perform appropriate self-regulated actions. The article reveals the connection between productive imagination and self-reflection. A critique of the reflection of everyday consciousness is given. The article shows the significance of Kant's third Antinomy of pure reason, which a person always faces when approaching the solution of his own Self. The article also explores the rationale for the development of human creative abilities. It outlines the role of E.V. Ilyenkov’s philosophical concept of the ideal in understanding the nature of the human Self. The points of coincidence of ontogeny and phylogeny in the formation of personality are defined. The article concludes that the social nature of the individual depends on the reflective attitude in the process of object-transformative activity. The issue of subjective understanding of reality through practice is considered.

scholarly journals Development of phenotypical individualization of the person social activity criteria and indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Shatyr ◽  
I. V. Ulesikova ◽  
I. G. Mulik ◽  
S. V. Bulatetsky ◽  
A. B. Mulik
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Passive Behavior ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Social activity being one of the main elements of organization of human vital activity, is characterized by systemic principle of formation and individuality of manifestations. Recognizing importance of the role of factors of social nature in development of social activity of an individual, one should agree that individual specialness of behavior largely depends on phenotypically determined psychophysiological and psychological features of an individual. Aim. The aim of research was to develop criteria and parameters of phenotypic individualization of social activity of a person. Materials and Methods. Into the study 146 individuals, males and females of 18-23 years of age were included. As the main criteria of psychophysiological and socio-psychological typologization of expressiveness and direction of social activity of an individual 2 groups of respective traits were used: impulsivity - initiativity - passivity, and prosociality - social neutrality - asociality. Results. The conducted experimental study permitted to correlate the device-detectable levels of the general nonspecific reactivity of an organism with the extent of expressiveness of social activity in human behavior. Here, a high level of general nonspecific reactivity was associated with inclination to impulsive behavior, a low level was associated with passive behavior, and the medium level of the general nonspecific reactivity of an organism was associated with inclination to initiative behavior. A method of qualitative differentiation and quantitative assessment of the individual prosociality-asociality balance in human behavior has been developed and tested. In order to technologize the process of complex evaluation of the expression and orientation of social behavior, a matrix of social activity of an individual has been developed that integrally characterizes the psychophysiological and psychological potential of an individual. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to specify the criteria and parameters of the phenotypical individualization of the social activity of an individual. The proposed method for assessment of the social activity of an individual provides a complex consideration of the physiological and psychological factors of the "sociality" of behavior, the possibility of qualitative typologization and quantitative determination of the individual prosociality-asociality balance, as well as algorithmization of the testing process.

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