Methodological validation of a vertical ladder with low intensity shock stimulus for resistance training in C57BL/6 mice: Effects on muscle mass and strength, body composition, and lactate plasma levels

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

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Effects of Resistance Training in Muscle Mass and Markers of Muscle Damage in Adults with Down Syndrome

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18178996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 8996

Author(s):

Antonio J. Diaz ◽

Ignacio Rosety ◽

Francisco J. Ordonez ◽

Francisco Brenes ◽

Natalia Garcia-Gomez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Task Performance ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Work Task ◽

Muscle Hypotonia ◽

The Impact

Recent studies have emphasized that regular exercise should be encouraged as a key part of care and support for people with Down syndrome (DS). However, muscle hypotonia has traditionally been considered a major barrier to resistance training (RT) in people with DS. The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of circuit RT on markers of muscle damage. The secondary objective was to assess the influence of a RT program on body composition and work task performance. Thirty-six men with DS were recruited and randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with six stations 3 days/week for 12 weeks (n = 18) or to a control group (n = 18). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase) were determined at baseline and at the end of training weeks 1, 6, and 12. Work task performance was assessed using the weighted pail-carry test. RT did not induce significant changes in markers of muscle damage during the intervention. Furthermore, muscle mass and work task performance were significantly improved in the exercise group. These findings suggest that circuit RT can be used safely to increase muscle mass and work task performance in young adults with DS. Muscle hypotonia should not be considered a major barrier to exercise in people with DS, provided that qualified staff design and supervise all training sessions.

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The effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy and functionality in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259574

Author(s):

Leonardo Peterson dos Santos ◽

Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo ◽

Thiago Rozales Ramis ◽

Juliana Katarina Schoer Portes ◽

Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Low Intensity

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and osteoarthritis(OA) patients showed systemic manifestations that may lead to a reduction in muscle strength, muscle mass and, consequently, to a reduction in functionality. On the other hand, moderate intensity resistance training(MIRT) and high intensity resistance training(HIRT) are able to improve muscle strength and muscle mass in RA and OA without affecting the disease course. However, due to the articular manifestations caused by these diseases, these patients may present intolerance to MIRT or HIRT. Thus, the low intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction(LIRTBFR) may be a new training strategy for these populations. Objective To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to verify the effects of LIRTBFR on muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in RA and OA patients. Materials and methods A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials(RCTs), published in English, between 1957–2021, was conducted using MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2.0. Mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference(SMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Five RCTs were included. We found no significant differences in the effects between LIRTBFR, MIRT and HIRT on muscle strength, which was assessed by tests of quadriceps strength(SMD = -0.01[-0.57, 0.54], P = 0.96; I² = 58%) and functionality measured by tests with patterns similar to walking(SMD = -0.04[-0.39, 0.31], P = 0.82; I² = 0%). Compared to HIRT, muscle mass gain after LIRTBFR was reported to be similar. When comparing LIRTBFR with low intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction(LIRT), the effect LIRTBFR was reported to be higher on muscle strength, which was evaluated by the knee extension test. Conclusion LIRTBFR appears to be a promising strategy for gains in muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in a predominant sample of RA and OA women.

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Abstract 14927: Effects of Low Intensity Resistance Exercise Under Kaatsu Condition on Skeletal Muscle Size and Its Safety inCardiovascular Surgery Patients

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

ogawa hironaga ◽

IKUKO SHIBASAKI ◽

Hirotsugu Fukuda ◽

Shigeru Toyoda ◽

Azusa Uematsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Cardiovascular Surgery ◽

Muscle Blood Flow ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Hemodynamic Deterioration

Introduction: Surgery for cardiovascular disease is often accompanied by sarcopenia and physical frailty, and improvement of muscle mass, muscle strength, and ADL, is often difficult only with cardiac rehabilitation using aerobic exercise. The resistance training under moderately restricted muscle blood flow, named as KAATSU, induces muscle hypertrophy and strengthens muscle through low intensity exercise. However, it remains uninvestigated whether KAATSU resistance training using low intensity load (KAATSU-RE) increases muscle strength, and induces hypertrophy in patients early after cardiovascular surgery. Hypothesis: To investigate the effects of KAATSU-RE on skeletal muscle strength, hypertrophy and its safety in patients early after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: Nine patients early after cardiac surgery were included in this study (seven males, age 54 ± 18 years, BMI 23.0 ± 3.7 kg/m 2 , AVR 5 cases, MVP 3, Bentall operation 1). The patients performed leg extension exercise (20~30% 1RM) under KAATSU condition two times/week for three months. Training started after 200 m walking early after the operation. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The anterior mid-thigh thickness (MTH) was measured using B mode transverse ultrasound images. Physical functions (isometric knee extension peak torque, handgrip strength, and walking speed) were also measured at three points, i.e. baseline (before operation), ~7 days early after operation, and ~3 months after the training. Results: SMI and MTH decreased significantly from 7 ± 1.1, and 2.5 ± 0.4 cm preoperatively to 6.7 ± 1.0, and 2.2 ± 0.3 cm approximately 1 week after surgery. Approximately 3 months after the training, they increased significantly to 7.6 ± 0.8 and 3 ± 0.4 cm. During the rehabilitation period, hemodynamic deterioration and side effects including subcutaneous hemorrhage were not observed, and all the patients completely finished the study. Conclusions: These results suggest that KAATSU training safely increased muscle mass in patients in the early perioperative period of cardiovascular surgery. KAATSU training appears to be a promising and effective method for cardiac rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular surgery.

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Effects of Protein Intake Beyond Habitual Intakes Associated With Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters, Isokinetic Strength, and Body Composition in Older Women

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2018-0370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 545-552

Author(s):

Hellen C.G. Nabuco ◽

Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽

Rodrigo R. Fernandes ◽

Paulo Sugihara Junior ◽

Edilaine F. Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Score Risk

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein intake beyond habitual intakes associated with resistance training on metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters, isokinetic strength, and body composition in health older women. A total of 30 older women (68.8 ± 4.3 years) participated in this investigation and were assigned to receive 35 g of whey protein or placebo combined with resistance training, over 12-weeks, three times per week. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. Both groups improved the skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, resistance, reactance, and MetSZ-score risk. However, the improvements in skeletal muscle mass, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk were significantly greater in protein group when compared with control group. Moreover, protein group significantly decreased %body fat when compared with control group. Higher protein intake combined with resistance training promoted greater improvements in skeletal muscle mass, %body fat, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk in older women.

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EFFECTS OF LOW-INTENSITY AND LOW-VELOCITY RESISTANCE TRAINING ON LOWER LIMB MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION IN ELDERLY ADULTS

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ◽

10.7600/jspfsm.55.s209 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S209-S212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

TAKAHIRO MUKAIMOTO ◽

ILLYOUNG HAN ◽

TATSUKI NAKA ◽

MAKOTO OHNO

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Low Intensity

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Effects of Resistance Training and Soy Isoflavone on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2010/156037 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fábio Lera Orsatti ◽

Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas ◽

Jorge Nahas-Neto ◽

Nailza Maesta ◽

Cláudio Lera Orsatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Double Blind ◽

Soy Isoflavone

Objective. To investigate the independent and additive effects of resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone (ISO) on body composition in postmenopausal women (PW).Method. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blind (soy), randomized (ISO versus placebo) × (RT versus No RT) design. A total of 80 PW, aged 45–70 years, were randomly (71 completed 9-months intervention): RT + ISO (n=15), No RT + ISO (n=20), RT + placebo (n=18), and No RT + placebo (n=18). ISO received 100 mg a day of isoflavone; and to RT attended supervised resistance training sessions. At baseline and 9-months, fat and muscle mass were estimated by DXA. ANOVA and testtwere used.Results. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (35.2%) and muscle mass (1.4%). Exercising attenuated gains in fat trunk and % body fat (P<.05). Significant decreases in muscle mass (−1.8%) and increases in fat mass of the whole-body (1.6%) and trunk (9.7%) was found in no-RT groups (P<.05). In ISO groups, there were no differences in body composition and muscle strength. ISO and RT had no additive effects.Conclusion. In PW: RT improved muscle mass and strength and attenuated gain of fat mass; ISO did not alter body composition and muscle strength; there were no additive effects of RT and ISO.

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Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515002810 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (8) ◽

pp. 1237-1245 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Denise Zdzieblik ◽

Steffen Oesser ◽

Manfred W. Baumstark ◽

Albert Gollhofer ◽

Daniel König

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Training Programme ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Collagen Peptides ◽

Collagen Peptide

AbstractProtein supplementation in combination with resistance training may increase muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of post-exercise protein supplementation with collagen peptidesv.placebo on muscle mass and muscle function following resistance training in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. A total of fifty-three male subjects (72·2 (sd4·68) years) with sarcopenia (class I or II) completed this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. All the participants underwent a 12-week guided resistance training programme (three sessions per week) and were supplemented with either collagen peptides (treatment group (TG)) (15 g/d) or silica as placebo (placebo group (PG)). Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and bone mass (BM) were measured before and after the intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic quadriceps strength (IQS) of the right leg was determined and sensory motor control (SMC) was investigated by a standardised one-leg stabilisation test. Following the training programme, all the subjects showed significantly higher (P<0·01) levels for FFM, BM, IQS and SMC with significantly lower (P<0·01) levels for FM. The effect was significantly more pronounced in subjects receiving collagen peptides: FFM (TG +4·2 (sd2·31) kg/PG +2·9 (sd1·84) kg;P<0·05); IQS (TG +16·5 (sd12·9) Nm/PG +7·3 (sd13·2) Nm;P<0·05); and FM (TG –5·4 (sd3·17) kg/PG –3·5 (sd2·16) kg;P<0·05). Our data demonstrate that compared with placebo, collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training further improved body composition by increasing FFM, muscle strength and the loss in FM.

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