scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training in Muscle Mass and Markers of Muscle Damage in Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8996
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Diaz ◽  
Ignacio Rosety ◽  
Francisco J. Ordonez ◽  
Francisco Brenes ◽  
Natalia Garcia-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Work Task ◽  
Muscle Hypotonia ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have emphasized that regular exercise should be encouraged as a key part of care and support for people with Down syndrome (DS). However, muscle hypotonia has traditionally been considered a major barrier to resistance training (RT) in people with DS. The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of circuit RT on markers of muscle damage. The secondary objective was to assess the influence of a RT program on body composition and work task performance. Thirty-six men with DS were recruited and randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with six stations 3 days/week for 12 weeks (n = 18) or to a control group (n = 18). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase) were determined at baseline and at the end of training weeks 1, 6, and 12. Work task performance was assessed using the weighted pail-carry test. RT did not induce significant changes in markers of muscle damage during the intervention. Furthermore, muscle mass and work task performance were significantly improved in the exercise group. These findings suggest that circuit RT can be used safely to increase muscle mass and work task performance in young adults with DS. Muscle hypotonia should not be considered a major barrier to exercise in people with DS, provided that qualified staff design and supervise all training sessions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)

Women ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Lynda B. Ransdell ◽  
Heidi A. Wayment ◽  
Nanette Lopez ◽  
Cori Lorts ◽  
Anna L. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
The Impact

As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

scholarly journals Loss of adipose tissue mass during chemotherapy predicts reduced survival in patients with colorectal cancer treated with palliative intent

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stella Sullivan ◽  
Louise E. Daly ◽  
Éadaoin B Ní Bhuachalla ◽  
Samantha J. Cushen ◽  
Derek G. Power ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Palliative Chemotherapy ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Palliative Intent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Baseline Bmi

AbstractObesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), however little is known about changes in body composition during chemotherapy and its impact on survival. The aim of this study was to examine in patients with CRC: (1) The prevalence of abnormal body composition phenotypes, (2) The impact of baseline body composition on overall survival, (3) Changes in body composition throughout treatment and its impact on overall survival.A prospective study of adult CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy between 2012–2016 was conducted. Longitudinal changes in body composition were examined using computed tomography (CT) images at two timepoints (interval 7 months, IQR: 5–9 months) using paired t-tests. Sarcopenia and low muscle attenuation (MA) were defined using published cut-offs. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios, adjusted for known prognostic covariates – stage, age, sex, performance status & systemic inflammation.In total, 268 patients were recruited (66% male, mean age 63 years) and 51% were undergoing chemotherapy with a palliative intent. At baseline, 4% were underweight (BMI < 20 kg/m2), 38% had a normal BMI, and 58% were overweight/obese. Despite this, 38% had cancer cachexia, 34% were sarcopenic and 43% had low MA. Neither sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity nor cachexia at baseline predicted survival. Over 100 days, 68% were muscle stable (± 1 kg), while 25% lost > 1 kg and 7% gained > 1 kg. Fat mass remained stable ± 1 kg in 49%, while 28% lost > 1 kg and 23% gained > 1 kg. When adjusted for known prognostic covariates, baseline BMI (20–25 kg/m2) in those having palliative chemotherapy was independently associated with reduced survival compared to those with BMI indicating overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) [HR: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.04–3.14), p = 0.037]. In those undergoing chemotherapy with palliative intent, a loss of > 6.4% subcutaneous fat (Q1 SAT) over 100 days was predictive of poor survival versus those with small losses, remaining stable or gaining SAT (Q2-4), independent of changes in muscle mass [HR: 2.22 (95% CI: 1.07–4.62), p = 0.033].Patients with CRC, particularly those treated with a palliative intent, experience significant losses in muscle and fat mass during chemotherapy. Loss of SAT mass during palliative chemotherapy is prognostic of poor survival, independent of changes in muscle mass. Baseline BMI in the overweight range confers a survival advantage. Nutritional strategies to prevent or attenuate weight loss during chemotherapy are advisable especially in the context of advanced CRC.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Resistance Training Load Schemes on Strength and Body Composition in Trained Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Charles Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Marcelo Saldanha Aoki ◽  
Alex Harley Crisp ◽  
Renê Scarpari de Mattos ◽  
Miguel Alves Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Moderate Load ◽  
Training Schemes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of moderate-load (10 RM) and low-load (20 RM) resistance training schemes on maximal strength and body composition. Sixteen resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a moderate-load group (n = 8) or a low-load group (n = 8). The resistance training schemes consisted of 8 exercises performed 4 times per week for 6 weeks. In order to equate the number of repetitions performed by each group, the moderate load group performed 6 sets of 10 RM, while the low load group performed 3 sets of 20 RM. Between-group differences were evaluated using a 2-way ANOVA and independent t-tests. There was no difference in the weekly total load lifted (sets × reps × kg) between the 2 groups. Both groups equally improved maximal strength and measures of body composition after 6 weeks of resistance training, with no significant between-group differences detected. In conclusion, both moderate-load and low-load resistance training schemes, similar for the total load lifted, induced a similar improvement in maximal strength and body composition in resistance-trained men.

scholarly journals Impacts of body composition parameters and liver cirrhosis on the severity of alcoholic acute pancreatitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260309
Author(s):  
Dong Kee Jang ◽  
Dong-Won Ahn ◽  
Kook Lae Lee ◽  
Byeong Gwan Kim ◽  
Ji Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Aim Liver cirrhosis and features of muscle or adipose tissues may affect the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to evaluate the impact of body composition parameters and liver cirrhosis on the severity of AP in patients with alcohol-induced AP (AAP). Methods Patients with presumed AAP who underwent CT within one week after admission were retrospectively enrolled. L3 sectional areas of abdominal fat and muscle, and mean muscle attenuations (MMAs) were quantified. The presence of liver cirrhosis was determined using clinical and CT findings. Factors potentially associated with moderately severe or severe AP were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 242 patients (47.0 ± 12.6 years, 215 males) with presumed AAP were included. The mild and moderately severe/severe (MSS) groups included 137 (56.6%) and 105 patients (43.4%), respectively. Patients in the MSS group had higher rates of liver cirrhosis, organ failure, and local complications. Among body composition parameters, mean MMA (33.4 vs 36.8 HU, P<0.0001) and abdominal muscle mass (126.5 vs 135.1 cm2, P = 0.029) were significantly lower in the MSS group. The presence of liver cirrhosis (OR, 4.192; 95% CI, 1.620–10.848) was found to be a significant risk factor for moderately severe or severe AP by multivariable analysis. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that liver cirrhosis has a significant impact on the severity of AAP. Of the body composition parameters examined, MMA and abdominal muscle mass showed potential as promising predictors.

EFFECTS OF CALORIC RESTRICTION WITH OR WITHOUT RESISTANCE TRAINING IN DYNAPENIC-OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE MENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A MONET STUDY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. NORMANDIN ◽  
M. SÉNÉCHAL ◽  
D. PRUD’HOMME ◽  
R. RABASA-LHORET ◽  
M. BROCHU
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The dynapenic (DYN)-obese phenotype is associated with an impaired metabolic profile. However, there is a lack of evidences regarding the effect of lifestyle interventions on the metabolic profile of individual with dynapenic phenotype. The objective was to investigate the impact of caloric restriction (CR) with or without resistance training (RT) on body composition, metabolic profile and muscle strength in DYN and non-dynapenic (NDYN) overweight and obese menopausal women. Design: 109 obese menopausal women (age 57.9 ± 9.0 yrs; BMI 32.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomized to a 6-month CR intervention with or without a RT program. Participants were categorized as DYN or NDYN based on the lowest tertile of relative muscle strength in our cohort (< 4.86 kg/BMI). Measurements: Body composition was measured by DXA, body fat distribution by CT scan, glucose homeostasis at fasting state and during an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, fasting lipids, resting blood pressure, fasting inflammation markers and maximal muscle strength. Results: No difference was observed between groups at baseline for body composition and the metabolic profile. Overall, a treatment effect was observed for all variables of body composition and some variables of the metabolic profile (fasting insulin, glucose disposal, triglyceride levels, triglycerides/HDL-Chol ratio and resting diastolic blood pressure) (P between 0.05 and 0.001). No Group X Treatment interaction was observed for variables of body composition and the metabolic profile. However, an interaction was observed for muscle strength; which significantly improved more in the CR+RT NDYN group (all P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, dynapenia was not associated with a worse metabolic profile at baseline in overweight and obese menopausal women. DYN and NDYN menopausal women showed similar cardiometabolic benefit from CR or CR+RT interventions. However, our results showed that the addition of RT to CR was more effective in improving maximal strength in DYN and NDYN obese menopausal women.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Ten Weeks Of Bodyweight Training On The Level Of Physical Fitness And Selected Parameters Of Body Composition In Women Aged 21-23 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lipecki ◽  
Bartosz Rutowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of 10 weeks of bodyweight training on selected elements of body composition (body mass, muscle mass, and the percentage of body fat and water) and components of physical fitness (strength, strength endurance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity) of women aged 21-23 years who do not practise sports professionally. Material and methods. The study involved 15 women whose mean age was 22 years 2 months. Their body mass and composition were assessed using a TANITA BC-1000 scale, and the following parameters of physical fitness were measured: the strength and power of the upper and lower extremities; the strength endurance of the shoulders, shoulder girdle, and trunk; as well as their flexibility and physical capacity. The assessment was performed twice, that is before and after the completion of the 10-week programme. Results. The study revealed that the 10-week bodyweight training programme had caused a minor increase in body mass (1.16%) and body fat percentage (2.43%), while muscle mass and body water percentage had not changed. As far as physical fitness is concerned, the bodyweight exercises had had a positive impact on all of the elements of physical fitness which were measured, including statistically significant increases in the explosive strength of the lower extremities (5.6%; p<0.01), strength endurance of the trunk (10.7%; p<0.01), and aerobic capacity (33.3%; p<0.05). Conclusions. Without a properly balanced diet and nutrition control, the bodyweight training programme had a small impact on the parameters of body composition. It was, however, an effective way of enhancing general physical fitness: apart from improving muscle strength and endurance, it also increased physical capacity and flexibility.

scholarly journals Endurance training-induced increase in muscle oxidative capacity without loss of muscle mass in younger and older resistance-trained men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul William Hendrickse ◽  
Tomas Venckunas ◽  
Justinas Platkevicius ◽  
Ramutis Kairaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile concurrent training is regularly used in older populations, the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity suggests that endurance training in resistance-trained individuals may result in some loss of resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass, which may be more pronounced in older people. We investigated the impact of superimposed endurance training in younger (28.5 ± 4.8 years; n = 8) and older (67.5 ± 5.5 years; n = 7) highly resistance-trained men. Participants underwent a 10-week endurance cycling training programme consisting of five 6-min intervals at 75% max heart rate (HRmax) separated by 4-min intervals at 90% HRmax. The anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the thigh muscles, as determined with MRI, was 24% smaller in older compared to younger participants (p < 0.001). Although maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was also lower in the older group (p < 0.001), VO2max per kg body mass did not differ significantly between younger and older participants. Histological analyses of biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis showed that endurance training induced an increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity in both younger and older participants (p ≤ 0.043), and an increase in the number of capillaries around type I fibres (p = 0.017). The superimposed endurance training did not induce a significant decrease in thigh ACSA, fibre cross-sectional area, or knee extensor maximum voluntary isometric force. These observations indicate that adding endurance training to resistance training can lead to positive endurance-related adaptations without negative consequences for muscle size and strength in older and younger resistance-trained people.

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