scholarly journals Missing mixed mode: elemental structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Antonio Alaminos Chica
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Missing At Random ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Mixed Modes ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Cross National

One of the main concerns is the nature of the missing values. Let’s consider extremes for simplicity. If missing at random we have not to care about. But if missing shows structures that covariate with substantive variables we have to make decisions. There are, in fact, several options to take. We are speaking about one country, one mode. But if you go cross-cultural (or more precisely, cross-state nations) and mixed modes many questions raise. For example, the simple one. What are we comparing? Reports and books usually go straight into variables distributions and coefficient comparisons. This is possible because the annalist presume "tabula rasa" effect from data collections procedures. But this is not, frequently, the real situation. This paper will expose the mixed missing mode imprint in international surveys. This will help to evaluate how deal with this problem. Also, to consider the real meaning of observed cross-national differences.

Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Cross-cultural Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zibenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Perceptions Of Organizational Politics ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
National Differences ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Despite the large number of studies on organizational politics, we still know very little about cross-cultural differences in these perceptions. The present study focuses on the roles of cultural values and the level of perceived national corruption in explaining cross-national differences in perceptions of organizational politics. Specifically, the study emphasizes the impact that cultural values may have on the degree to which employees perceive their organizational environment as political. In addition, it is proposed that in countries with a high level of corruption, corruption permeates throughout society, down to the individuals’ workplace such that citizens who perceive their country as corrupt will similarly perceive their workplace as corrupt. Two empirical illustrations support the argument that cultural values and perceptions of corruption in a country are related to perceptions of organizational politics.

scholarly journals Egalitarian sexism: Kant’s defense of monogamy and its implications for the future evolution of marriage II

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Palmquist
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Real ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The Future ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Marriage Laws

AbstractThis second part of a two-part series exploring implications of the natural differences between the sexes for the cultural evolution of marriage considers how the institution of marriage might evolve, if Kant’s reasons for defending monogamy are extended and applied to a future culture. After summarizing the philosophical framework for making cross-cultural ethical assessments that was introduced in Part I and then explaining Kant’s portrayal of marriage as an antidote to the objectifying tendencies of sex, I summarize Kant’s reasons for rejecting polygamy and for viewing monogamy as the only ethically acceptable form of marriage. Finally, I argue that if we apply Kantian principles to the real situation of marriage in many modern cultures, and if we wish to maintain a legitimate place for marriage in the future evolution of human culture, then the future evolution of marriage laws must recognize polyfidelity (i.e., plural marriages for both men and women) as being just as legitimate as monogamy.

scholarly journals What makes you "Ew"? Cross-national differences in disgust sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arathy Puthillam
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Cultural Assessment ◽  
Cross National

Disgust, as an emotional reaction to aversive stimuli, is thought to be universal; however, specific triggers of disgust may differ across cultures. Even though this has been acknowledged in previous studies, very little research has focused on measurement issues in cross-cultural assessment of disgust. The present study aimed to evaluate measurement equivalence of the three-domain disgust scale in a sample of US Americans and Indians. Specifically, confirmatory factor analysis, for the overall sample, as well as a subsample of Indians and Americans are reported. Next, a multi-group CFA and measurement invariance are tested, along with the size of non-equivalence. Scalar invariance was not found, implying that means cannot be compared across the two countries. However, the scale showed adequate fit in the Indian context, suggesting that it can be used to assess trait disgust sensitivity in India. Finally, item-level differences are noted, and explained via differences in cultural and legal norms.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Stalking: Examining Perceivers’ Country of Origin, Perpetrator-Target Prior Relationship, and the Mediating Effect of Victim Responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110426
Author(s):  
Kai Li Chung ◽  
Lorraine Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Direct Contrast ◽  
Victim Responsibility ◽  
Prior Relationship ◽  
People’S Perceptions ◽  
Cross National

Research in stalking perceptions has shown certain relational biases, in which people tend to view ex-partner stalkers to be less dangerous than stranger or acquaintance stalkers. These findings are in direct contrast to those of real-life cases whereby ex-partner stalkers pose a greater threat. In addition, although stalking is recognized as a global social problem, most studies have been based on samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries. The current study examined whether the prior relationship between the stalking perpetrator and target influences people’s perceptions of stalking and whether cross-national differences exist between participants based in Malaysia (where there is currently no law that criminalizes stalking) and England (where stalking has been outlawed since 1997). In a 3 × 2 between-subjects design, 294 Malaysian participants and 170 English participants were presented with a vignette describing a stalking scenario in which the perpetrator was depicted as a stranger, acquaintance, or ex-partner. Participants judged the extent to which the perpetrator’s behavior constitutes stalking; necessitates police intervention; would cause the victim alarm or personal distress; would cause the victim to fear the use of violence; and can be attributed to encouragement on the part of the victim. Results showed that typical relational biases existed in both samples, but Malaysian participants were less likely than their English counterparts to label any harassing scenario as serious. Perceptions of victim responsibility were found to mediate the effect of prior relationship and nationality on participants’ perceptions. The findings point to the urgency of better cross-cultural understanding of harassment behavior as well as legislations against stalking.

The Supply-Demand Research of Cultural and Tourism Industries Policies in China with the Impact of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Dr. Jianfei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Post Period

COVID-19 has made a bad influence on economic and society including cultural and tourism industry in China，2020.The industry has received a huge loss in the first quarter of the year and the situation is getting worse in the near future. It is believed that there will be a long impact for the country even the world. In order to recover the industry, Chinese government has published series of policies to support the enterprises and clusters to reduce the bad influence of COVID-19. This paper mainly uses filed survey and documentary research to map the real situation of the industry. It tries to find the policy demand of the industries and then analyze the policies published by government to conquer COVID-19. Meanwhile it will focus on whether the supply meet the demand and give suggestions on how to promote the policy efficiency in the post period of COVID-19 in China. Keywords: Evaluation; Cultural Industries; Policy; Park; Pandemic

Worldwide shadow education and social inequality: Explaining differences in the socioeconomic gap in access to shadow education across 63 societies

2021 ◽  
pp. 002071522098786
Author(s):  
Steve R Entrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Shadow Education ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cross National

This article examines the cross-national differences in socioeconomic accessibility to shadow education (SE) across 63 societies. Drawing on arguments from two competing theoretical models either emphasizing cross-national cultural, economic, and institutional differences (e.g. model of secondary schooling, scale of SE) or universally working social reproduction mechanisms (e.g. enrichment features of SE), this study provides a novel approach to understanding the role of SE for social inequality. More specifically, while the first model explicitly allows equality in access to SE, the latter suggests that SE fosters inequality under all circumstances. Using data from the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and official sources, first, the difference in the probability of top in comparison to bottom socioeconomic strata to use SE is predicted separately for all societies, before analyzing what causes the found considerable cross-national variation in the socioeconomic gap in access to SE at the country level. Results indicate that differences in SE access are linked to incentives for high-performing students to use SE. These incentives are especially common in societies with higher educational institutional differentiation (e.g. early or mixed tracking schooling models). In societies with less stratified education systems, access to SE is more equal, wherefore the potential effect of SE to social inequality is dampened. Overall, findings suggest that simple generalizations based on existing theoretical models provide no comprehensive explanation for the connection between SE and inequality. Instead, prominent beliefs about the relationship between SE and inequality are questioned.

scholarly journals A Simple Method for Converting 1-km Resolution Daily Clear-Sky LST into Real LST

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang ◽  
Yunhao Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Real ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Reconstruction Methods

Land-surface temperature (LST) plays a key role in the physical processes of surface energy and water balance from local through global scales. The widely used one kilometre resolution daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST product has missing values due to the influence of clouds. Therefore, a large number of clear-sky LST reconstruction methods have been developed to obtain spatially continuous LST datasets. However, the clear-sky LST is a theoretical value that is often an overestimate of the real value. In fact, the real LST (also known as cloudy-sky LST) is more necessary and more widely used. The existing cloudy-sky LST algorithms are usually somewhat complicated, and the accuracy needs to be improved. It is necessary to convert the clear-sky LST obtained by the currently better-developed methods into cloudy-sky LST. We took the clear-sky LST, cloud-cover duration, downward shortwave radiation, albedo and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as five independent variables and the real LST at the ground stations as the dependent variable to perform multiple linear regression. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the cloudy-sky LST retrieved by this method ranged from 3.5–3.9 K. We further analyzed different cases of the method, and the results suggested that this method has good flexibility. When we chose fewer independent variables, different clear-sky algorithms, or different regression tools, we also achieved good results. In addition, the method calculation process was relatively simple and can be applied to other research areas. This study preliminarily explored the influencing factors of the real LST and can provide a possible option for researchers who want to obtain cloudy-sky LST through clear-sky LST, that is, a convenient conversion method. This article lays the foundation for subsequent research in various fields that require real LST.

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