Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and the farm environment: A one health approach

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and their farm environment. Materials and Methods: The ceca from 100 broiler chickens from ten farms were sampled from processing sites or markets. The cecal contents were aseptically collected from each cecum and cultured. The farms were visited, and environmental samples were collected which included water, house flies, floor swabs and soils in chicken houses. Results: H. pullorum was present in 51% of the broilers; 17.5% of the flies were found to carry H. pullorum and Campylobacter spp., 30% of house floors were positive, while all water samples were negative. Conclusion: Flies could have picked up the organisms from the chickens' feces and/or the environment of the chicken houses or they could be one of the sources in the spread of the organisms. This study also showed that broiler chickens are potential reservoirs for H. pullorum and may serve as a source of infection for humans through the food chain.

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Summary of the Swedish Campylobacter Program in Broilers, 2001 through 2005

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.9.2008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 2008-2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

I. HANSSON ◽

L. PLYM FORSHELL ◽

P. GUSTAFSSON ◽

S. BOQVIST ◽

J. LINDBLAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Production ◽

Food Chain ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Seasonal Peak ◽

Negative Findings ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Campylobacter Spp ◽

Skin Samples

A Campylobacter monitoring program in broiler chickens was carried out in Sweden from 2001 through 2005. The objective was to reduce the occurrence of Campylobacter in the food chain through preventive measures, starting with primary production. The program involved collecting samples from all broiler flocks at slaughter and occasional additional times. The annual incidence of Campylobacter-positive slaughter batches progressively decreased from 20% in 2002 to 13% in 2005. Most of the positive batches had a high within-flock prevalence of Campylobacter. However, about 18% of the positive batches had a low-within-flock prevalence; Campylobacter spp. were isolated from at most 50% of the cloacal samples. The incidence of batches contaminated at slaughter ranged between 6 and 9% during the study period. During all 5 years, a seasonal peak of incidence was observed in the summertime. In an additional study, quantitative analyses were performed on neck skin samples and carcass rinse samples. Those results were compared with the positive and negative findings of the cloacal, cecum, and neck skin samples at slaughter. When Campylobacter was found in the cecum, there was a higher level of Campylobacter in the quantitative analyses. Those batches where Campylobacter already had been found on the farm had a higher concentration of Campylobacter than those batches in which Campylobacter was found only at slaughter. During the study period, about one-third of producers seldom delivered Campylobacter-positive batches (<10% positive batches per year). Thus, it is possible to produce Campylobacter-free broilers in Sweden.

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Assessing the viability of Legionella pneumophila in environmental samples: regarding the filter application of Ethidium Monoazide Bromide

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01653-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michela Consonni ◽

Anna Grassi ◽

Stefania Scuri ◽

Maria Gori ◽

Elisabetta Tanzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Pure Water ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Culture Method ◽

Ethidium Monoazide ◽

Cultivable Bacteria ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Commercial Kit

Abstract Purpose Analyses of 34 water samples from 13 healthcare structures revealed how culture method and quantitative PCR (qPCR) often differ in the detection of Legionella pneumophila (Lp). With these considerations in hand, culture method, PCR and Ethidium Monoazide Bromide (EMA) qPCR have all been compared in order to detect Lp in water samples, identify a method able to speed up the procedures, detect the “viable but not cultivable” bacteria (VBNC) and exclude non-viable bacteria using a commercial kit for extraction and amplification as well as modification of the protocol. Methods Pure water samples artificially spiked with viable, non-viable and VBNC Lp ATCC 33152 were analyzed using a commercial kit for both qPCR and EMA-qPCR, while ISO 11731-2-2004 was used for culture method. Results Only 35% (12/34) of the environmental samples were positive in both culture and qPCR methods. With regard to EMA-qPCR, results showed the absence of dye toxicity on viable and VBNC strains and an incomplete effectiveness on the non-viable ones. In both viable and VBNC strains, a decrease of bacterial DNA amplification was recorded as a function of sample dilution but not of EMA concentration. Conclusions Discrepancies between culture method and EMA-qPCR were observed and may be due to different causes such as membrane-dye interactions, presence of interfering compounds and the sensitivity of the kit used. Study significance and impact In the presence of one or more suspected cases of nosocomial legionellosis, the application of a rapid molecular method able to identify only the viable and VBNC Lp would be useful in order to quickly identify the source of infection and to intervene with sanitation treatments. However, seeing that in our experience EMA pretreatment on the filter membrane did not come up with the expected results, it would be necessary to proceed with other experiments and/or different dyes. Graphical Abstract

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Assessment of Viability of Legionella Pneumophila in Environmental Samples: On Filter Application of Ethidium Monoazide Bromide

10.21203/rs.3.rs-590583/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michela Consonni ◽

Anna Grassi ◽

Stefania Scuri ◽

Maria Gori ◽

Elisabetta Tanzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Culture Method ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Ethidium Monoazide ◽

Cultivable Bacteria ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Commercial Kit

Abstract Purpose: Culture method, Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and Ethidium Monoazide Bromide (EMA) qPCR have been compared in order to detect Legionella pneumophila (Lp) in water samples, to identify a method able to speed up the procedures, detect the “viable but not cultivable” bacteria (VBNC) and exclude dead bacteria using a commercial kit for extraction and amplification and modifying the protocol.Methods: Using these three methods, 34 environmental water samples and a series of samples artificially spiked with alive, dead and VBNC Lp ATCC 33152 were analysed. ISO 11731-2-2004 culture method was applied, whereas a commercial kit was selected for both qPCR and EMA qPCR pretreatment.Results: only 35% (12/34) of the environmental samples were positive in both culture and qPCR methods. With regard to EMA qPCR, results showed the absence of dye toxicity on viable and VBNC strains and an incomplete effectiveness on the dead ones. In both viable and VBNC strains a decrease of bacterial DNA amplification was recorded as a function of sample dilution but not of EMA concentration.Conclusions: Discrepancies between culture method and EMA-qPCR were observed and could be due to different causes as membrane-dye interactions, presence of interfering compounds and the relatively low sensitivity of the kit used.Significance and Impact of the Study: In presence of one or more suspected cases of nosocomial legionellosis, the application of a rapid molecular method able to identify only the viable and VBNC Lp would be useful in order to quickly identify the source of infection and to intervene with sanitation treatments. However, because in our experience EMA pretreatment on filter membrane has not given the expected results, it would be necessary to proceed with other experiments and different dyes.

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Campylobacter in recreational lake water in southern Quebec, Canada: presence, concentration, and association with precipitation and ruminant farm proximity

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.222 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 516-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Guy ◽

Julie Arsenault ◽

Serge Olivier Kotchi ◽

Maxime Gosselin-Théberge ◽

Marie-Josée Champagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Recreational Water ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Potential Source ◽

Water Recreation ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Campylobacter Spp ◽

Recreational Lake

Abstract Campylobacter is an important cause of gastrointestinal illness and exposure to recreational water is one potential source of infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and concentrations of Campylobacter, and determine the influence of agricultural activities and precipitation on their presence, at lake beaches used for water recreation in southern Quebec, Canada. A total of 413 water samples were collected from June to August, from 22 beaches, between 2011 and 2013. The overall proportion of positive water samples was estimated to be 33.9% (95% CI: 27.7, 40.1) for C. jejuni and 49.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 57.6) for Campylobacter spp. The concentrations of both thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni ranged from 20 to 900 bacteria/L of water. Logistic regressions showed that the presence of C. jejuni and Campylobacter spp. was significantly associated with the year and season. Other significant predictors of C. jejuni, but not Campylobacter spp., included the presence of precipitation the day before sampling and the presence of ruminant farms within a 5 km radius of the beach. The present study provides insights into the risk of Campylobacter presence in recreational lake water for better understanding public health risks.

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Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in duck and associated environmental samples in Thrissur district.

Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences ◽

10.51966/jvas.2021.52.4.325-330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Athulya T. R. ◽

Latha C. ◽

Sunil B. ◽

Deepa J. ◽

Shynu M.

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

One Health ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Common Cause ◽

Food Borne ◽

Control Food ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter spp. is considered as the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea in humans across the globe. The current research was undertaken to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in duck and the associated environmental samples. Among 220 samples analysed, 7.73 per cent samples revealed the presence of Campylobacter spp. Majority of the samples contained C. coli (4.55 per cent) and C. jejuni was detected in 3.18 per cent of the samples. The present study revealed a high occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in duck rearing facilities in Thrissur district, Kerala. As the demand for duck products is increasing every year, the risk of contamination by Campylobacter spp. has to be viewed seriously. The study revealed the importance of multifaceted one health approach including human medicine, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, environmental hygiene, public health institutes and epidemiological surveillance agencies to control food-borne diseases and up-gradation of biosecurity measures.

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Pollutant Identification by Selected Area Electron Diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052675 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 532-533

Author(s):

R. E. Ferrell ◽

G. G. Paulson ◽

C. W. Walker

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Crystal Structures ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Short Review ◽

Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽

Multiple Component

Selected area electron diffraction (SAD) has been used successfully to determine crystal structures, identify traces of minerals in rocks, and characterize the phases formed during thermal treatment of micron-sized particles. There is an increased interest in the method because it has the potential capability of identifying micron-sized pollutants in air and water samples. This paper is a short review of the theory behind SAD and a discussion of the sample preparation employed for the analysis of multiple component environmental samples.

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Field analysis Cr(VI) in water samples by a smartphone-based ultralong absorption path reflection colorimetric device

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj05948j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaolan Chen ◽

Cheng Ma ◽

Qi Kang ◽

Yu-Qin Chen ◽

Dazhong Shen

Keyword(s):

Hexavalent Chromium ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Absorption Path

Hexavalent chromium is highly toxic and regarded as one of the main pollutants in environmental samples. Sophisticated laboratory instruments are commercially available for in-field determination of chromium. It is highly...

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Occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and adenoviruses in Finnish bathing waters and purified sewage effluents

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2012.192 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 120-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Anna-Maria Hokajärvi ◽

Tarja Pitkänen ◽

Henri M. P. Siljanen ◽

Ulla-Maija Nakari ◽

Eila Torvinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Water Samples ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Human Adenovirus ◽

Sewage Effluent ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Sewage Effluents ◽

Bathing Waters ◽

Intestinal Pathogens ◽

Campylobacter Spp

A total of 50 Finnish bathing water samples and 34 sewage effluent samples originating from 17 locations were studied in the summers of 2006 and 2007. Campylobacter were present in 58% and adenoviruses in 12% of all bathing water samples; 53% of all sewage effluent samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 59% for adenoviruses. C. jejuni was the most common Campylobacter species found and human adenovirus serotype 41 was the most common identified adenovirus type. Bathing water temperature displayed a significant negative relationship with the occurrence of Campylobacter. One location had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of C. coli isolates in the bathing water and in sewage effluent, suggesting that sewage effluent was the source of C. coli at this bathing site. The counts of faecal indicator bacteria were not able to predict the presence of Campylobacter spp. or adenoviruses in the bathing waters. Thus the observed common presence of these pathogens in Finnish sewage effluents and bathing waters may represent a public health risk. The low water temperature in Finland may enhance the prevalence of Campylobacter in bathing waters. More attention needs to be paid to minimizing the concentrations of intestinal pathogens in bathing waters.

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Consumption of minas frescal cheese may be a source of human infection by Campylobacter jejuni

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n2a2020-42429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Guilherme Paz Monteiro ◽

Roberta Torres de Melo ◽

Eliane Pereira Mendonça ◽

Priscila Christen Nalevaiko ◽

Mariela Moura Carreon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Human Infection ◽

Emerging Pathogen ◽

Dairy Food ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Fresh Cheese ◽

Sources Of Infection ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. is an emerging pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and the consumption of dairy food can characterize sources of infection. We aimed to verify the viability and a presence of transcripts associated with characteristics of virulence and adaptation of C. jejuni isolated from Minas Frescal cheeses, produced with contaminated milk and stored under refrigeration for up to ten days. The samples were analyzed for bioindicators, Campylobacter spp., pH, acidity, moisture and sodium chloride. Campylobacter spp. recovered were evaluated for the production of transcripts of: ciaB, dnaJ, p19 and sodB. The results were correlated with the viability of C. jejuni and changes in their transcriptome. Storage at low temperatures reduced C. jejuni from the first to the fourth day. The variations in humidity, pH and acidity influenced the decreasing of C. jejuni. There was a reduction in transcripts' production of the four genes, more pronounced on the fourth day, indicating the inability of the microorganism to perform its metabolic activities, due to the conditions of injury. Despite the presence of mechanisms of virulence and adaptation, C. jejuni could not remain viable four days after production. However, consumption of fresh cheese contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni can be a source of infection when consumed up to four days after production.

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