scholarly journals Campylobacter in recreational lake water in southern Quebec, Canada: presence, concentration, and association with precipitation and ruminant farm proximity

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Guy ◽  
Julie Arsenault ◽  
Serge Olivier Kotchi ◽  
Maxime Gosselin-Théberge ◽  
Marie-Josée Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Water Recreation ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Recreational Lake

Abstract Campylobacter is an important cause of gastrointestinal illness and exposure to recreational water is one potential source of infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and concentrations of Campylobacter, and determine the influence of agricultural activities and precipitation on their presence, at lake beaches used for water recreation in southern Quebec, Canada. A total of 413 water samples were collected from June to August, from 22 beaches, between 2011 and 2013. The overall proportion of positive water samples was estimated to be 33.9% (95% CI: 27.7, 40.1) for C. jejuni and 49.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 57.6) for Campylobacter spp. The concentrations of both thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni ranged from 20 to 900 bacteria/L of water. Logistic regressions showed that the presence of C. jejuni and Campylobacter spp. was significantly associated with the year and season. Other significant predictors of C. jejuni, but not Campylobacter spp., included the presence of precipitation the day before sampling and the presence of ruminant farms within a 5 km radius of the beach. The present study provides insights into the risk of Campylobacter presence in recreational lake water for better understanding public health risks.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and the farm environment: A one health approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Soe Soe Wai ◽  
Saleha Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ◽  
Zakaria Zunita ◽  
Jalila Abu
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
One Health ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and their farm environment. Materials and Methods: The ceca from 100 broiler chickens from ten farms were sampled from processing sites or markets. The cecal contents were aseptically collected from each cecum and cultured. The farms were visited, and environmental samples were collected which included water, house flies, floor swabs and soils in chicken houses. Results: H. pullorum was present in 51% of the broilers; 17.5% of the flies were found to carry H. pullorum and Campylobacter spp., 30% of house floors were positive, while all water samples were negative. Conclusion: Flies could have picked up the organisms from the chickens' feces and/or the environment of the chicken houses or they could be one of the sources in the spread of the organisms. This study also showed that broiler chickens are potential reservoirs for H. pullorum and may serve as a source of infection for humans through the food chain.

scholarly journals An outbreak of Norovirus infections associated with recreational lake water in Western Finland, 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polkowska ◽  
S. Räsänen ◽  
H. Al-Hello ◽  
M. Bojang ◽  
O. Lyytikäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Stool Samples

AbstractIn July 2014, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among visitors to lakes in Tampere, Finland. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an internet-based survey, solicited by public announcement, to identify source of infection and to implement control measures. Of 1453 persons enrolled in the study, 244 met the case definition (attack rate, 17%). In the pooled univariate analysis, risk factors for gastroenteritis included getting water in the mouth while swimming (Risk ratio (RR) 3.32; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 2.36–4.68) and playing on the wet sand at the beach (RR 1.90; 95% CI 1.50–2.41). In a multivariable analysis (logistic regression), the source of the infection was likely at two lakes (lake A Odds ratio (OR) 1.66; 95% CI 1.15–2.39 and lake B, OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.49–3.72). Norovirus (NoV) was found in 19 stool samples. All water samples from implicated beaches had acceptable values of fecal indicator bacteria and were negative for NoV. The likely source of the outbreak was lake-water contaminated with NoV at two popular lakes. Closure of swimming beaches, advice on hygienic precautions and rapid outbreak alerts were efficient in controlling the outbreak. Results suggest a need for new indicators of water quality and development of evidence-based recommendations regarding timing of safe reopen of recreational water venues associated with outbreaks.

scholarly journals Occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and adenoviruses in Finnish bathing waters and purified sewage effluents

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Hokajärvi ◽  
Tarja Pitkänen ◽  
Henri M. P. Siljanen ◽  
Ulla-Maija Nakari ◽  
Eila Torvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

A total of 50 Finnish bathing water samples and 34 sewage effluent samples originating from 17 locations were studied in the summers of 2006 and 2007. Campylobacter were present in 58% and adenoviruses in 12% of all bathing water samples; 53% of all sewage effluent samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 59% for adenoviruses. C. jejuni was the most common Campylobacter species found and human adenovirus serotype 41 was the most common identified adenovirus type. Bathing water temperature displayed a significant negative relationship with the occurrence of Campylobacter. One location had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of C. coli isolates in the bathing water and in sewage effluent, suggesting that sewage effluent was the source of C. coli at this bathing site. The counts of faecal indicator bacteria were not able to predict the presence of Campylobacter spp. or adenoviruses in the bathing waters. Thus the observed common presence of these pathogens in Finnish sewage effluents and bathing waters may represent a public health risk. The low water temperature in Finland may enhance the prevalence of Campylobacter in bathing waters. More attention needs to be paid to minimizing the concentrations of intestinal pathogens in bathing waters.

Changes in Nutrient Levels of Lake Water Stored at 4 °C

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El-Shaarawi ◽  
M. A. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Water samples were collected on Lake Ontario during April and November, filtered (0.45 μm), and immediately analyzed onboard ship for the nutrients soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate-plus-nitrite, and ammonia. Replicates were stored in glass bottles at 4 °C and reanalyzed within 8 d. Statistical analysis showed that soluble reactive phosphorus decreased by 11 and 13% and nitrate-plus-nitrite by 7 and 6%, whereas ammonia increased by 75% on one cruise and decreased by 37% on the other.

IMPORTANCE OF TOOTH-BRUSH DISINFECTION IN SARS Cov-2.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Akash Bhatt ◽  
Neel Gupta ◽  
Lavisha Garg
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source

As public distribution of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is underway, prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on minimizing spread. Toothbrushes are a potent source of infection as it harbours the microorganisms and increases the viral load as well. It also increases the chances of cross infection among family members. Therefore disinfecting toothbrushes after every use may be a viable option to decrease the total viral load as well as to limit the chances of cross - infection. This communication aims to focus on the fact that toothbrushes may be another potential source of infection in this pandemic, thereby this needs to be disinfected after every use and once person is recovered, it should be replaced with a new one.

scholarly journals Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hadyme Miyague ◽  
Fernando Marum Mauad ◽  
Wellington de Paula Martins ◽  
Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

Status of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Lake Water of Dhaka Metropolitan City

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Mokaddes ◽  
BS Nahar ◽  
MA Baten
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Metropolitan City

A study was conducted to evaluate level of water pollution and its influence on heavy metal contaminations of lake water of Dhaka metropolitan city. The water samples were collected from lakes of Dhaka metropolitan city during February to March, 2008. The chemical analysis of water samples included pH, EC, As, Cu, Mn, 'ln. Pb and Cd. Analysis of lake water samples was done at the Central Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The concentrations of heavy metal of lake water were recorded as: in case of pH = 6.95, in case of EC = 22.44 (?scm-1), in case of Cu = 0.018 ppm, in case of Zn = 0.274 ppm, in case of Mn = 0.084 ppm, in case of As = 0.002 ppb, in case of Pb = 0.002 ppm and in case of Cd = 0.044 ppm. The pH value of lakes water range from 5.34 to 7.68, an indication of slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. The average EC value for lakes water ranged from 17.61 to 34.61 ?Scm-1 where EC value varied from 14.24 to 33.48 ?Scm-1 in the lake water.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14841 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 345-348 2012

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