scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis: Prevalence and risk factors in dairy cows in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2102-2108
Author(s):  
Himmatul Khasanah ◽  
Hidayat Bambang Setyawan ◽  
Roni Yulianto ◽  
Desy Cahya Widianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactation Stage

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a disease that frequently attacks lactating dairy cows and possibly decreases production, causing economic losses to farmers. This study aimed to define the prevalence of SCM and risk factor-associated related management practice by dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The milk sample per quarter of individual lactating Friesian–Holstein cows (592 samples) was collected from 148 cows from 62 selected farms in the region with high dairy cattle populations in Malang, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, Jember, and Banyuwangi. SCM determination was performed using the California mastitis test. A survey including field observation and interviews with farmers was conducted to find out the management practices of the selected farms. The analysis of risk factors was conducted by multinomial regression using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, USA). Results: In addition, 68.18% and 66.72% at the cow and quarter levels, respectively, of the lactating dairy cows examined had SCM. In multinomial regression, four variables were significantly given impact in association with the SCM prevalence in identifying related lactation stage (odds ratio [OR]: 1-2 months=5.67, 2-6 months=9.435), teat wiping after milking (OR=42.197), house cleanliness (OR: dirty=0.120, moderate=0.527), and location (regencies) of raising the cows (OR: Sidoarjo=0.076, Mojokerto=0.165, Jember=1.210, Probolinggo=3.449, Lumajang=1.638, Malang=1.210, and Pasuruan=0.681). Conclusion: The SCM prevalence in East Java is relatively high and a threat to the dairy industry's performance. This study found a significant association with SCM that needs to be considered in the practice of management to prevent and control SCM. However, the finding also suggested that hygienic management practices performed by farmers need to be improved to reduce SCM incidents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine mastitis in smallholder lactating dairy farms in Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Sosango ◽  
◽  
Amanuel Ashebo ◽  
Demelash Kalo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and February 2016 in Hawassa town, SNNPR, Ethiopia to determine the overall mastitis prevalence and identify the role of some selected risk factors in 183 randomly selected small holder lactating dairy cows of 53 high grade Holstein Friesian, 113 Holstein indigenous zebu cross and 17 indigenous zebu breeds. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined through examination of abnormalities of milk, udder or cow. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis determined by using indicator paper test. From total 183 lactating dairy cows examined for bovine mastitis 9(4.9%) had clinical mastitis, while 56(30.6%) subclinical mastitis. Out of 9(4.9%) clinical mastitis, 9.43 and 3.53% occurred in high grade Holstein and Holstein indigenous zebu, respectively, but indigenous zebu breed was found not affected. Subclinical mastitis at cow level based on indicator paper test was significantly high (32.07%) in Holstein, (30.9%) in cross breed and (23.5%) in indigenous zebu (p<0.05). Quarter level subclinical mastitis prevalence based on indicator paper test was 32.07, 30.2% and 23.5% in Holstein, cross breed and indigenous zebu, respectively. From the potential risk factors considered, breed (X2=17.3, p<0.05), presence of teat lesion and tick infestation (X2=7.73, p<0.05), stage of lactation (X2=13.8, p<0.05), and parity number (X2=19.4, p<0.05) had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred by both clinical and subclinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigation and control measures.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS IN SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Late Stages

This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating Dairy Cow of Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm (BAUDF) and rural areas of Tangail sadar upazila of Bangladesh during the period of July 2009 to April 2010. A total of 200 milk samples (40 from BAUDF and 160 from Tangail sadar upazila) were collected for this study which were subjected to physical examination and subsequently screened for subclinical mastitis using three indirect tests viz. White Side Test (WST), California Mastitis Test (CMT), and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating dairy cows found in this study was 29%. Cows were infected with SCM 29.5%, 27.5% and 25.5% detection by CMT, WST and SFMT respectively. Higher prevalence of SCM was detected in milch crossbred cows (36.36%) in comparison to local bred cows (24.61%) maintained under extensive management system in Rural area of Tangail sadar upazila. The prevalence of SCM was recorded in 31.58%, 30.76% and 68.75% in cows of local area of Tangail sadar upazila, and 25.0%, 40.0% and 71.42% in cows of BAU,DF during the early, mid and late stages of lactation respectively. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded during the early lactation stage in both the local breed cows (30.0%) and cows of BAUDF (45.83%) in comparison to their respective mid and late stages of lactation. The prevalence of SCM was highest in lactating cows having third lactation and high yielding (cows produced >10 liter milk per day) both in local breed and crossbred cows.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11216 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 73-78 

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance and resistant genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Hika Waktole ◽  
Gebrerufael Girmay
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causative agents of mastitis disease in dairy herds. Mastitis disease has a negative impact in the economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and detect antimicrobial resistance genes in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of subclinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty CMT positive milk samples were collected and transported to laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic methods were performed for detection of some antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes (mecA, ermA, ermC, and msrA), respectively. Results: From total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n=130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. Of the sixty-eight isolates tested 12 samples were contained the methicillin resistance gene A (mecA). No amplification was observed for the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermC, and msrA). Conclusion: The high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antimicrobials contribute in dairy farms may cause health problems in the community consuming raw milk purchased from these farms.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows reared in district Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. ◽  
Ganie S.A. ◽  
Mir M. R. ◽  
Ahmad S.B. ◽  
Bhat R.R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Intensive System

Subclinical mastitis is associated with certain risk factors such as age, lactation stage, milk production and parity. A cross sectional study including 135 cross bred Holstein Friesian dairy cows was undertaken from June 2017 to January 2019 in surrounding villages of district Ganderbal in order to identify major risk factors. The overall prevalence of SCM was 81.48%. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis associated with various risk factors was 48.1% (early lactation), 44.54% (5-7 years), 49.09% (>10 litres per day) and 30.90% (3rd parity) respectively. In intensive system of rearing, prevalence was 66.36% whereas in extensive 33.63% was found. In present study, single quarter was affected in 61.81% of SCM infections. In milking method, knuckling and stripping showed more incidence of SCM. In present study, moderate form of mastitis was more predominant (40.9%).

SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING COWS: COMPARISON OF FOUR SCREENING TESTS AND EFFECT OF ANIMAL FACTORS ON ITS OCCURRENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Badiuzzaman ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
SHMF Siddiki ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
S Saha
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cultural Isolation

A total of 444 quarter milk samples from 111 crossbred dairy cows were subjected to California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC) test, white side test (WST) and surf field mastitis (SFMT) test to quantify their efficacy in detecting sub clinical mastitis in dairy cows of Bangladesh during the period from 2010 to 2011.Milk samples positive by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 265,230, 225 and 222 respectively. All samples were subjected to cultural isolation (gold standard test for comparison of indirect mastitis tests). Of these, 261 samples were positive by cultural isolation. The sensitivity of the CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 80.08%, 86.60%, 60.54% and 57.47%; specificity 69.40%, 97.81%, 63.38% and 60.66%; percentage accuracy 75.68%,91.22%, 61.71%  and 58.78%; positive predictive value 78.87%, 98.26%, 70.22% and 67.57%; and negative predictive value 70.95%, 83.64%, 52.97% and 50%respectively. Quarter-wise sub clinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 59.68%, 51.80%, 50.68% and 50% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively, while animal-wise SCM was recorded in 72.07%, 66.67%, 64.86% and 61.26% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively. The right hind quarters were most significantly (p<0.001) susceptible to SCM than other quarters. Cows with 3rd and 4th parity and at their early lactation stage had significantly higher (p<0.001) SCM than others. Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of CMT. CMT was concluded to be the most accurate test after cultural isolation and SCC. Unlike laboratory tests as cultural isolation and SCC that require adequate laboratory facilities and skilled personnel, CMT is a reliable diagnostic method in field conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Cow Mastitis among Small Scale Farmers and Dairy Farms in Western Tigray, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Leul Berhe ◽  
Zinabu Nigus Belay ◽  
Gebresilase Gebrekidan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2017 to June 2018 to assess awareness status and management practice common among dairy cows owners and to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors in four districts and nine kebelles of Western Zone of Tigray Regional State, North West Ethiopia. In this study, out of the 355 dairy cows and 1314 functional quarters examined, 99(27.89%) cows and 142(10.81%) quarters were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis on California Mastitis Test (CMT). In addition, from the 355 dairy cows and 1420 quarters examined, 88(24.79%) and 108(7.61%) cows and teats respectively, were found to be blind. From the total risk factors considered, statistically significant association (P<0.05) was found in different breed, udder type and parity. Semi structured questionnaires surveys were distributed to 87(95.60%) males and 4(4.40%) females. According to the survey result, 76(83.52%) of the dairy cow owners housed their cows in open area with muddy or soily floor type. From the total 91 interviewed 32(35.16%) regularly dispose dung and cleaning of house. During the survey, udder management before and after milking was assessed. According to the response of 89(97.80%) milkers washed their hands prior to milking and 2(2.20%) did not. From the total 91interviewed individuals, 13(14.29%) milkers disinfect their hands before proceeding to milk the next cow while 78(85.71%) did not. During the survey, sequence of milking cows was assessed. Based on the response of respondents, 85(93.41%) of the milker did not follow sequence of milking and the rest 6(6.59%) milkers emphasized the need to follow the order of milking. The result of the present study indicated a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and with higher incidence of one or more nonfunctional teat which impose higher economic loss to the dairy owners. Lack of strategic control measures and improper attention to the health of the mammary glands contribute the higher infestation rate. Better management practices in milking and adequate housing with proper sanitation should be provided.

scholarly journals Investigation of prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy buffaloes at Bhola district of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Hasan Aliul ◽  
Paul Ashit Kumar ◽  
Riad Mohammad Mahmood ◽  
Rahman Mizanur ◽  
Ahmed Md Selim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Lactating Buffaloes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
On Farm

The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in randomly selected 200 lactating buffaloes (192 local and 8 crossbred) at some selected regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh during the period from March 2018 to February 2019. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter milk sample of lactating buffaloes at field condition for the determination of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 10.50% (21/200). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was comparatively higher in crossbred (12.5%) as compared to local breed (10.42%). The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy buffaloes was also found in late lactation period (12.82%), age group 7 to 18 years (13.46%), rainy season (11.1%) and 2nd parity group (10.74%). Moreover, the buffaloes graze in free range areas; large and medium sized farms; poor health conditions and other diseases of post parturient period increasing the susceptibility of SCM. For early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regularly as a control measures and emphasis should be provided on farm management practices; particularly on milking hygiene and udder sanitation. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 697-704

scholarly journals Evaluation of Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) For the Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagappa Karabasanavar ◽  
L. Manjunatha ◽  
M.N. Jeevan ◽  
G.S. Naveenkumar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Analytical Accuracy

Background: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) continues to be one of the major economic diseases of dairy animal. For effective management of SCM prompt early detection is required at the field level. Present study deals with evaluation of Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) - the cow side, on-farm and field level SCM detection test and its comparison with established tests. Methods: Holstein Friesian and Jersey crossbred dairy cows quarter milk (n=72) were tested for SCM using California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). Result: In comparison, CMT showed higher inclusivity and negative predictivity; while, SFMT had higher exclusivity and positive predictivity. Nevertheless, both CMT and SFMT tests performed equally in the detection of SCM as measured by analytical accuracy (84.72%). In comparison to the SCC, both CMT and SFMT showed strong concordance (kappa value of 0.7 agreements each). However, between CMT and SFMT moderate agreement was observed (kappa value 0.58). Further, in comparison to SCC, SFMT showed higher diagnostic sensitivity of 94.74% than the CMT 73.68%; specificity of CMT was higher (97.06%) than the SFMT (73.53%). Results of the present study indicated practical applications of SFMT for the detection of SCM owing to accessibility and ease of doing SFMT and its diagnostic capabilities in comparison to the widely accepted CMT. Keeping in view, the economic significance of SCM among crossbred dairy cows and need for its early diagnosis at the field level; findings of this study recommend popularization of SFMT among dairy farmers so as to control SCM in time and avoid associated economic losses to the dairy farmers.

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